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market-view
Australian housing markets report
APRA acts - market gamechanger?
Dr Andrew Wilson – Domain Group senior economistDecember 2015
Copyright 2015 Dr Andrew Wilson – all rights reserved
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market-view
Understanding the impacts of change to housing finance
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market-view
APRA
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market-view
APRA - Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
Prudential regulator of the Australian financial services industry.
Oversees Australia’s banks, credit unions, building societies, life and general insurance companies and reinsurance companies, friendly societies and most of the superannuation industry
Funded largely by the industries that it supervises
Member of the Council of Financial Regulators (CFR) that includes ASIC, Treasury and RBA
What is ARPA?
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market-view
In December 2014 APRA determined that
…..prudential risks in the housing market appear to be increasing
…..with lending to property investors particularly strong…leading to imbalances in the housing market
…..forces have contributed to strong house price growth, particularly when viewed against the more subdued growth in household incomes
ARPA acts to reduce bank risk from housing market exposure
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market-view
APRA informed banks that due to increased risk it would monitor specific areas of prudential concern
higher risk mortgage lending — high loan-to-income loans, high LVR loans, interest-only loans to owner occupiers, and loans with very long terms
strong growth in investor lending with growth above 10% an important risk indicator
loan affordability tests for new borrowers including an interest rate buffer at least 2% above loan product rate, and a floor lending rate of at least 7%, when assessing borrowers’ ability to service their loans.
The 10% benchmark was established after advice from members of the Council of Financial Regulators, taking into account a range of factors including income growth and recent market trends
ARPA acts to reduce bank risk from housing market exposure
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market-view
In July 2014 APRA announced that:
The average risk-weighting for home loans to be raised from 16% to 25%
Banks required to lift capital reserves by 0.8% on average to cover credit risk
This would enhance the resilience of banks and the broader financial system reducing the risk from housing as mortgages were the biggest exposure for Australian banks
The new weightings to come into force July 1 2016 to allow banks time to raise the estimated $11 billion required
ARPA acts to reduce bank risk from housing market exposure
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market-view
Bank actions from APRA policies
Banks initiated: For investors - to cap lending growth at 10%
Tighter income tests Lower LVR’s Higher interest rates
For owner-occupiers – to fund increased capital reserves and maintain profitability Higher interest rates
ARPA acts to reduce bank risk from housing market exposure
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market-view
APRA impact on housing markets
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market-view
Investor market
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market-view
Market response to ARPA – investor lending down sharply (ABS national monthly)
$15.5b
$14.2b
$12.8b$12.5b
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15
Bill
ion
s
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market-view
ARPA rates rise investors fall – for now (ABS monthly investor loan changes)
-10.2%
-4.5%
-2.0%
-21.8%
-13.1%
-8.9%-9.9%
-16.7%
-5.0%
-7.3%
0.6%
-7.0%
6.0%
17.6%
-20.2%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15
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market-view
Net investor market contraction (ABS loans aggregated monthly changes 3 months to Sept)
-18.5%
-21.4%
-12.8%
-9.2%
-40.6%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
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market-view
47.2%
24.8%
14.8%
3.8%
6.7%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
NSW investors nearly half but ARPA policies impact all (ABS Sep. investor loan national market share)
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market-view
51.7%
43.1%
41.6%40.6%
35.4%
46.1%
41.8%
39.4%
35.8%37.1%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
September market share 15 year average
Local investor market share still above average (ABS loans)
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market-view
NSW highest investor share above average – the rest modest (ABS Sep. loans)
5.7%
1.3%
2.2%
4.8%
-1.7%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
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market-view
Investor growth highest of buyer types everywhere (ABS Jan-Sep 2015 vs. Jan-Sep 2014 )
25.5%
20.8%
16.8%15.0%
-8.8%
18.5%
13.9%
4.5%2.8%
-11.2%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
Investor Owner-occupied exc.ref.
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market-view
Investor vs owner-occupied growth - stable relationship (ABS Jan-Sep 2015 vs. Jan-Sep 2014 )
7.0% 6.9%
12.3% 12.2%
2.5%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
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market-view
APRA impact on general residential market
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market-view
House prices growth flat or falling most capitals (Sep qtr)
5.2%
3.3%
0.1%
2.5%
-0.8%
7.7%
6.0%
0.1%
2.0%
-0.9%
3.2%2.8%
0.8%0.3%
-2.4%
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth
March June September
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market-view
Net quarterly house price growth change falling most capitals (Sep qtr)
-4.5%
-3.2%
0.7%
-1.7%-1.5%
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth
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market-view
Auction clearance rates reflect market prices and falling in Sydney (Sep qtr)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
$1,000,000
$1,100,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Median house price ACR
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market-view
Auction clearance rates also falling in Melbourne (Sep qtr)
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
$450,000
$500,000
$550,000
$600,000
$650,000
$700,000
$750,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Median house price ACR
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market-view
Clearance rates down over November – Sydney sharpest fall since last year
60.9%
69.0%
50.0%
60.8%
66.0%
55.7%
66.5%
38.8%
56.9%
63.8%
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Canberra
Oct-15 Nov-15
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market-view
Weekend auction clearance rates falling sharply since July and October rate risesMelbourne now lowest since 2013 - Sydney lowest since 2012 steep decline
84.5%
79.6%
66.2%
89.2%
82.0%
58.6%
2/05/15 2/06/15 2/07/15 2/08/15 2/09/15 2/10/15 2/11/15
Melbourne Sydney
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market-view
Sydney interest rate sensitive and investor regions falling sharply since July - clearance rates and confidence collapse
43.5%
36.1%
37.0%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15
Canterbury Bankstown City and East Inner West
Lower North Northern Beaches South
South West Upper North Shore West
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market-view
Real prices growth in current cycle subdued except for Sydney (ABS less local inflation to Sept qtr)
49.9%
12.5%
-7.4%-5.6%
-8.7%
0.3%
-7.3%-10.8%
SydneyJune 11
MelbourneJune 10
BrisbaneJune 10
AdelaideJune 10
PerthJune 10
CanberraDec 10
HobartDec 10
DarwinMar 11
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market-view
APRA actions – lower risks for banks is a worthy goal but…..
A one-size fits all solution, Sydney-centric policy
Will lenders favour Sydney regardless as strongest investor market?
Are the impacts greater for weaker smaller markets?
Significant negative economic consequences through reduced investment particularly in underperforming economies
Sydney strongest economy – strongest housing market – strongest investor market
Will policies exacerbate the risks designed to mitigate against ?
Have policies impeded typical orderly market correction phase?
Higher rates have impacted buyer confidence in the short–term but markets will find their natural floor over the longer-term
Is the risk modelling appropriate - incomes versus house prices?
Exacerbated Sydney market easing - hardship for spring home sellers
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market-view
APRA actions – lower risks for banks is a worthy goal but…..
Reduced investor activity to translate into less rental stock in tight rental markets (most capitals)
Investors to pass on rate rises to tenants
Reduced rental stock and higher rents exacerbate already low numbers of first home buyers – particularly in Sydney
Long-term implications for market dynamics with chronically low first home buyers stuck in the queue
Lower first home buyers will continue to shift balance in favour of investors
Regardless of APRA - residential investor activity levels are likely to rise through the cycles
Disconnect between RBA settings and bank mortgage rates
Downward bias for RBA macro settings but banks likely to continue to raise rates in 2016
Mexican stand-off? – who will act first?
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market-view
8.5%
12.8%
11.0%
12.8%
21.0%
13.7%
17.4%
15.6%14.5%
18.6%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
FHB market share Long-term average
First home buyer barriers increase rental demand – Sydney worst (ABS Sept loans)
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market-view
1.8% 1.8%
2.6%
1.9%
3.6%
2.3%
3.8%
3.2%
2.5%
4.1%
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth
Houses Units
Capital city September vacancy rates – higher rates passed on to rents
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market-view
Sydney highest investor levels but house rents keep rising (September qtr)
$530
$300
$350
$400
$450
$500
$550
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
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market-view
Low Sydney yields vs deposits an investor driver - plus tax breaks
3.9%
5.3%
2.2%
3.2%
4.6%
3.7%
2%
3%
3%
4%
4%
5%
5%
6%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
RBA average term deposit Sydney house yield
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market-view
Yields in sync and bottom of yield cycle
3.6%
4.0%
4.9%
4.6%
4.3%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
5.5%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth
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market-view
Residential property investment to rise through the cycles
Strong local culture of bricks and mortar investment - safe as houses
Residential yields to remain attractive in low growth, low yield economy
Significant tax advantages for residential investors
Negative gearing, tax depreciation, capital gains tax concessions
Ongoing supply constraints for new housing
Low numbers of first home buyers driving rising demand for rentals
Rising demand from international investors – particularly from China
Foreign buyers less inclined to require rent income stream
capital safe haven - reduces available new rental stock
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market-view
Residential property investment to rise through the cycles
Capital growth will be flatter through the cycles but above inflation rate
Increased interest from super funds with new housing investment products
Residential similar to commercial investment - more yield focused, longer leases
Income-hungry governments to target residential investment tax treatments
RE Industry to target and nurture investors as growing business opportunity
One-stop residential investment management shop
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market-view
Thank you
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market-view
Australian capital city housing marketssynchronised, orderly growth and correction phases
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market-view
expansion
trough
peak
trough
peak
correction recovery
contraction
• Change points........
• Define phases
Housing market analysis – house price cycle model (Wilson 98)
Prices below last peak
Prices below last trough
Prices above last trough
Prices above last peak
bubble?
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market-view
Sydney annual house price growth orderly growth and correction phases
22.2%
-4.5%
17.0%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Thisyear to
Sep
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market-view
Melbourne annual house price growth orderly growth and correction phases
23.4%
-4.1%
12.6%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year sofar
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market-view
Interest rates and housing markets
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market-view
Interest rates drive the cycle – for ALL capitals in sync
Rates rise 09-10(FHOGB – mining boom 2)
Rates fall 11-12-13(economy fades)
Rates fall 08(GFC)Rates rise 06-07
(mining boom 1)
Rates fall again 2015(economy still flat)
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
$25 0,000
$35 0,000
$45 0,000
$55 0,000
$65 0,000
$75 0,000
$85 0,000
$95 0,000
$1, 050,00 0
$1, 150,00 0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth Interest rate
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market-view
Sydney house prices and interest rates – clear underlying relationship
7.25%
3.00%
4.75%
2.00%
$1,032,433
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
$1,000,000
$1,100,000
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Interest rate Sydney median house price
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market-view
Rates drive Sydney affordability and prices
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market-view
Falling repayments enable prices growth (Reserve Bank indicator rate, 30 year variable, ABS)
$579
$410
$618
$493
$595
$531
$400
$450
$500
$550
$600
$650
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
$1,000,000
$1,100,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
NSW average repayment Sydney median Overall average repayment
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market-view
Incomes rise, repayments fall, affordability improves and prices rise (ABS)
40.3%
28.2%
39.9%
27.6%
31.7%
33.2%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
$1,000,000
$1,100,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
NSW loan % of Sydney income Sydney median Average NSW loan % of Sydney income
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market-view
Capital city affordability
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market-view
Affordability remains below average in ALL capitals
33.2%
31.6%
29.5%
30.9%30.3%
31.7%
29.6%
25.5%26.1%
24.2%
NSW VIC QLD SA WA
Average Sep-15
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market-view
Indexed affordability declining in most capitals but remains below average
89.3 88.285.2
80.3 80.8
95.6 93.5
86.0 84.479.5
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth
Jun-15 Sep-15
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market-view
Income vs prices measures misleading
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market-view
550
414
31.7%
33.2%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
340
390
440
490
540
590
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Weekly Sydney income as a factor of Sydney price Average income % of price
NSW loan % of Sydney income Average loan % of income
Incomes, prices, loans – which is the effective affordability benchmark? (ABS)
Income factor at record levels ?
But loan proportion still below average!
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market-view
Income versus prices imbalance reflects higher priced capitals (previous peak)
414
355
294
342355
550
412
299
337320
Sydney(538)
Melbourne(404)
Brisbane(313)
Adelaide(376)
Perth(453)
Average Sep-15
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market-view
Higher interest rate exposure puts pressure on prices
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market-view
Sydney home owners higher interest rate vulnerability – just 4.3% (ABS)
32.6%
31.4%
31.7%
4.3%
Non-owners Outright owners
Repayments 30% or less than income Repayments 30% or more than income
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market-view
Households with higher interest rate vulnerability - prices falls modest in correction phase
4.3%2.7%
3.8% 3.6%4.5%
31.7%
35.4%34.1% 34.4%
36.6%
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth
Repayments plus 30% Repayments less 30%
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market-view
National housing market outlook
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market-view
Current state and future prospects of the national housing market
Sydney – sharply down after record growth Auction clearance rates down sharply since record autumn as cycle wanes
Lower activity in budget areas to the west but inner city and middle suburbs still solid
Underlying drivers remain strong
Melbourne - still robust but falling Market rises with local economy but easing since autumn - clearance rates down – now the leading market
Buying now across all regions – not just east - with west and north suburbs reviving strongly
Brisbane - modest and flat Weak year so far as local economy and confidence continue to impede activity – better signs to end year
Mid and higher priced inner and middle suburbs solid – outer north, west and south still flat
Adelaide – solid and steady despite…… Prices growth to exceed last year despite nations worst economy with highest jobless
Resilient market but outer north the clear underperformer
Perth – weak and falling but early signs of flattening out Prices down as local economy deteriorates and sharp end to FIFO but early signs of bottoming
All market segments weaker – short term crisis of confidence sidelining buyers and sellers
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market-view
Housing Market Barometer
12%
2%
1%
0%
0%
Perth 2%
RISING
FALLING
2016 forecasts
4%8%
6%
4%
2%
2%
3%
4%
5%
Boom
Strong
Robust
Solid
Moderate
Moderate
Solid
Robust
Strong
Bust
Flat
Melbourne 5%
Brisbane, Darwin 3%Sydney, Adelaide, Canberra, Hobart 4%
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market-view
The rising tide
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market-view
House price history lesson
• Australian housing markets are historically trend-linked
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth
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market-view
If you require any further information regarding Australian property
market analysis I may be contacted by email at
[email protected] or phone 0427 410 240
For all the real-time housing market insights follow me on twitter at
@DocAndrewWilson
Australian property market analysis
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market-view
Thank you