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ArcGIS Enterprise:
Best Practices for Layers and Service TypesWitt Mathot
Philip Heede
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Agenda
• Introduction and concepts
• Technical foundation
• GIS services – concepts
• GIS services – types
• Web maps & layers
• Summary
This is a nuanced and always evolving topic. Information presented in this session is current as of July 2019 and
ArcGIS Enterprise 10.7.1. Technical details, available options, guidance, and best practices differ from version
to version … important to stay current!
PLEASE NOTE
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Witt Mathot
Introduction & Concepts
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Conceptual components
User Experience
Information Model
Functionality
Storage
Users
Data010100
100100
110100
000101
Apps
DataStores
Portal
GISServers
ArcGIS Products
Storm Viewer App
Storm Dataset
Storm Map
Storm Services
Example
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Initial considerations
• Audience – Where are they? What is their device? What is their ability?
• Capabilities – requisite functionality
• Performance – End user app / back office system
• Scalability – up or out
• Reliability - SLAs
• Security – Access to content, authorization to functionality, protecting back office
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Examples
• Supporting a public facing , highly available, power outage app
• Supporting an internal facing, intermittently connected, field collection app
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Approach
1. Focus on business
2. Start with the end (consumer), build bottom up (data)
3. Align/select technology accordingly
4. Adjust over time – be agile!
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Philip Heede
Technical Foundation
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Conceptual components
User Experience
Information Model
Functionality
Storage
Users
Data010100
100100
110100
000101
Apps
DataStores
Portal
GISServers
ArcGIS Products
Storm Viewer App
Storm Dataset
Storm Map
Storm Services
Example
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Technical introduction
• Publication Clients
- ArcGIS Pro = Modern Web GIS publishing client (supports new capabilities, e.g. Vector Tiles)
- ArcMap = Traditional GIS publishing client
• Publication & Management Models
- Hosted Services = ArcGIS-managed (ArcGIS manages services & data, User via portal)
- Traditional Services = User-managed (User manages data directly)
• Data Stores
- ArcGIS Data Store = Storage for ArcGIS-managed data (supports relational, scenes, and observations)
- Registered Data Stores = Enterprise data sources used by reference (and managed by user)
- File based like file geodatabases or in traditional RDBMS such as enterprise geodatabases based on Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, etc.
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Key concepts
• Features vs. map images
• Tiles
• Caching
• Generalization
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Features vs. map images
Features
Client
Server
geometry: {…}where: {…}outFields: {…}
Request Response
Features(JSON)
Client
Server
extent: {…}imageSize: {…}format: {…}
Map Image
(JPG, PNG)
Map Images
Request Response
• Server-side rendering
• Standard (small) payload size
• Limited client experience & interactivity
• Client-side rendering
• Variable (small-to-large) payload size
• Rich client experience & interactivity
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Tiles
L03
L02
L01
L00 • Tile Content
- Raster
- Vector
• Benefits
- Parallelization (client and/or server)
- Caching …
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Caching
Client Server
File Store Blob Store
Browser Caching (in-memory)
• Pre-Create Cache • Cache On-Demand
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Generalization
• Types
- Douglas-Peucker (Point Remove)
- Quantization
- More … (see help)
• Approaches
- Pre-generalize features
- Generalize on-demand
• Benefits include:
- Performance (processing / bandwidth)
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Witt Mathot
Types of GIS Services
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Types of services
• Map Services (Dynamic)
• Map Services (Tiled)
• Vector Tile Services
• Feature Services
• Image Services
• Scene Services
• Stream Services
• Geocode Services
• Version Management Services
• Geometry Services
• Geoprocessing Services
• Network Analyst Services
• Geodata Services
• Workflow Manager, Maritime, Schematics …
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Map Service (Dynamic)
• Powers the Map Image Layer
• ArcGIS Enterprise only
• User managed data only (not hosted)
• Key Capabilities
- Server-side rendering
- Supports dynamic layers & rendering
- Supports identify & query
- Supports OGC standards* (WMS)
- New at 10.7: support for shared instances
- New at 10.7.1: support for dynamic feature binning with ArcGIS Pro 2.4
The failsafe option for complex, dynamic data … especially on constrained networks
Client
Map Service (Dynamic)
extent: {…}imageSize: {…}format: {…}
...
exportMapImage
Re
qu
est
Re
spo
nse
Map Image
(JPG, PNG)
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Map Service (Tiled or Cached)
• Powers the Tiled Layer
• ArcGIS Online & ArcGIS Enterprise
• ArcGIS or User managed data
• Key Capabilities
- Server-side rendering
- Cached using tiles (pre-create or on-demand)
- Supports taking data offline
- Supports OGC standards* (WMTS)
Proven option for complex, static data with high performance needs
Client
Map Service (Tiled)
getTile
Re
qu
ests
Re
spo
nse
sRaster Tiles
(JPG, PNG)
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
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Vector Tile Service
Client
Vector Tile Service
Re
qu
ests
Re
spo
nse
s
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
getTile
Vector Tiles
(Binary - PBF)
• Powers the Tiled Layer
• ArcGIS Online & ArcGIS Enterprise
• ArcGIS managed data only
• Key Capabilities
- Client-side rendering
- Cached using tiles (pre-create only)
- Pre-generalizes features, clips to tile
- Visualization only, no identify or query
- Supports taking data offline
The new kid on the block … great alternative to tiled map services and, in some cases, feature services
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Vector Tile Service
Client
Vector Tile Service
Re
qu
ests
Re
spo
nse
s
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
getTile
Vector Tiles
(Binary - PBF)
Supports overzooming & indexed tiling scheme
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Witt Mathot
Map Services & Vector Tile Services
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Feature Service
Client
Feature Service
geometry: {…}where: {…}outFields: {…}
...
query
Re
qu
est
Re
spo
nse
Features
(JSON)
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Feature Service• Powers the Feature Layer & Table
• ArcGIS Online & ArcGIS Enterprise
• ArcGIS or User managed
• Key Capabilities
- Client-side rendering
- Supports identify and query
- Supports generalization (on-demand)
- Supports editing
- Supports taking data offline
- Supports some OGC standards* (WFS)
- New at 10.6.1: optimized geometry format (quantization)
- New at 10.7.1: optimized transport format (pbf)
Current standard for dynamic, operational layers & editing
Client
Feature Service
Re
qu
ests
Re
spo
nse
s
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
geometry: {…}where: {…}outFields: {…}
query
Features (in tiles)
(JSON)
...
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Witt Mathot
Feature Services:Tiling & Quantization
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Feature Service• Massive performance benefits realized
by using ArcGIS Enterprise 10.6.1+ along with JS API 3.24+ and JS API 4.7+
- Faster processing on the server
- Significantly smaller payloads transferred over the network because of quantization generalization support
- Faster rendering in particularly web clients (note: JS APIs pre-3.27 and pre-4.9 may require explicit opt-in to WebGL rendering)
• ArcGIS Pro 2.2+ and the Enterprise portal map viewer (from 10.6.1+) makes use of this feature natively
• Additional performance improvements beginning at 10.7.1 for services published from ArcGIS Pro because of use of pbftransport format instead of JSON
Client
Feature Service
Re
qu
ests
Re
spo
nse
s
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
level: {…}row: {…}column: {…}
geometry: {…}where: {…}outFields: {…}
query
Features (in tiles)
10.6.1: JSON w/quantization
10.7.1: PBF w/ quantization
...
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Feature Service (server) vs. Feature Layer (client)
Web Map
Feature Layer (a type of Web Layer)
Feature Service
Layer 0
Layer 1
…
Map Service (Dynamic)
Layer 0
Layer 1
…
More or less the equivalent of
a read-only feature layer
Does not support:
• Editing
• Offline Sync
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Philip Heede
Web Maps & Layers
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Overview of the geoinformation model
Vector
Tabular
Imagery
Big Data
3D
Lidar
Real-Time (IoT)
ArcGIS geoinformation model
Web LayersWeb Maps
Web Scenes
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In practice
Web Map
definitionExpression: {…}renderer: {…}popupInfo: {…}
...
Operational (Web) Layers
baseLayers: {…}referenceLayers: {…}initialExtent: {…}
...
Basemap
background: {…}bookmarks: {…}version: {…}
...
Map Properties
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In practice
Web Layer(s)
GIS Services
Client
1 Get Information Product 2+ Send request to GIS service& apply properties
Web Map
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In practice
Portal GIS Server Data Store
Dataset
GIS Service
GIS Service
GIS Service
Web Layer
Web Layer
Web Layer
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In practice
Portal GIS Server Data Store
DatasetGIS Service
Web Layer
Web Layer
Web Layer
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In practice
Portal GIS Server Data Store
WellsWells
Active Wells
Proposed Wells
Wells by Status
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Smart Mapping – Beautiful Map-Making, Made Easy
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Witt Mathot
Putting It All Together
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Example #1
Content: Imagery Basemap w/ WeatherUse Case: Web-based Visualization
Map Service (Tiled) Map Service (Dynamic)
Web Browser
Raster Tiles Map Image
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Example #2
Content: Street Map w/ Utility DataUse Case: Field mapping (offline)
Vector Tile Service Feature Service
Mobile Device
Vector Tiles Features
Local Runtime DBLocal Tile Cache
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Publication strategy
Performance matters now more than ever
Driven by business & IT requirements- Use case, and user “tolerance”- Data type & update frequency- Network bandwidth- Client device- Compute speed
Your options include …- GIS service type selection- Caching- Generalization- Making use of web map styling features
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Publication strategy
1. Focus on business
2. Start with the end (consumer), build bottom up (data)Understand users & use casesGather requirements (business & IT)
3. Align/Select technology accordingly• Inventory data & architecture• Design data stores & access• Design GIS services• Design geoinformation model
4. Adjust over time – be agile!Monitor!
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Key takeaways
• Good publication strategies ensure that appropriate content is delivered to consumers in a well performing, scalable, reliable, and secure manner
• Take a “Business First” approach, focusing on the consumer
• Leverage ArcGIS Pro as your primary publishing application
• Focus and emphasis needs to be placed on the ArcGIS geoinformation model-web maps and layers provide often overlooked capabilities
• Trends towards Feature and Vector Tile services offer new technical opportunities, but requires considering target client capabilities and server-side version
• Publication is a nuanced and evolving topic that requires research and planning. Do your homework!
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