![Page 1: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Argument Structure: typological perspectiveBMA-ANGD-A2 Linguistic Theory
Irina Burukina
Part II
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 1 / 37
![Page 2: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Overview
The lectures aim to provide an overview of various syntactic phenomena re-lated to argument structure and argument structure transformations from atypological perspective.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 2 / 37
![Page 3: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Today we will talk about
1. Removal of argumentsMiddleAntipassive III
2. Addition of argumentsCausativizationApplicatives
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 3 / 37
![Page 4: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Removal (deletion) of arguments
Middle
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 4 / 37
![Page 5: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Middle Voice
Middle – (1) the external argument is removed, (2) an internal argument ispromoted.
(1) a. Bad people bribe politicians.b. Politicians bribe easily.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 5 / 37
![Page 6: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Middle Voice
The external argument is deleted completely!
(2) a. Politicians bribe easily (*by bad people).b. Politicians bribe easily (*to pressure the officials).c. #Politicians bribe easily drunk.← the politicians are drunk, not the one who bribes them
Compare to passive!
(3) a. The ship was sunk with a torpedo.b. The ship sank (*with a torpedo).
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 6 / 37
![Page 7: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Middle: (a) structural representation
VoiceP
Voice′
VP
bookread
Voice0
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 7 / 37
![Page 8: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Dispositional Middle
Some verbs in the middle voice denote a dispositional property of the internalargument:
(4) a. etotthis
xlebbread
*(legko)easily
rezhet-sjacut.3sg-refl
[Russian]
‘This bread cuts easily.’b. This book reads *(easily).
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 8 / 37
![Page 9: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Impersonal Middle
Impersonal middles are dispositional middles constructed from intransitive verbs.
(5) a. Hierhere
schläftsleeps
esit
sichREFL
angenehm.comfortable
[German]
‘It is comfortable to sleep here’ (Schäfer 2007)b. Se
REFLduermesleeps.3S
bienwell
enin
losthe
bancos.benches
[Spanish]
‘One sleeps well on benches.’
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 9 / 37
![Page 10: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Anticausative
(6) a. The cup broke (*by John).b. The ship sank (*by the captain).
Russian:
(7) a. rebjonokchild.m.nom
razbilbroke.m.sg
čašk-u.cup.f-acc
‘The child broke the cup.’b. čašk-a
cup.f-nomrazbila-s’.broke.f.sg-refl
‘The cup broke.’
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 10 / 37
![Page 11: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Reduction (deletion) of arguments
Antipassive III
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 11 / 37
![Page 12: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Antipassive III
Active:External argument (active) = Subject, ERGInternal argument (passive) = Object, ABSAntipassive III:External argument = Subject, ABSInternal argument = deleted.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 12 / 37
![Page 13: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Antipassive III
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 13 / 37
![Page 14: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Antipassive III: (a) structural representation
The traditional analysis: antipassive (AP) morpheme as an incorporated object(back to Baker (1988)).
VoiceP
Voice′
VP
APV0
Voice
ExtA
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 14 / 37
![Page 15: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Antipassive in the world’s languages
WALS: 146 languages, + antipassive implicit (blue, 18), + antipassive oblique(ref, 30), no antipassive (white, 146).
Link: https://wals.info/feature/108A#2/23.2/148.5
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 15 / 37
![Page 16: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Addition of arguments
Causativization
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 16 / 37
![Page 17: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Causative construction – increase of the valency of a predicate by adding aCauser or a Cause.Periphrastic causative in English:
(8) a. The baby slept.b. The mother made the baby sleep.c. His singing made the baby sleep.d. His singing caused the baby to sleep.
Not only with inherently intransitive predicates:
(9) a. The baby drank milk.b. The mother made the baby drink milk.c. Hunger made the baby drink milk.d. Hunger forced the baby to drink milk.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 17 / 37
![Page 18: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Periphrastic causative:Biclausal (note: Song 1996, biclausality as a continuum);The Causer and the predicate of cause must be “foregrounded” (moreprominent), while the Causee and the predicate of effect “backgrounded”(less prominent);The expression of the causer’s action should be without specific meaning(e.g. cause but not order).
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 18 / 37
![Page 19: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Periphrastic causative:
(10) Swahili (Vitale 1981: 152)
AhmedAhmed
a-li-m-fanyahe-pst-him-make
mbwadog
a-l-ehe-eat-sbjv
samakifish
mkubwa.large
‘Ahmed made the dog eat a large fish.’
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 19 / 37
![Page 20: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Non-periphrastic, morphological causative:
(11) Japanese
KanakoKanako
ganom
ZirooZiro
oacc
ik-ase-ta.go-caus-pst
‘Kanako made Ziro go.’
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 20 / 37
![Page 21: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Non-periphrastic, morphological causative:Monoclausal;The Causer occupies a grammatically more ‘prominent’ position than theCausee;The expression of the causer’s action, be it an affix or a separate(auxiliary) verb, should be without specific meaning.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 21 / 37
![Page 22: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Non-periphrastic, morphological causative:
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 22 / 37
![Page 23: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Non-periphrastic, morphological causative:vP
v′
VP
V′
V0
Causee
vCAUS
Causer
Additional reference: work by Heidi Harley
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 23 / 37
![Page 24: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Non-periphrastic, morphological causative:(white, 23 – no morphological causative, red/violet, 278 – morphological caus-ative)
Link: https://wals.info/feature/111A#2/16.6/148.5
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 24 / 37
![Page 25: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Not considered to be non-periphrastic, morphological causative:
(12) Tuvaluan (Besnier 2000: 325)
tethe
paalakingfish
enpst
tasione
nepst
saoescape
ia Aaifooubecause.of Aifou
‘The kingfish got away because of Aifou.’
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 25 / 37
![Page 26: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Inchoative-causative alternation in English*inchoative – become, change of state / cf. ’anticausative’wake up, change, finish, break, melt, turn, burn, roll, freeze, open, develop,dissolve, close, connect, begin, boil, improve, dry, gather, spread, stop, sink ...← anticausativizaton or causativization?
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 26 / 37
![Page 27: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Causatives
Compare English to the morphological anticausativization in Russian:katat’-sja ‘roll (intr.)’ <Theme>katat’ ‘roll (tr.)’ <Agent, Theme>
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 27 / 37
![Page 28: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Addition of arguments
Applicatives
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 28 / 37
![Page 29: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Applicatives
Applicative – the number of object arguments selected by the predicate is in-creased by one.Often: introducing a usual adjunct as an argument-like participant.Usually: a Benefactive, a Malefactive, or a Goal (Recepient).Cf. in English: She baked a cake – She baked Oscar a cake. (Benefactive)← typically, we call those constructions applicative where the addition of anobject is overtly marked on the predicate.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 29 / 37
![Page 30: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Applicatives
Applicatives from a transitive base only – Japanese
(13) a. Taroo-gaTaro-NOM
Hanako-niHanako-DAT
tegami-oletter-ACC
kaita.wrote
‘Taro wrote Hanako a letter’b. *Taroo-ga
Taroo-NOMHanako-niHanako-DAT
hasitta.run-PAST
‘Taro ran for Hanako’c. *Taroo-ga
Taro-NOMHanako-niHanako-DAT
kanojo-noshe-GEN
kaban-obag-ACC
motta.held
‘Taro held Hanako her bag’
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 30 / 37
![Page 31: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Applicatives
Low applicative analysis(Pylkkänen 2002 for low vs. high applicatives)
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 31 / 37
![Page 32: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Applicatives
Aplicatives from an intransitive base
(14) Kichaga: high benefactive applicativea. Nailyi-i-a
he-eats-APPLmkawife
kelyafood
‘He is eating food for his wife’b. Naizric-i-a
he-runs-APPLmbuyafriend
‘He is running for a friend’
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 32 / 37
![Page 33: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Applicatives
High applicative analysis:
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 33 / 37
![Page 34: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Applicatives
“high applicatives”can appear on intransitivesno relation between NPseither “object” can be affected by passive
“low applicatives”restricted to transitive verbsrelates ApplObj and Theme (often possessive)only the applicative object can passivize
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 34 / 37
![Page 35: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Applicatives
white, 100 – no applicative, others, 83 – applicative
Link: https://wals.info/feature/109A#2/21.9/147.8
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 35 / 37
![Page 36: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Selected references
Aldridge, Edith. 2004. Ergativity and word order in Austronesian languages.PhD diss, Cornell University.Baker, Mark C. 1988. Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Chan-ging. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Bruening, Benjamin. 2013. By phrases in passives and nominals. Syntax 16:1–41.Collins, Chris. 2018. Is the passive by-phrase an adjunct. Ms. NYU.Harley, Heidi. 2005. On the causative construction. Ms. University of Arizona.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 36 / 37
![Page 37: Argument Structure: typological perspective - BMA-ANGD-A2 ...seas3.elte.hu/a2/slides/burukina-2.pdfArgument Structure: typological perspective BMA-ANGD-A2LinguisticTheory IrinaBurukina](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042622/5f86ae2beb34d368b67cf5ac/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
...
.
Selected references
Labelle, Marie. 2008. The French reflexive and reciprocal se. Natural Language& Linguistic Theory 26. 833-876.Legate, Julie Anne. 2008. Morphological and abstract case. Linguistic Inquiry39: 55–101.Polinsky, Maria. 2017. Antipassive. In Coon, Jessica, Diane Massam, and LisaDemena Travis (eds.), The Oxford handbook of ergativity, 308–331. Oxford:Oxford University Press.Pylkkänen, Liina. 2008. Introducing arguments. MIT Press.Reinhart, Tanya and Tal Siloni 2005. The lexicon–syntax parameter: reflexiv-ization and other arity operations, Linguistic Inquiry 36.3, 389–436.
Irina Burukina ([email protected])Argument Structure: typological perspective Part II 37 / 37