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Aristotle
• He was one of the first students of government.• Politics, democracy and republic all originated in
ancient Greece and Rome.
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The State
• A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government.
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Nation
• A group of people united by common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition and sometimes religion.
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Features of A State
• Population• Territory• Sovereignty• government
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Theories of the Origin of the State
• Our government developed out of the social contract theory.
• Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both students of this theory and said that no government existed without the authority of the people.
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Purposes of Government
• Maintain social order• Provide public service• Provide national security• Make economic decisions
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Lucky 13
• E Pluribus Unum means out of many one
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The Federal System
• America has a federal government which divides the power between the national and state governments.
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Constitution
• It is a plan that provides the rules for government.
• We have a constitutional government which places limits on the power of those who govern.
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Preamble
• It is a statement about the major goals of the American government.
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Constitutional Law
• The interpretation and application of the constitution and the extent and limits of government power.
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Politics
• It is the effort to control and influence the conduct and policies of government.
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The Federalist Papers
• It was a series of articles written by James Madison to express concern that a small group of people united by special interests would hinder the new nation from forming.
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Types of Government
• Autocracy• Oligarchy• Democracy
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Democracy
• We have a representative democracy because we elect people and give them the responsibility to make laws and govern.
• We do not have a true democracy.
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Democracy
• We believe in individual liberty• We believe in majority rule with respect to
minority rights.
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Endo v. United States
• A key supreme court case that overturned the war relocation program in WWII.
• The courts said that firing people from their jobs and holding them in custody because of their race or national origin is in violation of individual liberties.
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Laissez-faire
• This means the government should keep its hands off the economy.
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Adam Smith
• Philosopher who provided a philosophy for free markets.
• He wrote the book called The Wealth of Nations.