Download - Applied Quantum Electronics
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Applied Quantum ElectronicsApplied Quantum ElectronicsHeikki Seppä and Panu Helistö
Technical Research Centre of Finland, Sensors/Quantronics
TEA (ThermoElectric Avalance)
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
BasicResearch
Future Needs andCustomers
AppliedResearch
Development Needs andCustomers
EnterprisesUniveristiesResearch Centres
Innovations
Proactive Innovations
Motivation - Proactive Inventions and InnovationsMotivation - Proactive Inventions and Innovations
Facts Real needs Future real needsVisions and imagination
Virtual needs
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Research Examples (2006)
• Towards quantum computer
• Teraherts imaging
• Invisible printable electric codes, carbon nanotubes
• Thermoelectric avalance in metalic nano arrays
Recent projects and submitted project applications
Patent applications (2006)
Other results
Future plans
Contents
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Towards quantum computing with superconducting solid state qubits
• Main problem: decoherence due to thermal noise and fluctuators in junctions and their neighborhood
• RSFQubit results 2006
• high quality JJ junctions => reduced JJ noise
• e-ph coupling 'cooling fins' to achieve record low base temperature of shunt resistors
• RC shunts to isolate qubit from RSFQ dissipations
• Decoherence times ~5 us achieved
Maria Gabriella Castellano, Leif Grönberg, Pasquale Carelli, Fabio Chiarello, Carlo Cosmelli, Roberto Leoni, Stefano Poletto, Guido Torrioli, Juha Hassel, Panu Helistö, Superconducting Science and Technology 19, 860864 (2006).
J. Hassel, H. Seppä, P. Helistö, J. Kunert, L. Fritzsch and H.G. Meyer, Appl. Phys. Lett., accepted (2006)
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Passive imaging with superconducting bolometers
NIST - VTT collaboration
• 1-pixel Nb bolometer 0.1 - 1 THz
• RT readout
• Linear scanning
• (2005)
Background (reflected by concealed objects) at room temperature
Skin at body temperature
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
NbN bolometer arrays fabricated at VTT
• NbN - higher normal state resistance=> lower thermal conductance than Nb (lower noise), easier matching to antenna
• Tc can be tailored to optimize performance 0 - 13 K
• 8-pixel subarrays developed => goal 128-pixel linear array
3 mm
10 mAl
Si
NbN
6 8 10 12 14 160
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Re
sist
anc
e [
]
Lakeshore temperature [K]
Transition during natural warmup
P. Helistö, A. Luukanen, L. Grönberg, J.S. Penttilä, H. Seppä, H. Sipola, C.R. Dietlein and E.N. Grossman, Antenna-coupled microbolometers for passive THz direct detection imaging arrays, 36th European Microwave Conference 2006, Manchester 1015 September 2006 .
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
The VTT room-temperature readout
• A novel readout method developed by VTT utilizes ETF
• Simple low noise JFET amplifier reads out the voltage across the bolometer
• With feedback through Zfb, voltage across bolometer is set to V
• At high frequencies, Zx maintains stability
• Bias point set at the bottom of the IV curve large Rd allows for easy noise matching
• H Seppä and P Helistö, pat. pend. Zd
-+
A()vout
Zx
V
V'
Zfb
4 K 300 K
(a)
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Electrical noise of a NbN microbolometer + RT readout
• First run of NbN test detectors
• Smooth IV curve - good quality bolometer wire
• Electrical NEP ~ 9 fW/sqHz (lowest measured at 4 K)
100 1000 10000 100000
1
10
i n(pA
/rtH
z)
f(Hz)
10
100
Pn(f
W/r
tHz)
(b)
NE
P (
fW/r
tHz)
V [mV]
2 4 6 8 10
J.S. Penttilä, A. Luukanen, L. Grönberg, P. Helistö, H. Sipola, and H. Seppä, Seventh International Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics, WOLTE 7, WPP264, 2123 June 2006, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 203207 (2006).
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Printable nanotube based invisible electric code
• Utilizes proberties of single walled proberties nanotubes• Near completely invisible• Sufficient condactivity to electric detection (100 MHz) • Applications:
• Invisible electric codes• Printable active components
210306NC2
24 nm
103,4 k Ω/□
32,7 k Ω/□
210306NC
35 nm
18,1 k Ω/□ 3,79 kΩ/□
020306Ag
500 nm
4,93 Ω/□695 Ω/□
230306NC
2,93 μm
630 Ω/□
354 Ω/□
Sheet resistance at 10 kHz
103 104 105 106 107 108103
104
105
106
VEXC
= 100 mV
immediately after ethanol droplet before ethanol droplet 30 min aftr ethanol droplet parasitic capacitance
Impe
danc
e (O
hm)
f (Hz)
0,9 pF parasitic capacitanse
24 nm Thick SWCNT Mat
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Nanoparticle TEM visualization
thin polymer shell
~ 5 Å
time
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
SEM before electrical sintering
SEM after electrical sintering
Electric Sintering
Condactivity via tunneling (inelastic or elastic cotunneling ?), strong temperature dependence
Room temperature sintering process
Metallic coductivity
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Thermoelectric Avalance
100 m
100 m
self-organized creation ofsintered or melted metallic wire - uniform width, - large aspect ratio
not sintered nanoparticle array
melted wire
SEM
AFM
Click Video
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
ProjectsQuantronix (Panu Helistö)
• Submm Scanner, Tekes, Companies, (NIST), 2005 - 2007• Printag, Tekes/FinNano, Companies, 2005 - 2007 • RSFQubit, EU FP6, 2005 - 2007• Low-temperature Spectrometer Array, ESA GSTP G204-06M (SRON, 2007-2008)• Superconducting Read Out for Microcalorimeters, ESA TRP SCI-X10.a (SRON, 2007-2008)• Quantum Metrology Rriangle, Technology Industries of Finland, (MIKES, TKK, 2007-2010).• TeraEye, EU FP6, THz imaging based on quantum dot detectors, in negotiation, 2007 - 2009• ITI, Thermoplexer, submitted (ESA)
Printable Sensors (Ari Alastalo)• Printable Electronics …, VTT, 2005 - • Printed RFID Sensor Solutions, Nordite/Tekes, 2006 - 2007• Printable Functional Nano Structures, submitted to Teknologiateollisuuden säätiölle, 2007 - 2009• Metallic and semiconducting nanoparticles for printable electronics, planning phase, EU-7
Biosensors (Kirsti Tappura)• Biosystems, VTT, 2005 -• MEMS Based Later Bulk Acoustic Waves for Biosensors, Tekes, Companies, (2005 -• MEMS based Biosensors, planning phase, EU7, 2007 -2010 • Terahertz Biospectrometer, planning phase, EU7, 2007 - 2010
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Recent Patent Applications
Directly linked to CeO
• Bolometer Amplifier based on the Thermoelectric Feedback, 2006
• Multiplexing Scheme based on Thermoelectric Power Amplification and SIN-Junctions, 2006
• Invisible Ink for Electric Coding based on Carbon Nanotubes, 2006
• Sintering of Nanoparticles using Thermoelectric Avalance, 2006
Indirectly linked to CeO
• Several patent applications (2006, about 15) related to sensors, materials, telecommunication,
• 5 - 6 patents are lisenced or sold during 2006
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Other Results
1. New Research Team (Dr. Ari Alastalo)
2. Two Doctoral Thesis: Ari Alastalo and Anu Kärkkäinen
3. Two Spin-off Companies and one Join Company
Directly Related to CeO
• Aivon Ltd, 2006, cryogenic detectors, dc and hg SQUIDs for Electa- Neuromag, Dr. Jari Penttilä (Shares: three Finns and VTT)
Indirectly Related to CeO
• FennoID Ltd, 2006, RFID sollutions, Heikki Mamia (Shares: two Finns, German, Chinese, Indonesian and VTT)
• ReadTeck (Chína), 2006, Joint Company between FennoID (Finland) and TeckTop (China/Wuhan), RFID for China Markets (Traffic Customs) and Electric Codes
CoE, Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, 9th September, Heikki Seppä
CONFIDENTIAL
Future Plans
Directly Related to CeO
• Teraherts Imiging Systems
• Teraherts Spectroscopy
• New Realisation for Quantum Triangle
•Sluice, BOT, unSQUID / Calorimetric detection of electrons
• Detectors and Electronics for Quantum Computing
• RFSQ
• Modified un SQUID (Quantum Limited Amplifier)
• Prediction: 12 times lower energy resolution than dc SQUID
Indirectly Related to CeO
• Electric conductivity in 3D nano arrays
• Inorganic nanoparticles (metalic, semiconductive and ferroelectric) for printable electronics
• Terahertz spectroscopy for biotechnolgy