In CAPITALS
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Architecture and transport for mobile broadband backhaul
Kåre Gustafsson Ericsson Research
2010-11-04
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outline
› Technology and market drivers
› Link technologies
› Backhauling of Heterogeneous Networks
› Main remote connection technology
› Sync issues in mobile broadband backhauling
› Summary
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Introduction
Architectural view of scope
MetroEthernet
BTS
3G Node B
2G BTS
RBS Site
Site
Infrastr. Microwave
Fiber
Copper
Switch/core site
Site infrastructure
Mobile Backhaul
SIU
BTS
LTE eNodeB
BSC
RNC
CPG
Reference network
MME
Radio Transport Radio
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Radio Drivers for transport network modernization
Subscription forecast
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
2013200920052001199719931989
Mill
ion
s
GSM
WCDMA
LTE
Subscription forecast
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
2013200920052001199719931989
Mill
ion
s
GSM
WCDMA
LTE
GSMGSM
WCDMAWCDMA
LTE
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The Beginning of Mobile Broadband
Voice
HSPA
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jan
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Date
Tra
ffic
per
RN
C, G
row
th f
acto
r
Speech traffic DCH Packet traffic HS Packet traffic
CS64 traffic Others traffic Total trafficMobile Broadband will require packet technologies
Both in Radio and in Mobile Backhaul
Mobile Broadband will require packet technologies
Both in Radio and in Mobile BackhaulMobile Broadband will require packet technologies
Both in Radio and in Backhaul
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The Backhaul Situation
› Globally
– 48% micro wave
– 37 % fiber
– 15 % Copper
› Large regional variations
– Fiber common in China, Korea, Japan
– Microwave dominant in India and strong in Europe
– Copper dominant in US
› Variations depending on operator type
– Incumbent has own backhaul and „access to L1‟ control of delay
– Non-incumbent rents backhaul and has „access to L2‟ less control
› Microwave Ethernet and Fiber dominate new macro installations
Global L1 Backhaul Technology Forecast
Microwave
Copper
Fiber
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
End 2007 End 2008 End 2009 End 2010 End 2011 End 2012 End 2013
Perc
en
tag
e o
f C
ell
Sit
es
Source: heavy reading
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TRANSFORMATION SCENARIOS –towards packet transport
Co
nn
ectio
ns
Time
Ethernet
transport
TDM
Ethernet introduced to new sites
ATM phase out TDM phase out
TDM
transport
Packet only
Native Ethernet,
CES(TDM)
Hybrid
Native TDM,
Native Ethernet
TDM only
PDH, SDH,
NG-SDH,
Ethernet/PDH
TDM
transport
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outline
› Technology and market drivers
› Link technologies
› Backhauling of Heterogeneous Networks
› Main remote connection technology
› Sync in mobile broadband backhauling
› Summary
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High capacity microwave links
› 1 Gbps, 2,5 Gbps and higher can be reached
› Future-proof microwave solution for LTE and LTE-Advanced
› Optical Ethernet interface
› 70/80 GHz channel (E-band)
› FDD RF interface
› Live Gb test link has been running for 1,5 years
Microwave capacity will not be a bottleneck
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Bonded and vectorized VDSL2
Bitrate on Line 1 Bonding rate
200 400 600 800 1000 1200250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Reach (m)
Bitra
te M
bit/s
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 120030
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Reach (m)
Bitr
ate
Mbi
t/s
Vectoring
No Vectoring
VDSL2 can reach 500 Mbps over 600 m using bonding
and vectoring technologies
Existing Cu infrastructure can handle high capacities
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outline
› Technology and market drivers
› Link technologies
› Backhauling of Heterogeneous Networks
› Main remote connection technology
› Sync in mobile broadband backhauling
› Summary
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When to Do What?
Enhanced macro site› Most straightforward - first step
› Uniform capacity and coverage
› Limited potential
More dense macro layer› Long term solution for uniform
coverage and capacity enhancements
› Limited by site availability
Additional low-power nodes› Especially for non-uniform traffic demand
› Avoids need for additional macro sites
Higher
data rates
Higher area capacity
Very high
data ratesVery high capacity
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Heterogeneous networks – Different approaches
Conventional Pico RBS
• Main part of processing locally at “pico” site
• Conventional backhaul (copper, fiber, -
wave, …)
Relay• Main part of processing locally at “pico”
site
• Backhaul using cellular radio-
access/spectrum
• Backhaul consumes cellular spectrum
RRU
• Mainly radio at “pico” site, main part of
processing centralized (e.g. at macro site)
• High-speed fiber-based backhaul
Pico processing
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Wireless backhaul?
Densification of radio networks will happen ~2015 and beyond.
› Many bottlenecks in MBB networks
– cell edge and uplink capacity
– indoor coverage
› Heterogenous radio networks
– Initial deployment of macro for coverage
– Pico and relay basestations for incremental
capacity growth and extended coverage
› Order of 100 meters inter-site distances
› Fast roll-out of pico relays, with later roll-out of dedicated
transport to the highly loaded relays.
– Hierarchical radio structures to handle inter-cell interference and
resource management
› Low delay required on X2, and time/phase sync
Pico cell Y
Pico cell W
Pico cell Z
Pico cell X
Macro cell
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outline
› Technology and market drivers
› Link technologies
› Backhauling of Heterogeneous Networks
› Main remote connection technology
› Sync issues in mobile broadband backhauling
› Summary
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Use case for main-remote connectionover GPON infrastructure
FTTH
Central
Node
λ converter
CWDM MUX/ DEMUX
MU
Ethernet switch
Add dropAdd drop
λ converter
MUX/ DEMUX
RR
U
RR
U
RR
U
RR
U
Ethernet switch
Add dropAdd drop
dropdrop
λ converter
MUX/ DEMUX
RR
U
RR
U
RR
U
GPON
Node
λ converter
CWDM MUX/ DEMUX
MU
Central Office
LT
E
Main-remote solution
Optical Fiber carrying
GPON and M-R traffic
Add/drop traffic to/from RRU:s
1…4
BBA
BBA
3 4
2
1
{1…4; BBA}
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Main-remote connectionsover gPON Infrastructure
Converged Access Network
Distributed Split
1:41:8
Iub
1550 1270
RRU-W
1490
CN
1310
Router
WBF-1
1270
1550
RBS
DSLAM
VDSL2
CPE
MU
WDM1
10G ONT
10G OLT
10G ONT
1550
1270
1490
1310
1490149014901550
1270 1310
Video
ServerVideo
Server
OLTMU
High speed fixed & mobile access
infrastructure convergence using
GPON to support:
–Fixed residential and business FTTH
users
–Bonded VDSL2 over GPON
connections
–CPRI MU-RRU links for RBSs
RRU
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Text
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Public | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-11-04 | Page 18
outline
› Technology and market drivers
› Link technologies
› Backhauling of Heterogeneous Networks
› Main remote connection technology
› Sync issues in mobile broadband backhauling
› Summary
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30 pt
Text
18 pt
5
16 pt
Public | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-11-04 | Page 19
Importance of synchronization in Mobile Backhaul
Synchronization (frequency, time-phase or both) is a key aspect in mobile broadband backhaul networks to support:
– the services carried over the packet network (including proper interworking with legacy TDM networks)
– the end-application operations, such as radio base stations.
MetroEthernet
BTS
3G Node B
2G BTS
RBS Site
Site
Infrastr. Microwave
Fiber
Copper
Switch/core site
Site infrastructure
Mobile Backhaul
SIU
BTS
LTE eNodeB
BSC
RNC
CPG
Reference network
MME
Radio Transport Radio
MetroEthernet
BTS
3G Node B
2G BTS
RBS Site
Site
Infrastr. Microwave
Fiber
Copper
Switch/core site
Site infrastructure
Mobile Backhaul
SIUSIU
BTS
LTE eNodeB
BSCBSC
RNCRNC
CPGCPG
Reference network
MMEMME
Radio Transport Radio
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Sync Technology Highlights
SyncE to become an established technology also in Mobile backhaul
(frequency sync only, but may be used to aid IEEE1588 for time
delivery).
Some limitations in multi-operator scenarios
Increased need to deliver accurate phase-time synchronization
PTP (IEEE1588) being specified for Telecom
Frequency Telecom Profile just released; time sync profile being
discussed
Access technologies are challenging environments to deliver
accurate time due to intrinsic asymmetry (e.g. GPON ; xDSL)
Sync solutions for CoMP, CPRI, wireless backhaul in heterogeneous
NW requires careful analysis
Scheduling
coordination
Coordination
Joint transmission
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Summary - conclusions
With the rollout of Long Term Evolution the capacity of the radio access
network backhaul needs to be upgraded to 100–150 Mb/s. Next generation
mobile networks, such as LTE Release 10, will increase the requirement for
backhaul capacity to gigabits per second.
The need for increased capacity and decreased cost per transported bit
drives packet-based mobile backhaul capacity boosts over microwave,
copper and fiber. Backhaul link technologies will not be a bottleneck for
Mobile Broadband Traffic.
Variations of backhaul deployment depending on operator type
Converged versus mobile only operator
Possibility to use existing infrastructure (Fiber and Copper)
Microwave Ethernet and Fiber will dominate new backhaul installations
Proper sync solutions are one key aspect for a succesfull deployment of next
generation mobile backhaul networks