![Page 1: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb
Muscles of Two Guenon Species
Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb
Muscles of Two Guenon Species
![Page 2: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IntroductionIntroduction The investigation: can muscle architectural The investigation: can muscle architectural
differences be recognized as the correlates differences be recognized as the correlates of particular locomotor habits?of particular locomotor habits?
![Page 3: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Muscle ArchitectureMuscle Architecture
![Page 4: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Species:The Species:
Cercopithecus aethiops C. ascanius
![Page 7: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Muscles of the HindlimbMuscles of the Hindlimb
Gluteal groupGluteal group Gluteus superficialisGluteus superficialis Gluteus mediusGluteus medius Gluteus minimusGluteus minimus
HamstringsHamstrings Biceps femorisBiceps femoris Semi-membranosusSemi-membranosus Semi-tendinosusSemi-tendinosus
![Page 8: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Morphometrics Morphometrics Length of the fasciculus between Length of the fasciculus between
the proximal myotendinous junction the proximal myotendinous junction and the distal myotendinous and the distal myotendinous junction (lf) junction (lf)
The perpendicular distance from the The perpendicular distance from the tendon of insertion to the proximal tendon of insertion to the proximal attachment of fasciculus (a) attachment of fasciculus (a)
Length of tendon from the proximal Length of tendon from the proximal attachment (tp )attachment (tp )
Length of the tendon of distal Length of the tendon of distal attachment (td)attachment (td)
![Page 9: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sarcomere LengthsSarcomere Lengths
![Page 10: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Angles of Pinnation Angles of Pinnation
![Page 11: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Variables Calculated to Estimate Output Potential of the MusclesVariables Calculated to Estimate Output Potential of the Muscles
Reduced physiological cross-sectional area Reduced physiological cross-sectional area RPCA (sq cms) = (mass x cos RPCA (sq cms) = (mass x cos / lf (cms) x specific density/ lf (cms) x specific density
Mass/predicted effective maximal tetanic tension Mass/predicted effective maximal tetanic tension m/po, where po m/po, where po 2.3 newtons x RPCA 2.3 newtons x RPCA
Estimated maximum excursion of distal tendon of Estimated maximum excursion of distal tendon of attachmentattachment h = lf (cos h = lf (cos - ( - (cos cos + n + n22 - 1) - 1)
Tendon length/fasciculus length+tendon length Tendon length/fasciculus length+tendon length lt/lf + ltlt/lf + lt
![Page 12: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Gluteussuperficialis
anterior
Gluteussuperficialis
posterior
Gluteusmedius
Gluteusminimus
BicepsFemoris
Semimem-branosus
Semi-tendinosus
Vervets
Red-tails
Mass/poMass/po
![Page 13: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Estimated ExcursionEstimated Excursion
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Gluteussuperficialis
anterior
Gluteussuperficialis
posterior
Gluteusmedius
Gluteusminimus
BicepsFemoris
Semimem-branosus
Semi-tendinosus
Vervets
Red-tails
![Page 14: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tendon PercentageTendon Percentage
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Gluteussuperficialis
anterior
Gluteussuperficialis
posterior
Gluteusmedius
Gluteusminimus
BicepsFemoris
Semimem-branosus
Semi-tendinosus
Vervets
Red-tails
![Page 15: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RpcaRpca
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Gluteussuperficialis
anterior
Gluteussuperficialis
posterior
Gluteusmedius
Gluteusminimus
BicepsFemoris
Semimem-branosus
Semi-tendinosus
Vervets
Red-tails
![Page 16: Architectural Correlates of Locomotion in the Hindlimb Muscles of Two Guenon Species](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56813160550346895d97d74d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
•Conclusions•Conclusions Between group differences:Between group differences: intermuscular variability intermuscular variability
greater among gluteal muscles than among hamstrings.greater among gluteal muscles than among hamstrings.
Interspecific differences:Interspecific differences: - Higher relative values for RPCA of gluteus medius than - Higher relative values for RPCA of gluteus medius than
g. Minimus in vervets related to demands of ground g. Minimus in vervets related to demands of ground quadrupedalism. quadrupedalism.
- In vervets muscles are designed for higher velocities, - In vervets muscles are designed for higher velocities, but greater force generation in red-tails.but greater force generation in red-tails.
- Vervet muscles designed more for isotonic contraction, - Vervet muscles designed more for isotonic contraction, by contrast to more isometric use in red-tails.by contrast to more isometric use in red-tails.