Download - Are North Carolina Cities Sustainable?
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Are North Carolina Cities Sustainable?Adrian MooreVice PresidentReason Foundation
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Why Are We Here?
NCPopChg
3792.92087.2
48411791.4
5500.62548.7
58022605
Metropolitan Areas
Rural Areas
Thousands
Population of North Carolina
PopGrowth
0.4297375895
0.5297002294
0.2480835569
Population Growth Rates in North Carolina: 1980-2003
PopShare
2009.1
517.8
Share of Population Growth:Metropolitan Areas v. Rural Areas
Counties
Sq. MilesThousandsPeople Per Square Mile
CountyMetro AreaLand AreaPop 1980Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2003ChangeChg80-03Density80Density03
BuncombeAshville656160.9174.6206.321352.132.4%245325
HaywoodAshville55446.5463.954558.518.3%8499
HendersonAshville37458.669.789.29435.460.4%157251
MadisonAshville44916.816.919.6203.219.0%3745
AnsonCharlotte53225.623.525.325-0.6-2.3%4847
CabarrusCharlotte36485.998.9131.114357.166.5%236393
GastonCharlotte356162.6174.8190.419330.416.0%1,0891,104
MecklenburgCharlotte526404.3511.2695.5752347.786.0%7691,430
UnionCharlotte63770.484.2123.714675.6107.4%111229
York (SC)Charlotte682106.7131.5164.617871.366.8%156261
ChathamDurham68333.438.949.35521.664.7%4981
DurhamDurham290152.2181.8223.323784.855.7%525817
OrangeDurham40077.193.711811840.953.0%193295
PersonDurham39229.230.235.6377.826.7%7494
CumberlandFayetteville653247.2274.7302.930456.823.0%379466
HokeFayetteville39120.422.933.63817.686.3%5297
WayneGoldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%176204
GuilfordGreensboro649317.2347.4421434116.836.8%489669
RandalphGreensboro78791.3106.6130.513543.747.9%116172
RockinghamGreensboro56683.486.191.9939.611.5%147164
GreeneGreenville26516.115.419203.924.2%6175
PittGreenville65290.1108.5133.813948.954.3%138213
AlexanderHickory-Lenoir2602527.533.6351040.0%96135
BurkeHickory-Lenoir50772.575.789.19017.524.1%143178
CaldwellHickory-Lenoir47267.770.777.47911.316.7%143167
CatawbaHickory-Lenoir400105.2118.4141.714741.839.7%263368
OnslowJacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%147193
FranklinRaleigh-Cary49230.136.447.35221.972.8%61106
JohnstonRaleigh-Cary79270.681.312213766.494.1%89173
WakeRaleigh-Cary832301.4426.3627.8696394.6130.9%362837
EdgecombeRocky Mount5055656.755.655-1-1.8%111109
NashRocky Mount54067.276.787.49022.833.9%124167
BrunswickWilmington85535.85173.18246.2129.1%4296
New HanoverWilmington199103.5120.3160.316864.562.3%520844
PenderWilmington87122.328.941.14421.797.3%2651
DavieWinston-Salem26524.627.934.83712.450.4%93140
ForsythWinston-Salem410243.7265.6306.131874.330.5%594776
StokesWinston-Salem45233.137.244.74511.936.0%73100
YadkinWinston-Salem33628.430.536.3378.630.3%85110
North Carolina
State48,7115,880.16,632.48,049.38,407.02,52743.0%121173
Metro Area20,3663,7934,8415,5015,8022,00953.0%186285
Rural28,3452,0871,7912,5492,60551824.8%7492
% Metro41.8%64.5%73.0%68.3%69.0%79.5%
citydensity
2414.3623607099
2093.023255814
2187.2015281757
2766.1431064572
1744.7199265381
People Per Square Mile
Population Density of Major North Carolina Cities: 2003
travtime
2127.9
25.144.1
23.933
2135
Auto Travel Time
Transit Travel Time
Travel Time in Minutes
Travel Time for Work Trips: Automobile v. Public Transit
GroDistn
582
638
789
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth in North Carolina: 1980-2003
Metro
Metro AreaLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity80Density03Auto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Ashville2033282.8725.1369.138299.235.1%1391882127.932.9%
Charlotte3097855.51024.11330.61437581.568.0%27646425.144.175.7%
Durham1765291.9344.6426.2447155.153.1%16525323.93338.1%
Fayetteville1044267.6297.6336.534274.427.8%25632821.249.7134.4%
Goldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%17620421.125.621.3%
Greensboro2002491.9540.1643.4662170.134.6%24633121.736.869.6%
Greenville917106.2123.9152.815952.849.7%11617320.320.51.0%
Hickory-Lenoir1639270.4292.3341.835180.629.8%16521420.841.197.6%
Jacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%14719320.626.126.7%
Raleigh-Cary2116402.1544797.1885482.9120.1%19041823.93338.1%
Rocky Mount1045123.2133.414314521.817.7%11813921.625.317.1%
Wilmington1925161.6200.2274.5294132.481.9%84153213566.7%
Winston-Salem1463329.8361.2421.9437107.232.5%225299
NC Total203663792.948415500.658022009.121.933.251.8%
U.S. Average20.835.972.6%
Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity00Density03Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Density00
Ashville40.95466.268.91,6850Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.12,409
Cary42.121.745.594.52,2450Cary42.121.745.594.52,245
Charlotte242.3315.5427540.8585269.585.4%2,2322,414Charlotte242.3315.5427540.82,232
Durham94.6101.2148.518719896.895.7%1,9772,093Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.92,138
Fayetteville58.859.5112.612112464.5108.4%2,0582,109Fayetteville58.859.5112.61212,058
Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.922973.447.2%2,1382,187Durham94.6101.2148.51871,977
Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.1317166.7110.9%2,4092,766Wilmington414456.175.81,849
Wilmington414456.175.81,8490Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.81,706
Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.819058.144.0%1,7061,745Ashville40.95466.268.91,685
Other Representative CitiesAuto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Columbus (OH)Charlotte2,414Ashville2127.9
Durham2,093Charlotte25.144.1
Greensboro2,187Raleigh-Durham23.933
Raleigh2,766Wilmington2135
Winston-Salem1,745
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth
Charlotte582
Raliegh-Durham638
Other Metro Areas789
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Does Growth Threaten North Carolinas Future?Understand growth in North CarolinaExamine Sustainability and Smart Growth, and their implications for North CarolinaDiscuss the implications for growth management in North Carolina cities and metropolitan areas
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North Carolinas Growth is Metropolitan Growth
NCPopChg
3792.92087.2
48411791.4
5500.62548.7
58022605
Metropolitan Areas
Rural Areas
Population of North Carolina
PopGrowth
0.4297375895
0.5297002294
0.2480835569
Population Growth Rates in North Carolina: 1980-2003
PopShare
2009.1
517.8
Share of Population Growth:Metropolitan Areas v. Rural Areas
Counties
Sq. MilesThousandsPeople Per Square Mile
CountyMetro AreaLand AreaPop 1980Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2003ChangeChg80-03Density80Density03
BuncombeAshville656160.9174.6206.321352.132.4%245325
HaywoodAshville55446.5463.954558.518.3%8499
HendersonAshville37458.669.789.29435.460.4%157251
MadisonAshville44916.816.919.6203.219.0%3745
AnsonCharlotte53225.623.525.325-0.6-2.3%4847
CabarrusCharlotte36485.998.9131.114357.166.5%236393
GastonCharlotte356162.6174.8190.419330.416.0%1,0891,104
MecklenburgCharlotte526404.3511.2695.5752347.786.0%7691,430
UnionCharlotte63770.484.2123.714675.6107.4%111229
York (SC)Charlotte682106.7131.5164.617871.366.8%156261
ChathamDurham68333.438.949.35521.664.7%4981
DurhamDurham290152.2181.8223.323784.855.7%525817
OrangeDurham40077.193.711811840.953.0%193295
PersonDurham39229.230.235.6377.826.7%7494
CumberlandFayetteville653247.2274.7302.930456.823.0%379466
HokeFayetteville39120.422.933.63817.686.3%5297
WayneGoldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%176204
GuilfordGreensboro649317.2347.4421434116.836.8%489669
RandalphGreensboro78791.3106.6130.513543.747.9%116172
RockinghamGreensboro56683.486.191.9939.611.5%147164
GreeneGreenville26516.115.419203.924.2%6175
PittGreenville65290.1108.5133.813948.954.3%138213
AlexanderHickory-Lenoir2602527.533.6351040.0%96135
BurkeHickory-Lenoir50772.575.789.19017.524.1%143178
CaldwellHickory-Lenoir47267.770.777.47911.316.7%143167
CatawbaHickory-Lenoir400105.2118.4141.714741.839.7%263368
OnslowJacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%147193
FranklinRaleigh-Cary49230.136.447.35221.972.8%61106
JohnstonRaleigh-Cary79270.681.312213766.494.1%89173
WakeRaleigh-Cary832301.4426.3627.8696394.6130.9%362837
EdgecombeRocky Mount5055656.755.655-1-1.8%111109
NashRocky Mount54067.276.787.49022.833.9%124167
BrunswickWilmington85535.85173.18246.2129.1%4296
New HanoverWilmington199103.5120.3160.316864.562.3%520844
PenderWilmington87122.328.941.14421.797.3%2651
DavieWinston-Salem26524.627.934.83712.450.4%93140
ForsythWinston-Salem410243.7265.6306.131874.330.5%594776
StokesWinston-Salem45233.137.244.74511.936.0%73100
YadkinWinston-Salem33628.430.536.3378.630.3%85110
North Carolina
State48,7115,880.16,632.48,049.38,407.02,52743.0%121173
Metro Area20,3663,7934,8415,5015,8022,00953.0%186285
Rural28,3452,0871,7912,5492,60551824.8%7492
% Metro41.8%64.5%73.0%68.3%69.0%79.5%
citydensity
2414.3623607099
2093.023255814
2187.2015281757
2766.1431064572
1744.7199265381
People Per Square Mile
Population Density of Major North Carolina Cities: 2003
travtime
2127.9
25.144.1
23.933
2135
Auto Travel Time
Transit Travel Time
Travel Time in Minutes
Travel Time for Work Trips: Automobile v. Public Transit
GroDistn
582
638
170
619
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth in North Carolina: 1980-2003
Metro
Metro AreaLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity80Density03Auto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Ashville2033282.8725.1369.138299.235.1%1391882127.932.9%
Charlotte3097855.51024.11330.61437581.568.0%27646425.144.175.7%
Durham1765291.9344.6426.2447155.153.1%16525323.93338.1%
Fayetteville1044267.6297.6336.534274.427.8%25632821.249.7134.4%
Goldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%17620421.125.621.3%
Greensboro2002491.9540.1643.4662170.134.6%24633121.736.869.6%
Greenville917106.2123.9152.815952.849.7%11617320.320.51.0%
Hickory-Lenoir1639270.4292.3341.835180.629.8%16521420.841.197.6%
Jacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%14719320.626.126.7%
Raleigh-Cary2116402.1544797.1885482.9120.1%19041823.93338.1%
Rocky Mount1045123.2133.414314521.817.7%11813921.625.317.1%
Wilmington1925161.6200.2274.5294132.481.9%84153213566.7%
Winston-Salem1463329.8361.2421.9437107.232.5%225299
NC Total203663792.948415500.658022009.121.933.251.8%
U.S. Average20.835.972.6%
Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity00Density03Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Density00
Ashville40.95466.268.91,6850Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.12,409
Cary42.121.745.594.52,2450Cary42.121.745.594.52,245
Charlotte242.3315.5427540.8585269.585.4%2,2322,414Charlotte242.3315.5427540.82,232
Durham94.6101.2148.518719896.895.7%1,9772,093Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.92,138
Fayetteville58.859.5112.612112464.5108.4%2,0582,109Fayetteville58.859.5112.61212,058
Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.922973.447.2%2,1382,187Durham94.6101.2148.51871,977
Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.1317166.7110.9%2,4092,766Wilmington414456.175.81,849
Wilmington414456.175.81,8490Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.81,706
Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.819058.144.0%1,7061,745Ashville40.95466.268.91,685
Other Representative CitiesAuto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Columbus (OH)Charlotte2,414Ashville2127.9
Durham2,093Charlotte25.144.1
Greensboro2,187Raleigh-Durham23.933
Raleigh2,766Wilmington2135
Winston-Salem1,745
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth
Charlotte582
Raliegh-Durham638
Greensboro170
Other Metro Areas619
-
Growth is Concentrated in Two Metropolitan Areas
NCPopChg
3792.92087.2
48411791.4
5500.62548.7
58022605
Metropolitan Areas
Rural Areas
Population of North Carolina
PopGrowth
0.4297375895
0.5297002294
0.2480835569
Population Growth Rates in North Carolina: 1980-2003
PopShare
2009.1
517.8
Share of Population Growth:Metropolitan Areas v. Rural Areas
Counties
Sq. MilesThousandsPeople Per Square Mile
CountyMetro AreaLand AreaPop 1980Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2003ChangeChg80-03Density80Density03
BuncombeAshville656160.9174.6206.321352.132.4%245325
HaywoodAshville55446.5463.954558.518.3%8499
HendersonAshville37458.669.789.29435.460.4%157251
MadisonAshville44916.816.919.6203.219.0%3745
AnsonCharlotte53225.623.525.325-0.6-2.3%4847
CabarrusCharlotte36485.998.9131.114357.166.5%236393
GastonCharlotte356162.6174.8190.419330.416.0%1,0891,104
MecklenburgCharlotte526404.3511.2695.5752347.786.0%7691,430
UnionCharlotte63770.484.2123.714675.6107.4%111229
York (SC)Charlotte682106.7131.5164.617871.366.8%156261
ChathamDurham68333.438.949.35521.664.7%4981
DurhamDurham290152.2181.8223.323784.855.7%525817
OrangeDurham40077.193.711811840.953.0%193295
PersonDurham39229.230.235.6377.826.7%7494
CumberlandFayetteville653247.2274.7302.930456.823.0%379466
HokeFayetteville39120.422.933.63817.686.3%5297
WayneGoldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%176204
GuilfordGreensboro649317.2347.4421434116.836.8%489669
RandalphGreensboro78791.3106.6130.513543.747.9%116172
RockinghamGreensboro56683.486.191.9939.611.5%147164
GreeneGreenville26516.115.419203.924.2%6175
PittGreenville65290.1108.5133.813948.954.3%138213
AlexanderHickory-Lenoir2602527.533.6351040.0%96135
BurkeHickory-Lenoir50772.575.789.19017.524.1%143178
CaldwellHickory-Lenoir47267.770.777.47911.316.7%143167
CatawbaHickory-Lenoir400105.2118.4141.714741.839.7%263368
OnslowJacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%147193
FranklinRaleigh-Cary49230.136.447.35221.972.8%61106
JohnstonRaleigh-Cary79270.681.312213766.494.1%89173
WakeRaleigh-Cary832301.4426.3627.8696394.6130.9%362837
EdgecombeRocky Mount5055656.755.655-1-1.8%111109
NashRocky Mount54067.276.787.49022.833.9%124167
BrunswickWilmington85535.85173.18246.2129.1%4296
New HanoverWilmington199103.5120.3160.316864.562.3%520844
PenderWilmington87122.328.941.14421.797.3%2651
DavieWinston-Salem26524.627.934.83712.450.4%93140
ForsythWinston-Salem410243.7265.6306.131874.330.5%594776
StokesWinston-Salem45233.137.244.74511.936.0%73100
YadkinWinston-Salem33628.430.536.3378.630.3%85110
North Carolina
State48,7115,880.16,632.48,049.38,407.02,52743.0%121173
Metro Area20,3663,7934,8415,5015,8022,00953.0%186285
Rural28,3452,0871,7912,5492,60551824.8%7492
% Metro41.8%64.5%73.0%68.3%69.0%79.5%
citydensity
2414.3623607099
2093.023255814
2187.2015281757
2766.1431064572
1744.7199265381
People Per Square Mile
Population Density of Major North Carolina Cities: 2003
travtime
2127.9
25.144.1
23.933
2135
Auto Travel Time
Transit Travel Time
Travel Time in Minutes
Travel Time for Work Trips: Automobile v. Public Transit
GroDistn
582
638
170
619
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth in North Carolina: 1980-2003
Metro
Metro AreaLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity80Density03Auto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Ashville2033282.8725.1369.138299.235.1%1391882127.932.9%
Charlotte3097855.51024.11330.61437581.568.0%27646425.144.175.7%
Durham1765291.9344.6426.2447155.153.1%16525323.93338.1%
Fayetteville1044267.6297.6336.534274.427.8%25632821.249.7134.4%
Goldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%17620421.125.621.3%
Greensboro2002491.9540.1643.4662170.134.6%24633121.736.869.6%
Greenville917106.2123.9152.815952.849.7%11617320.320.51.0%
Hickory-Lenoir1639270.4292.3341.835180.629.8%16521420.841.197.6%
Jacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%14719320.626.126.7%
Raleigh-Cary2116402.1544797.1885482.9120.1%19041823.93338.1%
Rocky Mount1045123.2133.414314521.817.7%11813921.625.317.1%
Wilmington1925161.6200.2274.5294132.481.9%84153213566.7%
Winston-Salem1463329.8361.2421.9437107.232.5%225299
NC Total203663792.948415500.658022009.121.933.251.8%
U.S. Average20.835.972.6%
Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity00Density03Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Density00
Ashville40.95466.268.91,6850Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.12,409
Cary42.121.745.594.52,2450Cary42.121.745.594.52,245
Charlotte242.3315.5427540.8585269.585.4%2,2322,414Charlotte242.3315.5427540.82,232
Durham94.6101.2148.518719896.895.7%1,9772,093Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.92,138
Fayetteville58.859.5112.612112464.5108.4%2,0582,109Fayetteville58.859.5112.61212,058
Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.922973.447.2%2,1382,187Durham94.6101.2148.51871,977
Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.1317166.7110.9%2,4092,766Wilmington414456.175.81,849
Wilmington414456.175.81,8490Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.81,706
Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.819058.144.0%1,7061,745Ashville40.95466.268.91,685
Other Representative CitiesAuto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Columbus (OH)Charlotte2,414Ashville2127.9
Durham2,093Charlotte25.144.1
Greensboro2,187Raleigh-Durham23.933
Raleigh2,766Wilmington2135
Winston-Salem1,745
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth
Charlotte582
Raliegh-Durham638
Greensboro170
Other Metro Areas619
-
North Carolina Citys Have Suburban Densities
NCPopChg
3792.92087.2
48411791.4
5500.62548.7
58022605
Metropolitan Areas
Rural Areas
Population of North Carolina
PopGrowth
0.4297375895
0.5297002294
0.2480835569
Population Growth Rates in North Carolina: 1980-2003
PopShare
2009.1
517.8
Share of Population Growth:Metropolitan Areas v. Rural Areas
Counties
Sq. MilesThousandsPeople Per Square Mile
CountyMetro AreaLand AreaPop 1980Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2003ChangeChg80-03Density80Density03
BuncombeAshville656160.9174.6206.321352.132.4%245325
HaywoodAshville55446.5463.954558.518.3%8499
HendersonAshville37458.669.789.29435.460.4%157251
MadisonAshville44916.816.919.6203.219.0%3745
AnsonCharlotte53225.623.525.325-0.6-2.3%4847
CabarrusCharlotte36485.998.9131.114357.166.5%236393
GastonCharlotte356162.6174.8190.419330.416.0%1,0891,104
MecklenburgCharlotte526404.3511.2695.5752347.786.0%7691,430
UnionCharlotte63770.484.2123.714675.6107.4%111229
York (SC)Charlotte682106.7131.5164.617871.366.8%156261
ChathamDurham68333.438.949.35521.664.7%4981
DurhamDurham290152.2181.8223.323784.855.7%525817
OrangeDurham40077.193.711811840.953.0%193295
PersonDurham39229.230.235.6377.826.7%7494
CumberlandFayetteville653247.2274.7302.930456.823.0%379466
HokeFayetteville39120.422.933.63817.686.3%5297
WayneGoldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%176204
GuilfordGreensboro649317.2347.4421434116.836.8%489669
RandalphGreensboro78791.3106.6130.513543.747.9%116172
RockinghamGreensboro56683.486.191.9939.611.5%147164
GreeneGreenville26516.115.419203.924.2%6175
PittGreenville65290.1108.5133.813948.954.3%138213
AlexanderHickory-Lenoir2602527.533.6351040.0%96135
BurkeHickory-Lenoir50772.575.789.19017.524.1%143178
CaldwellHickory-Lenoir47267.770.777.47911.316.7%143167
CatawbaHickory-Lenoir400105.2118.4141.714741.839.7%263368
OnslowJacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%147193
FranklinRaleigh-Cary49230.136.447.35221.972.8%61106
JohnstonRaleigh-Cary79270.681.312213766.494.1%89173
WakeRaleigh-Cary832301.4426.3627.8696394.6130.9%362837
EdgecombeRocky Mount5055656.755.655-1-1.8%111109
NashRocky Mount54067.276.787.49022.833.9%124167
BrunswickWilmington85535.85173.18246.2129.1%4296
New HanoverWilmington199103.5120.3160.316864.562.3%520844
PenderWilmington87122.328.941.14421.797.3%2651
DavieWinston-Salem26524.627.934.83712.450.4%93140
ForsythWinston-Salem410243.7265.6306.131874.330.5%594776
StokesWinston-Salem45233.137.244.74511.936.0%73100
YadkinWinston-Salem33628.430.536.3378.630.3%85110
North Carolina
State48,7115,880.16,632.48,049.38,407.02,52743.0%121173
Metro Area20,3663,7934,8415,5015,8022,00953.0%186285
Rural28,3452,0871,7912,5492,60551824.8%7492
% Metro41.8%64.5%73.0%68.3%69.0%79.5%
citydensity
2414.3623607099
2093.023255814
2187.2015281757
2766.1431064572
1744.7199265381
People Per Square Mile
Population Density of Major North Carolina Cities: 2003
travtime
2127.9
25.144.1
23.933
2135
Auto Travel Time
Transit Travel Time
Travel Time in Minutes
Travel Time for Work Trips: Automobile v. Public Transit
GroDistn
582
638
170
619
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth in North Carolina: 1980-2003
Metro
Metro AreaLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity80Density03Auto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Ashville2033282.8725.1369.138299.235.1%1391882127.932.9%
Charlotte3097855.51024.11330.61437581.568.0%27646425.144.175.7%
Durham1765291.9344.6426.2447155.153.1%16525323.93338.1%
Fayetteville1044267.6297.6336.534274.427.8%25632821.249.7134.4%
Goldsboro55397.1104.7113.311315.916.4%17620421.125.621.3%
Greensboro2002491.9540.1643.4662170.134.6%24633121.736.869.6%
Greenville917106.2123.9152.815952.849.7%11617320.320.51.0%
Hickory-Lenoir1639270.4292.3341.835180.629.8%16521420.841.197.6%
Jacksonville767112.8149.8150.414835.231.2%14719320.626.126.7%
Raleigh-Cary2116402.1544797.1885482.9120.1%19041823.93338.1%
Rocky Mount1045123.2133.414314521.817.7%11813921.625.317.1%
Wilmington1925161.6200.2274.5294132.481.9%84153213566.7%
Winston-Salem1463329.8361.2421.9437107.232.5%225299
NC Total203663792.948415500.658022009.121.933.251.8%
U.S. Average20.835.972.6%
Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Pop2003Chg 80-03Pct ChgDensity00Density03Major CitiesLand AreaPop 80Pop 1990Pop2000Density00
Ashville40.95466.268.91,6850Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.12,409
Cary42.121.745.594.52,2450Cary42.121.745.594.52,245
Charlotte242.3315.5427540.8585269.585.4%2,2322,414Charlotte242.3315.5427540.82,232
Durham94.6101.2148.518719896.895.7%1,9772,093Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.92,138
Fayetteville58.859.5112.612112464.5108.4%2,0582,109Fayetteville58.859.5112.61212,058
Greensboro104.7155.6191.6223.922973.447.2%2,1382,187Durham94.6101.2148.51871,977
Raleigh114.6150.3220.4276.1317166.7110.9%2,4092,766Wilmington414456.175.81,849
Wilmington414456.175.81,8490Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.81,706
Winston-Salem108.9131.9167.3185.819058.144.0%1,7061,745Ashville40.95466.268.91,685
Other Representative CitiesAuto Travel TimeTransit Travel Time
Columbus (OH)Charlotte2,414Ashville2127.9
Durham2,093Charlotte25.144.1
Greensboro2,187Raleigh-Durham23.933
Raleigh2,766Wilmington2135
Winston-Salem1,745
Distribution of Metropolitan Growth
Charlotte582
Raliegh-Durham638
Greensboro170
Other Metro Areas619
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Short term benefits of growth Maintains the current standard of living Accommodates the steadily growing population of the United States Provides additional choices of where to live and work Generates new jobs, new income, new tax revenue, and higher property values Stimulates greater opportunities for revitalization
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Long term benefits of growth Lowers the costs of goods and services through greater economies of scale in production Allows businesses and people to shares resources more efficiently through greater economies of scale from geographic clustering Provides more consumer choices, employment options, and social diversity.
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Realities of growthGrowth happens Fighting it doesnt workCreate the policy conditions for growth to work with, rather than against, the community.Watch for problems from sticky policyaffordable housing, jobs/housing balance, congestion, services.
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Market-oriented Planning ElementsProperty development should be permitted as of right unless explicit action is taken by the planning board or local legislative body to evaluate the application. Local planning decisions should be protected from regional or state planning decisionmaking.
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Market-oriented Planning ElementsDevelopers should be expected to modify projects to minimize the negative impacts of their proposed development, but these impacts should be tangible and measurable. Planning boards should minimize the likelihood that projects will be delayed through a legislative approval process by adopting broadly defined zoning districts that accommodate a large number of uses.
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Market-oriented Planning ElementsOnce land is rezoned, site plans should be reviewed as quickly and efficiently as possible. Property owners and developers should bear the full costs of property development. Local communities should not be expected to subsidize property development by extending sewers, roads, and other infrastructure to the site.
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Market-oriented Planning ElementsStanding in public hearings limited to parties clearly and directly impacted by proposed development.Land-use planning should embrace change and the evolutionary nature of urban development. Development approval should be based on a process--a set of clearly defined rules--rather than an end-state vision of what the community should look like 10 or 20 years down the road.
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Contact InformationAdrian [email protected]
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Is This Sustainable?Definitions:Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development.Sustainable Development links the environment, economy, and social equity into policies and practices that benefit both present and future generations, consensus definition from Finding Common Ground: Toward a Sustainable North Carolina conference sponsored by the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Environmental Resource Program, 1995. Reality:Conservationconsuming lessPlanning v. prices
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North Carolina Smart GrowthDefinitions:Smart Growth is an approach that seeks to direct development in ways to preserve an areas livability and natural resources, while providing for economic opportunity and making maximal use of existing infrastructure. North Carolina, Commission on Smart Growth: Growth Management and Development: Findings and Recommendations, Fall 2001, P. 16. Is is process?The Goal is not to limit growth, but to channel it to areas where infrastructure allows growth to be sustained over the long term. NC Commission on Smart Growth, p. 15.
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North Carolina Smart Growth Alliance (+Sams short hand)Mix-use activity centers (avoid single family detached housing)Appropriate pattern of development (high density)Green space (greenbelts)Walkable communities (1/4 mile radius)Integrated transportation (transit)Enhanced civic realm (public parks)Affordable living (apartments)Shared benefits (???)Community collaboration (regional planning)Fairness in approving development (central land use planning
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What is Sustaining North Carolinas Population GrowthSound Business ClimateHigh Quality of LifeHousing AffordabilityEfficient Transportation
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Is North Carolina Smart Growth Sustainable?Transit CenteredRegional Land-Use PlanningIncrease densityReduce automobile useIncrease mixed-use, urban centersFatal FlawsWhy are people moving to North Carolina?Is Charlotte going to be more attractive in 2025?Where are the Consumers
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Metro Work at Home
2279482618625369291617
52475648483580832121671
46504457654511675400
50568451193476763485
7530285265449616476
310563315544186102241451
39259631262730650836
Transit 1990
Transit 2000
Home 1990
Home 2000
Transit Use and Work at Home: Census 2000
NC work at home
11186104331139020982
800310433919521375
573553481033914894
Transit 1990
Transit 2000
Home 1990
Home 2000
Number Walking or Working at Home
Transit vs. Work at Home for North Carolina
transit
Transit 1990Transit 2000Home 1990Home 2000
Nation6,069,5896,067,7033,406,0254,184,223
Large Metros5,478,5955,550,9601,648,7472,377,296
Small Metros682,170516,7431,757,2781,806,927
Transit 1990Transit 2000Home 1990Home 2000
Charlotte11,18610,43311,39020,982
Raleigh-Durham8,00310,4339,19521,375
Winston-Salem5,7355,34810,33914,894
Transit 1990Transit 2000Home 1990Home 2000
Boston227,948261,86253,69291,617
Chicago524,756484,83580,832121,671
Dallas46,50445,76545,11675,400
Denver50,56845,11934,76763,485
Las Vegas7,53028,52654,49616,476
Los Angeles310,563315,544186,102241,451
Portland39,25963,12627,30650,836
Sheet2
Sheet3
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Toward Real Sustainable DevelopmentA fundamental contradiction exists between sustainable development in an urban context v. sustainable development in an environmental contextUrban sustainability depends critically on People SafetyFinancial opportunityAffordability/increased standard of livingIntellectual advancement and achievement are rewarded
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In short, it does not take great insight today to see that, however, inadequate the market may be, there is no reason to suppose that urban planners will necessarily do a better job, at least in the short run or intermediate term. This reality of the inadequacy of planners and their tools offsets the other reality of the inadequacies of the market and price mechanism.
--Lloyd Rodwin, Cities and City Planning (New York: Plenum Press, 1981), p. 230.