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Citing the internet
Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The
Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept.
2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2008.
‹http://classics.mit.edu/›.
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Franks,
Carolingians and Renaissance
History 135
September 2011
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Map of the Mediterranean world in 600 AD
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Early History
Roman federati c. 350
Agriculture, trade, commerce
Hunters, trappers, soldiers for Rome
Tribal
Worshipped Thor, Wotan, Tew
Kings were rulers and priests
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Salian Franks
Ancestors of the French
Salic law – basis of French law
Agricultural land between Soissons and Cambrai
Soissons – imperial arms factory
With death of their Roman commander, Aetius
Renounced allegiance to Rome
Freed fully with the advent of Odovacar
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Clovis
Clovis r 485-511
Largest Germanic
kingdom
Laws
General decline
Conversion
Clothilde
Merovingians - Merovech
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486
Capital at Paris
Facing Burgundians
Catholic Christian
First German king to
do so
507-508
Defeated Visigoths
Visigoths fled from
Toulouse to Spain
510
Defeated Allemanni
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Merovingians
What’s left of Rome
Gift Economy
Role of Women
Succession
Partible inheritance
Mayor of the Palace
Pepin of Heristal
Charles Martel, “the hammer”
Pepin the Short and Childeric III
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Tours - 732
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Gavelkind
Partible inheritance
Neustria, Austrasia, Aquitaine
Civil wars
Basis of strength
Gradual expansion
Geography
Weak opponents
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Government
No Roman institutions or taxation
Local autonomy
Limited ambition
Support of the Church
No religious divisions
Skilled personnel
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Agricultural changes
Three field system
Winter wheat
Summer crops
Fallow
Heavier plow
Horses
More land = marshes,
forests
More food = population
increase
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Church and Frankish Kingdoms
Merovingians Pepin
Donation
Zachary – Lombards
756
Donation of Constantine
Spurious justification mid-750?
Crown, cloak, military rank
Military provinces, palaces, Rome, Italy, West
Contribute to interdependence and conflict
Charlemagne
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Charlemagne r 768-814
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Charlemagne and the Church
Leo III
Coronation
Christmas 800
Prestige/authority
Prayer
Officials
Positions
Army
Conversions
Donations
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Carolingian administration
Chaplain
head of palace clergy
Chief lay officer
Count of palace, regent
Local administration
county was administrative unit
Counts
General Assembly
capitularies
Missi domenici
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Manorialism
System linking elite to peasantry
Landowner
Lord or lady
Bishop
Monastery
Labor
Slaves
Serfs
Free peasants - villeins
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Diagram of a manor c. 1200
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Cruck house
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Vassalage
Land for service
Fief
Patron-client
Lords and vassals
Homage and fealty
Ban
Obligations
Disadvantages
Counts
Laws
Armies
Taxes
Peasants
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Carolingian Renaissance
Roman works: Suetonius, Virgil
Church fathers – Jerome, Augustine, Ambrose Commentaries
Alcuin c. 732 – 804 Anglo-Saxon
Chief advisor to Charlemagne
Monasteries and cathedrals Teach reading, writing
Caroline minuscule
Illuminated texts
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Successors to Charlemagne
Louis the Pious r. 814-840
Monastic reform
817 – Rule of St Benedict; becomes standard
Sons of Louis and Ermengard
Lothar
Pippin
Louis the German
Son of Judith – Charles the Bald
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Treaty of Verdun 843
After revolting against Louis the Pious and
fighting among themselves:
Charles the Bald 843-877– western portion; France
Louis the German 843-870– east; Germany
Lothar – 840-853 Middle Kingdom ; Low Countries,
Italy, Switzerland, parts of France and Germany
Significance
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HRE – 10th Century
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Macedonian Renaissance
C 870- c 1025
Basil I r. 867-886 founded dynasty which
produced renaissance
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos
913 - 959
Geography, history
Other court members
Writers, philosophers, historians
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Slavs
Cyril and Methodius 863 Missionaries; Cyrillic
Russia Under Byzantine influence
Capital at Kiev
Vladimir r. c. 980-1015 Conversion
Marries Anne, sister of Basil II
Heir to Byzantium – church, customs, art, political ideology Russia keeps an “eastern” orientation
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High Middle Ages 1000-1300
Three heirs now fragment
Local rule of counts
Fiefs as inheritable property
Power shift to independent knights
Raids and invasions Muslims – south
Viking – Norse pirates – north Normandy, Sicily
Settle, convert, renewal in govt, trade, cities, church
Magyars – Central Asia
Monastic expansion
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