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ARCH-432
Human Comfort
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Attendance
When was the first recorded example of a bioterrorist attack?
A. France (1210 AD)B. Rome (65 AD)C. Persia (600 BC)D. Egypt (1400 BC)E. Mesopotamia (5200 BC)
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Attendance
C. Persia (600 BC)
During the siege of a City, a Persian King poisoned the well
serving the city with rye ergot, a common mold often found on bread.
Scientists speculate that the Salem witch trials may have been precipitated by the
same mold outbreak, whose symptoms include paranoia, hallucinations and, in
severe cases, death.
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What You Need to Know
Understand the basic terms and principles of human comfortKnow what makes people comfortable and uncomfortable
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What You Need To Be Able To Do
Specify comfortable conditions based upon occupancy, met level and clo valueComfort zone a building
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Terms
ComfortOccupied zonePersonal parameterMet rateClo ValueMean Radiant Temperature (MRT)Temperature zoning
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Comfort
“The condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. A building is considered comfortable when 80% or more of the occupants will find the environment thermally acceptable”
ASHRAE Standard 55-2004
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Comfort
What is ASHRAE? ASHRAE, founded in 1894, is a global society
advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for the built environment.
The Society and its members focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, refrigeration and sustainability within the industry.
They create the standards that all other standards are derived, LEED, Green Building Council, Codes and etc.
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Comfort Concerns
Can be very emotionalCan be very subjectiveCan be very costly
Source: Lincoln Journal and Star
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Comfort v. Productivity
Research from Texas: Building conditions can impact
student achievement by as much as 17%
Any temperature over 74° F harms student’s math and science scores
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Comfort Criteria
Environment Air temperature Radiant
temperature (MRT) Building
orientation Humidity Air speed Noise Lighting
Personal Parameters Clothing (clo) Metabolism (met) Age Size
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Personal Parameters – Met & Clo
Source: Bradshaw reading assignment
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Heat Transfer from Occupants
How do people transfer heat to maintain comfort?
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Personal Parameters
Met (Metabolic Rate) value Human reactions
to met value
Clo value Human reactions
to clo value
How do you change the environment to match the Met and the Clo?
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Clo Value
T F Increasing the Clo value in the winter is a way to save energy in the winter months in Pullman Washington. T F A Clo value corresponds to a person’s ability to gain or lose heat.
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Radon Gas
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Radon Gas
• Cigarette smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Scientists estimate that approximately 15,000 to 22,000 lung cancer deaths per year are related to radon.
• Exposure to the combination of radon gas and cigarette smoke creates a greater risk for lung cancer than either factor alone. The majority of radon-related cancer deaths occur among smokers.
From: National Cancer Institute
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Temperature Zones
At what operating point is any HVAC system most efficient?
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Temperature Zones
Temperature zone = a space or group of spaces within a building with heating and/or cooling requirements sufficiently similar that comfort conditions can be maintained by a single controlling device.
Criteria for a temperature zone?
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Temperature Zones
More zones more cost $?
More zones less cost$?
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Team Problem Solving
Considering initial cost, comfort, activity (met level) and energy conservation, how many different temperature zones should be included on the next slide?
A. 1 to 3B. 4 to 5 C. 6 to 7D. 8+
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One Answer
Zones not colored are unconditioned
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4,800 CFM- 200 CFM- 150 CFM4,450 CFM
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350 CFM
4,450 CFM
820 CFM
4,450 CFM-820 CFM 3,630 CFM
150 CFM-150 CFM 0 CFM
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350 CFM
4,450 CFM
820 CFM 3,630 CFM+ 150 CFM+ 720 CFM4,500 CFM
What happened to the remaining 300 CFM?
Fresh Air at 720 CFM
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350 CFM
4,450 CFM
820 CFM What happened
to the remaining 300 CFM?
Answer : 300 CFMBeing pulled out of instructors dressing room
Fresh Air at 720 CFM
300 CFM
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350 CFM
4,450 CFM
820 CFM
Fresh Air at 720 CFM
300 CFM
- Air Neutral
4,080 CFM
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350 CFM
4,450 CFM
820 CFM
Fresh Air at 920 CFM
100 CFM
+ Air Neutral
3,880 CFM
920 CFM
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Mother Nature
Mother nature MUST balance Herself!
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Temperature Zones
Is there a DB Temperature and RH that would provide the optimal comfort in the spaces you have identified?
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Comfort
ASHRAE Standard 55-2004Usually defined in terms of Temperature (DB) and Relative HumidityLEED Credit EQ 7.1 – Compliance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004
Source: ASHRAE
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Zones with ASHRAE Standard 55
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Zones with ASHRAE Standard 55
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Zones with ASHRAE Standard 55
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Green/High-Performance Rules of Thumb
Winter Move to the left to reduce energy You can move further left if you move
up You can move further left if you
reduce velocity of the air
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Green/High Performance Rules of Thumb
Summer Move to the right to reduce energy You can move further right if you
move down You can move further right if you
increase velocity of the air
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Take-Aways (the ‘Ah-hahs’)
Comfort is a moving targetAim for 80% acceptanceFocus on the criteria you can controlKeep both eyes on ASHRAE-55Zone to optimize performance and comfort