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Arches of foot
• Foot serves two main functions: Support the body weight Serve as a lever to propel the body
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Arches of foot
Integrity of foot is maintained by: • Shape of the interlocking bones • Strength of the plantar ligaments • Plantar aponeurosis • Action of Muscles
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Bones of the Arches
Medial: Calcaneum, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and first three metatarsals
Lateral: Calcaneum, cuboid and 4th & 5th
metatarsals
Transverse: Bases of metatarsals, cuboid and three cuneiforms.
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Mechanism of Arch support • Shape: Wedge shaped.
Central stone as keystone. • Staples: Inferior edges of the
stones are tied together. • Tie beam: connecting the
ends to prevent separation of pillars and sagging of the arch.
• Suspension bridge: Multiple supports suspending the arch from the cable above the level of bridge.
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Maintenance of the arches
• Medial: Shape (key stone-talus) Staples: Plantar ligaments, Tendon of
tibialis posterior Tie beam: Plantar aponeurosis, flexor dig. brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis longus, flexor dig. Longus, flexor hallucis brevis Suspension arch: Tibialis anterior, post. And medial ligaments of ankle joint.
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Maintenance of the arches
• Lateral: Shape (key stone-cuboid) Staples: Long and short plantar ligaments, short muscles of foot. Tie beam: Plantar aponeurosis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor dig. brevis &flexor dig. longus (lateral part) Suspension arch: peroneus longus and brevis.
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Maintenance of the arches
• Transverse: Shape Wedge shape cuneiforms & bases of metatarsals. Staples: deep transverse ligaments, plantar ligaments, short muscles of foot (dorsal introssei & adductor hallucis. Tie beam: Tendon of peroneus longus Suspension arch: peroneus longus and brevis.
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Applied anatomy
• Pes planus (flat foot) • Claw foot (pes cavus) • Hallux Valgus • Hammer toe • Club foot (talipes equinovarus)
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