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Arches of foot
• Foot serves two main functions:Support the body weightServe as a lever to propel the body
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Arches of foot
Integrity of foot is maintained by:• Shape of the interlocking bones• Strength of the plantar ligaments• Plantar aponeurosis• Action of Muscles
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Bones of the Arches
Medial: Calcaneum, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and first three metatarsals
Lateral: Calcaneum, cuboid and 4th & 5th
metatarsals
Transverse: Bases of metatarsals, cuboid and three cuneiforms.
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Mechanism of Arch support• Shape: Wedge shaped.
Central stone as keystone.• Staples: Inferior edges of the
stones are tied together.• Tie beam: connecting the
ends to prevent separation of pillars and sagging of the arch.
• Suspension bridge: Multiple supports suspending the arch from the cable above the level of bridge.
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Maintenance of the arches
• Medial: Shape (key stone-talus)Staples: Plantar ligaments, Tendon of
tibialis posteriorTie beam: Plantar aponeurosis, flexor dig. brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis longus, flexor dig. Longus, flexor hallucis brevisSuspension arch: Tibialis anterior, post. And medial ligaments of ankle joint.
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Maintenance of the arches
• Lateral: Shape (key stone-cuboid)Staples: Long and short plantar ligaments, short muscles of foot.Tie beam: Plantar aponeurosis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor dig. brevis &flexor dig. longus (lateral part)Suspension arch: peroneus longus and brevis.
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Maintenance of the arches
• Transverse: Shape Wedge shape cuneiforms & bases of metatarsals.Staples: deep transverse ligaments, plantar ligaments, short muscles of foot (dorsal introssei & adductor hallucis.Tie beam: Tendon of peroneus longusSuspension arch: peroneus longus and brevis.
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Applied anatomy
• Pes planus (flat foot)• Claw foot (pes cavus)• Hallux Valgus• Hammer toe• Club foot (talipes equinovarus)
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