1 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
ARMD SIP Thrust 4B (Hybrid Electric) Roadmap Rich Wahls 2nd ODM & Emerging Av Tech Roadmap Workshop Strategic Technical Advisor, Adv Air Vehicles Program Arlington, VA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate 9 March 2016
2 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
Outline• ARMD Overview – Thrusts, Programs, Projects
• ARMD Strategic Thrust 4b – Electric/Hybrid Electric
• ARMD FY17 President’s Budget Implications
3 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
U.S. leadership for a new era of flight
NASA AeronauticsNASA Aeronautics Vision for Aviation in the 21st Century
5 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
Advanced Air Transport Technology
(AATT)
Advanced Air Vehicles (AAVP)
Jay Dryer
Airspace Operations And Safety (AOSP) John Cavolowsky
Integrated Aviation Systems (IASP) Ed Waggoner
NASA Mission Directorate Organization
Transformative Aeronautics Concepts (TACP)
Doug Rohn
Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology
(RVLT)
Commercial Supersonic Technology
(CST)
Advanced Composites (ACP)
Aeronautics Evaluation and Test Capabilities
(AETC)
Airspace Technology Demonstrations
(ATD)
SMART NAS – Testbed for Safe Trajectory
Operations
Safe Autonomous System Operations
(SASO)
Environmentally Responsible
Aviation (ERA)
UAS Integration in the NAS
Flight Demonstration and Capabilities
(FDC)
Leading Edge Aeronautics Research
for NASA (LEARN)
Transformational Tools and Technologies
(TTT)
Convergent Aeronautics Solutions
(CAS)
-------------------------- Mission Programs ----------------------------- Seedling Program
Coming Soon Electric content
Current Electric content
6 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
Outline• ARMD Overview – Thrusts, Programs, Projects
• ARMD Strategic Thrust 4b – Electric/Hybrid Electric
• ARMD FY17 President’s Budget Implications
7 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
NASA Aeronautics ContextThrust Roadmap and other related teams
3 Mega-Drivers 6 Strategic R&T Thrusts
Safe, Efficient Growth in Global Operations • Enable full NextGen and develop technologies to substantially
reduce aircraft safety risks
Innovation in Commercial Supersonic Aircraft • Achieve a low-boom standard
Ultra-Efficient Commercial Vehicles • Pioneer technologies for big leaps in efficiency
and environmental performance
Transition to Low-Carbon Propulsion • Characterize drop-in alternative fuels
and pioneer low-carbon propulsion technology
Real-Time System-Wide Safety Assurance • Develop an integrated prototype of a real-time safety monitoring
and assurance system
Assured Autonomy for Aviation Transformation • Develop high impact aviation autonomy applications
Roadmap Team 2 Supersonic
Roadmap Team 3a Fixed Wing Roadmap Team 3b Vertical Lift
Roadmap Team 4a AltFuel Roadmap Team 4b Hybrid Electric
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Thrust 4b Hybrid Electric
Thrust 4b – Team Hybrid Electric kick-off 6/12/15 Scope: Large Transport, Small Thin-haul, passenger vertical lift, unmanned aerial vehicles
(internal community – AATT, CAS (VLHA, CEPT)) Co-leads Kevin Carmichael/Rich Wahls Amy Jankowsky (AATT) Hyun Dae Kim (AFRC) Lee Kohlman (CAS/VLHA) Nateri Madavan (ARC) Mark Moore (CAS/CEPT) Jim Felder (GRC) Dell Ricks (ARMD) Dan Williams (LaRC)
Jeff Viken (TTT)
Transition to Low-Carbon Propulsion • Characterize drop-in alternative fuels and pioneer low-carbon propulsion technology
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Outcomes, Benefits, Capabilities
Strategic Thrust 4: Transition to Low-Carbon Propulsion Strategic Thrust 4B: Enabling Electric/Hybrid Electric Propulsion
2015 2025 2035
Com
mun
ity
Out
com
es
Introduction of Low-carbon Fuels for Conventional Engines and Exploration
of Alternative Propulsion Systems Initial Introduction of
Alternative Propulsion Systems Introduction of
Alternative Propulsion Systems to Aircraft of All Sizes
Ben
efits
• Established experience and knowledge base allowing for industry investment and market growth
• Certified operational aircraft in limited applications/markets
• Improved fuel economy and lower carbon emissions in limited applications.
• Improved acoustics
• Improved fuel economy• Low carbon emissions• Lower operating costs• Enhanced safety,
Cap
abili
ties/
NA
SA O
utpu
ts
• Electrified Turbofan designs• HEP PAI and DEP concepts• Advanced electric machines &
power electronics• Integrated electric and turbine
controls• Advanced energy storage
technology• Advanced power transmission and
management technology• Small aircraft and vertical lift flight
demos• Thin haul commuter flt demo• Power and propulsion system
integrated test beds• Modeling, sizing, design and
analysis tools
• Medium size Vertical lift flt demos• Electric air vehicle certification• Experience designing, building and
operating a variety of small electric and HEP aircraft and vertical lift vehicles
• An array of Government and Industry development and test facilities
• Optimized architectures• Optimized flight operations• Improved energy storage• Advanced materials applied to
HEP• High fidelity models
• Single aisle transport flight demo• Large vert lift flight demo• Extensive experience designing
building and operating electric and HEP aircraft and vertical lift vehicles
• Industry has full design and test capability
• Increased & more flexible control
Version: 19jan2016
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Research Themes NASA Long Term Research Areas That Will Contribute to the Community Outcomes
• Integrated Technology Concepts (Vehicle / Synergy)– Integration of an array of technologies to increase the overall efficiency and functionality of the
vehicle including: HEP propulsion and airframe, distributed electric propulsion, acoustics and airframe, controls and HEP propulsion, energy storage and airframe, thermal management and airframe
• Power and Propulsion Architectures– Researches electric, hybrid electric, turboelectric, series, parallel, configurations for both aircraft and
vertical lift vehicles. This also includes power management, distribution of power across the vehicle
• HEP Components / Enablers– Includes component technologies such as increased power density electric machines, higher,
superconducting machines, energy density storage, advanced fuel cells, power electronics, fault protection devices and other enablers such as flight controls
• Modeling, Simulation, and Test Capability– Development of modeling, simulation and design tools to aid in the design and analysis of electric/
HEP vehicles, These may also include acoustic and thermal management and flight control analysis tools. Also includes component, subsystem and system level test capabilities that are be used in development.
Version: 19jan2016
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Prove Out Transformational Potential Hybrid Electric Propulsion
Increasingly electric aircraft propulsion with minimal change to aircraft outer mold lines
Explore and demonstrate vehicle integration synergies enabled by hybrid electric propulsion
Gain experience through integration and demonstration on
progressively larger platforms
Single Aisle Transport
Modeling Explore Architectures
Test Beds Component Improvements
Env
iron
men
tal B
enef
it
+
2040
2030
2020 Small Aircraft
Knowledge through Integration & Demonstration +
Image Credit: Joby
Image Credit: Yamaha
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Exploration of Alternative Propulsion Systems
Initial Introduction of Alternative Propulsion Systems 20
15
2025
2035
Mature foundation technologies, architect HEP aircraft and Vert Lift vehicles, demonstrate
subsystems and integrated prototypes
Fly technology demonstrators, prototype subsystems and advanced components NASA
Outputs
Community Outcomes
Explore PAI and DEP configuration
Acoustics and DEP
Wing/Fuselage BLI and DEP Split Wing with upper/lower DEP
Controls associated with DEP
DEP w/conventional or high aspect ration wings
Explore elec / hybrid / turboelectric configurations 200 KW – 10 MW
Non-Superconducting Powertrain Components
Energy Storage, Power Distribution & Mgt.
kW, MW, 10s MW Powertrain Models, Testing & Validation
Technology Integration Concepts (Vehicle/Synergy)
Power & Propulsion Architectures
HEP Components/Enablers
HEP Models / Sims &Test Capability
Small Core Turbine from 4A Leverage industry battery, fuel cell developments, wide band gap semi-conductors
Leverage DoD architecture parametric studies, industry studies and developments (DARPA, Google, Facebook, Boeing)
Advanced Turbines, Controls, Range Extenders
Superconducting Powertrain Components, including Thermal Ctr.
Single String, Full Powertrain, Full Vehicle Modeling & Simulation
High Fidelity CFD, Integrated Turbine and Electric Controls,Power & Energy Storage Management
Modeling and Testing to support Validation & Certification
Explore elec / hybrid / turboelectric configurations 10 MW – 20 MW
Explore elec / hybrid / turboelectric configurations 20MW – 50 MW
4 PAX Vertical Lift Vehicle
Demo Research Themes
Technology Demos/Insertions
SCEPTOR Thin Haul Commuter
Demo
Medium Commuter
Demo
More Electric Turbofan Enters
Service
Regional Transport Flt Demo
Single Aisle flight Demo
8 PAX Vert Lift Vehicle
Demo
9-12 PAX Vertical
Lift enters service
Thin Haul Commuter Enters
Service
Alternative Fuels from 4A Dependencies / Opportunities
Intro of Alternative Propulsion Systems to Aircraft of All Sizes
Refined and optimized HEP aircraft and propulsion system concepts and components
Version: 19jan2016
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Top 6 Risks
1. If projected improvement in the energy sector that we expect to leverage (ex. batteries, fuel cells, power electronics) are not realized then HEP may be applicable to small aircraft, but large all electric/hybrid-electric transports cannot be achieved and the environmental impact not realized.
2. If HEP component technologies are not realized, then the benefits of HEP vehicles will not be fully realized
3. If industry does not agree significant savings can be achieved then they will not invest in vehicles.
4. If electrification poses significant safety or certification hurdles, then integration into fleet will become too costly
5. If the community can’t cost effectively change/enhance the energy infrastructure at airports, then the viability of electrically powered aircraft will not be realized
6. If energy sources used to power electric/hybrid electric systems are not from clean energy from a life cycle perspective, the climate benefits will not be realized nor systems developed and fielded.
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Leverage Opportunities
• Leverage early adopter market opportunities to establish new certification criteria and accelerate industry technology investments.
• Leverage efforts in the Energy and Transportation sectors to improve battery and fuel cell energy density. Higher energy density in these devices may enable all electric architectures and enhance hybrid electric architectures.
• Leveraging advances in small core turbine engine technologies being developed by industry would enhance hybrid electric architectures
• Leveraging DoD’s and DARPA’s investment and knowledge in HEP for civilian and military dual use applications will allow NASA to explore a wider range of configurations.
• Leverage lessons learned from electric/hybrid aircraft propulsion efforts by Google, Facebook, and Boeing to learn how to design, build, integrate and operate vehicles
23 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
Outline• ARMD Overview – Thrusts, Programs, Projects
• ARMD Strategic Thrust 4b – Electric/Hybrid Electric
• ARMD FY17 President’s Budget Implications
26 Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
New Aviation Horizons Flight Demo Plan
Design & Build Flight Test
Design & Build Flight Test
Design & Build Flight Test
Design & Build
FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26
Preliminary Design
“Purpose-Built” UEST Demonstrators
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Demonstrators
Fully integrated UEST Demonstrator
Design & Build Flight Test
Preliminary Design
Preliminary Design
Design & Build Flight Test Design & Build Flight Test
Ground Test Risk Reduction
Ground Test Risk Reduction
Potential Candidates
Ground Test Risk Reduction Flight Test Small Scale “Build, Fly, Learn”
Transport Scale Preliminary Design
Total Demonstration Cost ROM: $700M
Life Cycle Cost Est: $430M
Life Cycle Early Cost Est: $850M
Life Cycle Cost ROM: $400-500M
Life Cycle Cost ROM: $400-500M
www.nasa.gov 26
Images Credit: Lockheed Martin
DP
DP
DP
DP
DP
Validated ability for U.S. Industry to Build Transformative Aircraft that use 50% less energy and produce less than half of the perceived noise
Validated HEP Concepts, Technologies And Integration for U.S. Industry to Lead the Clean Propulsion Revolution
Enables Low Boom Regulatory Standard and validated ability for industry to produce and operate commercial low noise supersonic aircraft