Download - APPlication of energy statistics energy efficiency indicators & Greenhouse gas inventories
© OECD/IEA 2010
APPLICATION OF ENERGY STATISTICS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS&
GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES
UN Energy Statistics WorkshopBeijing, China
Sept., 201
Pierre BoileauHead, non-OECD Country Energy Statistics
Energy Statistics Division
© OECD/IEA 2010
Why such a high interest in efficiency
Saving energy in all sectors:ResidentialTransportsIndustryServicesElectricity generation
Increasing exports - reducing imports Increasing domestic (and global) energy security Strengthening RD&D Creating jobs Reducing green house gas (mainly CO2) emissions
© OECD/IEA 2010
EFFICIENCY’S ROLE IN CO2 EMISSIONS ABATEMENT
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
2007 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Gt
450 Scenario
Reference Scenario
OECD+
Other Major Economies Other
Countries
3.8 Gt
13.8 Gt
CCSNuclear
Renewables
& biofuels
Efficiency
World abatement by technology
20203.8 Gt
65%
19%
13%3%
203013.8 Gt
57%
23%
10%10%
More than 50% of the reduction of CO2 emissions should come from energy efficiency
More than 50% of the reduction of CO2 emissions should come from energy efficiency
© OECD/IEA 2010
China Reduce CO2 intensity of the economy by 40-45% between 2005 and 2020
India Reduce CO2 intensity of the economy by 20% between 2005 and 2020
The European Union: the 20-20-20 programme by 2020 Contribution of energy efficiency to reduce the energy consumption by 20%
Russia: Reduce the energy intensity of GDP of the Russian economy by 40% compared to the 2007 levels.
How to verify if countries meet their targets?
Identify priorities for energy efficiency policies
Assess progresses and failures of policies
How to verify if countries meet their targets?
Identify priorities for energy efficiency policies
Assess progresses and failures of policies
Countries are adopting ambitious targetsCountries are adopting ambitious targets
© OECD/IEA 2010
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
150%
160%
1973
= 1
00%
Total Energy
Basic energy statisticsBasic energy statistics
Example of Canada’s Residential Sector
Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data?Data?
© OECD/IEA 2010
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
150%
160%
1973
= 1
00%
Total Energy
Total Energy, CC
Example of Canada’s Residential Sector
Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data?Data?
© OECD/IEA 2010
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
150%
160%
1973
= 1
00%
Total Energy
Total Energy, CC
Total/Capita
Example of Canada’s Residential Sector
Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data?Data?
© OECD/IEA 2010
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
150%
160%
1973
= 1
00%
Total Energy
Total Energy, CC
Total/Capita
Total/household
Example of Canada’s Residential Sector
Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data?Data?
© OECD/IEA 2010
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
150%
160%
1973
= 1
00%
Total Energy
Total Energy, CC
Total/Capita
Total/household
Total/Sq. m
Example of Canada’s Residential Sector
Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data?Data?
© OECD/IEA 2010
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
150%
160%
1973
= 1
00%
Total Energy
Total Energy, CC
Total/Capita
Total/household
Total/Sq. m
Space heat/Sq. m
Example of Canada’s Residential Sector
Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data?Data?
© OECD/IEA 2010
What should be collected: Collecting any What should be collected: Collecting any statistics has a cost. As a consequence, one statistics has a cost. As a consequence, one should limit the collecting to what is necessary. should limit the collecting to what is necessary.
Modelling
Commercial/public
Industry
Socio-economic
Process
ResidentialEnergy data
Transport
End uses
ISIC: 2, 3, or 4 digits
Surveys
Census
Appliances
Data quality / timeliness
Monetary data
Fleet of vehicles
Frequency
Priorities depend on many elements: climate (heating vs. cooling), structure of the economy (industry vs. services) size of the country (transport, domestic aviation), energy
mix (biomass), electrification rate, GDP/capita, …
Priorities depend on many elements: climate (heating vs. cooling), structure of the economy (industry vs. services) size of the country (transport, domestic aviation), energy
mix (biomass), electrification rate, GDP/capita, …
But what is necessary?
© OECD/IEA 2010
People's Republic of China / République populaire de Chine : 2005
Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent / Milliers de tonnes d'équivalent pétrole
SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Geotherm. Combust. Electricity Heat TotalCONSUMPTION Oil Products Solar Renew.
etc. & Waste
APPROVISIONNEMENT Charbon Pétrole Produits Gaz Nucléaire Hydro Géotherm. Comb. Electricité Chaleur TotalET DEMANDE brut pétroliers solaire ren. &
déchetsetc.
Production 1145355 181427 - 42621 13835 34143 - 223561 - - 1640944Imports 14893 126817 41493 - - - - - 431 - 183634Exports -55279 -8067 -16722 -2484 - - - - -963 - -83514Intl. Marine Bunkers - - -7642 - - - - - - - -7642Stock Changes -17345 788 288 - - - - - - - -16269
TPES 1087624 300965 17417 40137 13835 34143 - 223561 -532 - 1717153
Transfers - -74 88 - - - - - - - 13Statistical Differences 7118 -1328 917 -1137 - - - - - - 5570Electricity Plants -527596 -213 -15059 -2637 -13835 -34143 - -861 214780 - -379565CHP Plants - - - - - - - - - - -Heat Plants -71089 -3 -2672 -1938 - - - -503 - 54660 -21545Gas Works -6640 - -144 4841 - - - - - - -1943Petroleum Refineries - -290405 283439 - - - - - - - -6966Coal Transformation -69485 - - - - - - - - - -69485Liquefaction Plants - - - - - - - - - - -Other Transformation - - - - - - - - - - -Own Use -46624 -5037 -17434 -6549 - - - - -28398 -10647 -114690Distribution Losses - - -20 -864 - - - - -14494 -630 -16009
TFC 373308 3905 266532 31852 - - - 222197 171355 43383 1112532
INDUSTRY SECTOR 279763 2509 35753 12366 - - - - 116217 29153 475761Iron and Steel 102809 - 3011 894 - - - - 21882 3667 132263Chemical and Petrochemical 28095 - 5380 5589 - - - - 21588 12899 73550Non-Ferrous Metals 8147 - 1559 791 - - - - 12639 1811 24947Non-Metallic Minerals 85282 - 8904 2540 - - - - 12179 149 109054Transport Equipment 3226 - 1067 459 - - - - 2580 625 7956Machinery 9117 - 3834 1360 - - - - 13801 978 29091Mining and Quarrying 3628 - 1225 151 - - - - 4337 303 9644Food and Tobacco 11818 - 1577 218 - - - - 4123 1977 19714Paper Pulp and Printing 8551 - 761 65 - - - - 4019 2373 15768Wood and Wood Products 1870 - 268 14 - - - - 1114 127 3392Construction 3200 - 4161 125 - - - - 2012 111 9608Textile and Leather 9378 - 1572 64 - - - - 8288 3685 22987Non-specified 4642 2509 2434 98 - - - - 7656 448 17788
TRANSPORT SECTOR 4080 - 108334 79 - - - - 1737 - 114230International Aviation - - 2095 - - - - - - - 2095Domestic Aviation - - 7566 - - - - - - - 7566Road - - 75670 70 - - - - - - 75740Rail 4079 - 9129 - - - - - 1737 - 14944Pipeline Transport - - 4627 9 - - - - - - 4636Domestic Navigation 1 - 9247 - - - - - - - 9248Non-specified 1 - - - - - - - - - 1
OTHER SECTORS 67380 238 61076 12071 - - - 222197 53401 14230 430593Residential 46162 - 17598 8895 - - - 222197 24293 12356 331502Comm. and Publ. Services 5190 - 22302 3177 - - - - 10040 867 41576Agriculture/Forestry 12155 - 21175 - - - - - 7536 18 40885Fishing - - - - - - - - - - -Non-specified 3872 238 - - - - - - 11532 988 16630
NON-ENERGY USE 22085 1158 61369 7336 - - - - - - 91948in Industry/Transf./Energy 22085 1158 61369 7336 - - - - - - 91948 of which: Feedstocks - 1158 33590 7336 - - - - - - 42084in Transport - - - - - - - - - - -in Other Sectors - - - - - - - - - - -
Electr. Generated - GWh 1972267 - 60634 11931 53088 397017 - 2504 - - 2497441 Electricity Plants 1972267 - 60634 11931 53088 397017 - 2504 - - 2497441 CHP Plants - - - - - - - - - - -Heat Generated - TJ 2091954 - 94145 90203 - - - 12645 - - 2288947 CHP Plants - - - - - - - - - - - Heat Plants 2091954 - 94145 90203 - - - 12645 - - 2288947
Energy Balance
OTHER SECTORS 67380 238 61076 12071 - - - 222197 53401 14230 188090
Residential 46162 - 17598 8895 - - - 222197 24293 12356 156840
Comm. & Pub. Services 5190 - 22302 3177 - - - - 10040 867 11931
Agriculture/Forestry 12155 - 21175 - - - - - 7536 18 14286
Fishing - - - - - - - - - - -
Non-specified 3872 238 - - - - - - 11532 988 5033
No breakdown by end use: - heating - DHW - lighting - cooking - air conditioning - appliances
No breakdown by end use: - heating - DHW - lighting - cooking - air conditioning - appliances
What most countries collect on a regular basis is limited to aggregated levels
What most countries collect on a regular basis is limited to aggregated levels
No breakdown by end use and by function of buildings (hospitals, schools, hotels, offices, restaurants, etc.)
No breakdown by end use and by function of buildings (hospitals, schools, hotels, offices, restaurants, etc.)
© OECD/IEA 2010
What indicators can be built What indicators can be built from the energy balancesfrom the energy balances
Oil (53%)
Gas (18.8%)
Coal (22.4%)
Other** (2.4%)
Hydro (2.1%)
Nuclear (1.3%)
Figure 1. TPES* in 1973
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Coal Oil Gas Hydro Nuclear Other**
Figure 5. Electricity Generationby Fuel
0
50
100
150
200
1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 20040
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Electricity/GDP TPES/GDP Production/TPES
Figure 6. Electricity Consumption/GDP, TPES/GDP and Energy Production/TPES
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1973 2004 1973 2004 1973 2004
Coal Oil Gas Electricity Other*****
Industry Transport Other Sectors****
Figure 4. Breakdown of Sectorial Final Consumption by Source in 1973 and 2004
© OECD/IEA 2010
AggregatedIndicators
TPES/GDP
TPES/Production
Electricity Cons./Population
CO2/GDP PPP
Efficiency Elec. Prod.
Cons./ton cement
Heating Cons./sqm/DD
Litre/100km (stock)
The focus will be mainly limited to the data needed to build the
disaggregated indicators
The focus will be mainly limited to the data needed to build the
disaggregated indicators
Dry process
Condensing boiler
Litre/100km (vintage)
What data for what indicatorsWhat data for what indicators
ProcessEfficiency
DisaggregatedIndicators
DisaggregatedIndicators
© OECD/IEA 2010
No answer to the following questions No answer to the following questions from the annual questionnairesfrom the annual questionnaires
How much energy is consumed to produce a ton of cement, steel, etc?
How much energy is used for heating/cooling a square metre of floor in residential?
What is the average consumption of gasoline per passenger-km in a car?
What is the consumption of electricity in street lighting?
The lack of detailed data on energy consumption was one of the starting points for the indicators programmeThe lack of detailed data on energy consumption was one of the starting points for the indicators programme
© OECD/IEA 2010
PRODUCTION OF COMMODITIESPRODUCTION OF COMMODITIES
COMMODITIESCOMMODITIES
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Thermal Energy Requirement per tonne of Clinker by Country including Alternate Fuels
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Data can be used to estimate potential Data can be used to estimate potential savingssavings
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Diffusion, stocks and average Diffusion, stocks and average consumptionconsumptionof selected appliancesof selected appliances
RESIDENTIAL
%
106
kW
h/u
nit
© OECD/IEA 2010
Household energy use by end use
© OECD/IEA 2010
Decomposition of changes in space heatingper capita, 1990-2006
© OECD/IEA 2010
© OECD/IEA 2010
International Context for Greenhouse Gases
Stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
1992: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at Rio de Janeiro conference
1995 (1996): IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas InventoriesDevelopment of methodologies for gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.
1997: Kyoto Protocol (entry into force 2005)Reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions for the period 2008-2012 of about 5% compared to 1990.
2000: Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
2006: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
2008-2012: End of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol
© OECD/IEA 2010
Energy 83%
Industrial processes
7%
Agriculture 7%
Waste 3%
94%
5%1%
CH4
N2O
CO2
Share of energy in GHG emissions (Annex I countries)
Key point: Accounting for the largest share of global GHG emissions, energy emissions are predominantly CO2.
Source: UNFCCC
© OECD/IEA 2010
Total emissions: 29.0 Gt CO2
World CO2 emissions by sector in 2009
Key point: Between 1971 and 2009, the combined share of electricity and heat generation and transport shifted from 1/2 to 2/3 of global emissions.
© OECD/IEA 2010
Non emitting
TWh
World electricity generation by fuel
Key point: Although non- and low-emitting sources are growing, electricity generation is becoming more CO2-intensive as a result of coal use.
© OECD/IEA 2010
Gt CO2
Trend in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion
Key point: Since 1870, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion have risen exponentially.
Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US
© OECD/IEA 2010
Accuracy
Accuracy
IPCC methodologies
IEA CO2 estimates are calculated using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines although the IPCC published new Guidelines in 2006.
Kyoto Protocol is based on the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
Tier 1 Simplest method Activity data available to all countries
Tier 2 Country or technology-specific emission
factor Tier 3
More detailed or country-specific methods
© OECD/IEA 2010
Can be done from two independent sets of data:
Supply of fuels to the countryReference Approach
Consumption by end-use sectors Sectoral Approach
IPCC methodology: Tier 1
Basic computation for CO2 emissions:
CO2 emissions by product: Fuel Quantity x Emission Factor(with corrections for stored and unoxidised carbon)
Sum over all different products
© OECD/IEA 2010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009
Kyoto target
International Bunkers
Non-Annex I Parties
Non-Participating Annex I Parties
Kyoto Parties with targets
Gt CO2
IPCC Guidelines: International aviation and international marine bunkers are not included in national totals.
Note on international bunkers
© OECD/IEA 2010
2009 World CO2 emissions
Bunker fuels are included in transport for the world total (but excluded for all countries and regions)
Residential only includes emissions from fuels actually combusted in households (hence its relatively small share), not electricity or heat consumption
We show both the reference approach and sectoral approach emissions (the difference coming from statistical differences, and losses and transformation) We show emissions for main activity
and autoproducer plants separately (we don’t have the required data to allocate autoproducers to their consuming sectors)
Other only includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste (not biofuels)
© OECD/IEA 2010
Step 1: Estimating sectoral fuel consumptionMODULE ENERGY
SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)
WORKSHEET STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS
SHEET MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
A B C D E F
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Consumption Conversion Factor
(TJ/unit)
Consumption (TJ)
Carbon Emission Factor (t C/TJ)
Carbon Content
(t C)
Carbon Content (Gg C)
C=(AxB) E=(CxD) F=(E x 10-3)
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Gas/Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
Units: Could be in natural units (e.g. 1000 tonnes) or in energy units (e.g. TJ)
Separate sheet filled out for each sector:
Main activity producer electricity and heat
Unallocated autoproducersOther energy industries
Manufacturing industries and construction
Transportof which: roadOther sectors
of which: residential
Revised 1996 Guidelines
© OECD/IEA 2010
Revised 1996 Guidelines
MODULE ENERGY
SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)
WORKSHEET STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS
SHEET MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
A B C D E F
ManufacturingIndustries and Construction
Consumption Conversion Factor
(TJ/unit)
Consumption (TJ)
Carbon Emission Factor (t C/TJ)
Carbon Content
(t C)
Carbon Content (Gg C)
C=(AxB) E=(CxD) F=(E x 10-3)
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Gas/Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
SELECTED NET CALORIFIC VALUES FROM THE 1996
GLS
Factors (TJ/103 tonnes)
Refined petroleum productsGasoline 44.80Jet kerosene 44.59Other kerosene 44.75Shale oil 36.00Gas/diesel oil 43.33Residual fuel oil 40.19LPG 47.31Ethane 47.49Naphtha 45.01Bitumen 40.19Lubricants 40.19Petroleum coke 31.00Refinery feedstocks 44.80Refinery gas 48.15Other oil products 40.19Other productsCoal oils and tars derived from coking coals
28.00
Oil shale 9.40Orimulsion 27.50
Country-specific NCVs for natural gas and coal are given explicitly in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
Step 2: Converting to a common energy unit
© OECD/IEA 2010
MODULE ENERGY
SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)
WORKSHEET STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS
SHEET MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
A B C D E F
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Consumption Conversion Factor
(TJ/unit)
Consumption (TJ)
Carbon Emission Factor (t C/TJ)
Carbon Content
(t C)
Carbon Content (Gg C)
C=(AxB) E=(CxD) F=(E x 10-3)
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Gas/Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
CARBON EMISSION FACTORS (CEF)
Fuel Carbon emissionfactor (t C/TJ)
LIQUID FOSSILPrimary fuelsCrude oil 20.0Orimulsion 22.0Natural gas liquids 17.2Secondary fuels/productsGasoline 18.9Jet kerosene 19.5Other kerosene 19.6Shale oil 20.0Gas/diesel oil 20.2Residual fuel oil 21.1LPG 17.2Ethane 16.8Naphtha (20.0)
Bitumen 22.0Lubricants (20.0) Petroleum coke 27.5Refinery feedstocks (20.0)
Refinery gas 18.2 Other oil (20.0)
Step 3: Multiplying by carbon emission factors Revised 1996 Guidelines
© OECD/IEA 2010
MODULE ENERGY
SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)
WORKSHEET 2 STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS
SHEET MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION
STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6
G H I J K L
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Fraction of Carbon Stored
Carbon Stored (Gg C)
Net Carbon Emissions
(Gg C)
Fraction of Carbon
Oxidised
Actual Carbon
Emissions(Gg C)
Actual CO2 Emissions(Gg CO2)
H=(FxG) I=(F-H) K=(IxJ) L=(K x [44/12])
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Gas/Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
Default values: fraction of carbon stored
Naphtha* 0.8Lubricants 0.5Bitumen 1.0Coal Oils and Tars 0.75Natural Gas* 0.33 Gas/Diesel Oil*0.5LPG*0.8Ethane* 0.8
*When used as feedstocks
Step 4: Calculating carbon stored Revised 1996 Guidelines
© OECD/IEA 2010
MODULE ENERGY
SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)
WORKSHEET 2 STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS
SHEET MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION
STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6
G H I J K L
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Fraction of Carbon Stored
Carbon Stored (Gg C)
Net Carbon Emissions
(Gg C)
Fraction of Carbon
Oxidised
Actual Carbon
Emissions(Gg C)
Actual CO2 Emissions(Gg CO2)
H=(FxG) I=(F-H) K=(IxJ) L=(K x [44/12])
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Gas/Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
Default values: fraction of carbon oxidised
Coal 0.98Oil and oil products 0.99Gas 0.995Peat for elec. Generation 0.99
Step 5: Correcting for carbon unoxidised Revised 1996 Guidelines
© OECD/IEA 2010
MODULE ENERGY
SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)
WORKSHEET 2 STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS
SHEET MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION
STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6
G H I J K L
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Fraction of Carbon Stored
Carbon Stored (Gg C)
Net Carbon Emissions
(Gg C)
Fraction of Carbon
Oxidised
Actual Carbon
Emissions(Gg C)
Actual CO2 Emissions(Gg CO2)
H=(FxG) I=(F-H) K=(IxJ) L=(K x [44/12])
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Gas/Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
Multiply by 44/12(the molecular weight ratio of CO2 to C)
Step 6: Converting to CO2 emissions Revised 1996 Guidelines
© OECD/IEA 2010
Differences between 1996 and 2006 Guidelines
Simplified estimation methodology
Emission factors: Rather than separate carbon and CO2 – estimate CO2 directly Oxidation factors: Rather than differentiate oxidation based on fuels since almost
no information is available on this, assume 100% oxidation – simplifies and is more conservative. Also, the oxidation factors are now included directly in the EFs.
Non-energy use: Rather than include all energy and then make assumptions on stored carbon, the activity data explicitly exclude the non-energy use of fuels.
Account for emissions where and when they occur: New methodologies for CO2 captured and stored, new methodologies for CO2 in agricultural soils, forests
© OECD/IEA 2010
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines: Sectoral Approach
2006 IPCC Guidelines: Sectoral Approach
© OECD/IEA 2010
SECTOR ENERGY
CATEGORY FUEL COMBUSTION ACTIVITIES
CATEGORY CODE 1A
SHEET 1 OF 4 (CO2, CH4 AND N2O FROM FUEL COMBUSTION BY SOURCE CATEGORIES – TIER 1)
Energy consumption CO2 CH4 (etc.)
A
Consumption (Mass.Volume or Energy unit)
Liquid fuels
Crude Oil
Orimulsion
Natural Gas Liquids
Motor Gasoline
Aviation Gasoline
Jet Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Step 1: Estimating sectoral fuel consumption
Units: Could be in natural units (e.g. 1000 tonnes) or in energy units (e.g. TJ)
Separate sheet filled out for each sector:
Main activity electricity and heat production, Petroleum Refining, Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries, Iron and Steel, Non-Ferrous Metals, Chemicals, Pulp/Paper/Print, Food Processing/Beverages/Tobacco, Non-Metallic Minerals, Transport Equipment, Machinery, Mining (excl. fuels)/Quarrying, Wood/Wood Products, Construction, Textile/Leather, Non-specified Industry, Commercial/Institutional, Residential, Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing/Fish Farms, Non-specified Stationary
2006 Guidelines
© OECD/IEA 2010
SECTOR ENERGY
CATEGORY FUEL COMBUSTION ACTIVITIES
CATEGORY CODE 1A
SHEET 1 OF 4 (CO2, CH4 AND N2O FROM FUEL COMBUSTION BY SOURCE CATEGORIES – TIER 1)
Energy consumption CO2 CH4 (etc.)
A B
Conversion Factor
(TJ/unit)
C
Consumption (TJ)
C=A*B
Liquid fuels
Crude Oil
Orimulsion
Natural Gas Liquids
Motor Gasoline
Aviation Gasoline
Jet Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
SELECTED NET CALORIFIC VALUESFROM THE 2006 GLS
Net calorific value (TJ/Gg) Lower Upper
Crude oil 42.3 40.1 44.8Orimulsion 27.5 27.5 28.3Natural Gas Liquids 44.2 40.9 46.9Motor Gasoline 44.3 42.5 44.8Aviation Gasoline 44.3 42.5 44.8Jet Gasoline 44.3 42.5 44.8Jet kerosene 44.1 42.0 45.0Other kerosene 43.8 42.4 45.2
Country-specific NCVs for natural gas and coal are given explicitly in the
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. The 2006 Guidelines give one default value with
upper and lower limits.
Step 2: Converting to a common energy unit 2006 Guidelines
© OECD/IEA 2010
SECTOR ENERGY
CATEGORY FUEL COMBUSTION ACTIVITIES
CATEGORY CODE 1A
SHEET 1 OF 4 (CO2, CH4 AND N2O FROM FUEL COMBUSTION BY SOURCE CATEGORIES – TIER 1)
Energy consumption CO2 CH4 (etc.)
D
CO2 Emission Factor (kg CO2/TJ)
E
CO2
Emissions (Gg CO2)
E=C*D/106
Liquid fuels
Crude Oil
Orimulsion
Natural Gas Liquids
Motor Gasoline
Aviation Gasoline
Jet Gasoline
Jet Kerosene
Other Kerosene
Step 3: Multiplying by CO2 emission factors 2006 Guidelines
DEFAULT EFFECTIVE CO2 EMISSION FACTORS
FROM THE 2006 GLS
CO2
Default emission
factorLower Upper
Crude oil 73 300 71 100 75 500Orimulsion 77 000 69 300 85 400Natural Gas Liquids 64 200 58 300 70 400Motor Gasoline 69 300 67 500 73 000Aviation Gasoline 70 000 67 500 73 000Jet Gasoline 70 000 67 500 73 000Jet kerosene 71 500 69 700 74 400Other kerosene 71 900 70 800 73 700
© OECD/IEA 2010
IEA Statistics - www.iea.org/stats/index.asp
Energy Efficiency Indicators -www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiencyindicators/
Energy Efficiency Home Page - www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/
CO2 Emissions Data Overview www.iea.org/co2highlights/
Some useful websites on energy efficiencySome useful websites on energy efficiency
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