Download - Array Detectors
![Page 1: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Array Detectors
S W McKnight and C A DiMarzio
![Page 2: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Focal Plane Arrays
![Page 3: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Imaging Systems
H R Runciman, Thermal Imaging, CRC Press
![Page 4: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scanning vs. Staring Arrays• Scanning Systems
– Point detector or linear array with scanning optics– Less complicated detector– Calibration easier– Scanning system expensive, fragile– Fast detector
• Staring Arrays– Multiple detectors elements to capture pixels of image– Less complicated optics (lighter, smaller, no moving parts)– Longer integration time to increase sensitivity– Need multiplexer for signal read-out
• Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD’s) – Charge transfer and collection– Easier processing, less interconnects
• CMOS– Individually addressed and processed pixels – Less power– No loss in tranfer
![Page 5: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
N-Channel FET Structure
Channel Length1 to 10 m
B, Body
n+ n+
S, Source G, Gate D, Drain
P-Type Material
SiO2 Insulator20-100m
Channel: 2 to 500 m into page
NMOSMetal-Oxide-Semiconductor
![Page 6: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Energy Band Picture of MOSFET(No Bias—Flatband)
z
E
Ef
Metal (Al or Poly-Si)
Oxide (SiO2)
Semiconductor (p-Si)
Ec
Ev
![Page 7: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Energy Band Picture of MOSFET(Positive Gate Bias)
z
E
Ef
Metal (Al or Poly-Si)
Oxide (SiO2)
Semiconductor (p-Si)
Ec
Ev
Va
Фb1
Фb2
![Page 8: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MOSFET Carrier Reconfiguration (Depletion Bias)
z
E
Ef
Metal (Al or Poly-Si)
Oxide (SiO2)
Semiconductor (p-Si)
Ec
Ev
Va
Фb1
Фb2
Depletion Region
![Page 9: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Creation of Depletion Layer and Inversion Channel
• Depletion layer forms within 1μs after bias is applied
• Inversion channel created by thermally generated carriers in ~ 1 s
• For times short compared to 1 s, non-equilibrium situation with depletion region and empty channel.
• Carriers created by optical absorption or external injection can be stored in well for many ms.
![Page 10: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Carrier Injection
z
E
Ef
Metal (Al or Poly-Si)
Oxide (SiO2)
Semiconductor (p-Si)
Ec
EvVa>Vt Depletion
Region
Ef
Optical Injection Vo-Vi
Current Injection
![Page 11: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)
Channel Length1 to 10 m
B
S G D S D
B
~10 m X nRows
![Page 12: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Charge Transfer in CCD
J Allison, Electronic Engineering Semiconductors and Devices, McGraw-Hill
![Page 13: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Streetman & Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice-Hall
![Page 14: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Focal Plane Arrays
• Monolithic Technology– Detector and read-out CCD on same chip– Parallel processing (lower cost)– Improved ruggedness– Lower performance – Lower yield
• Hybrid Technology– Detector and read-out fabricated separately and bonded– Single-device processing (more expensive)– Thermal mismatch– Choice of material for better performance
• HgCdTe for IR detector• Silicon for CCD
![Page 15: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hybrid Technology
H R Runciman, Thermal Imaging, CRC Press
![Page 16: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hybrid Focal Plane Array
J L Miller, Principles of Infrared Technology, Van Norstrand Reinhold
![Page 17: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Array Interconnects
J L Miller, Principles of Infrared Technology, Van Norstrand Reinhold
![Page 18: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Platinum-Silicide Schottky Detectors
Streetman & Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice-Hall
PtSi Si
EB~0.22 eV ↔ λ=5.6 μ
hν
![Page 19: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PtSi Array Detectors
• Low quantum efficiency (~1%)
• Mid-Wave IR detection (1-5μ)
• Long integration time (~1/60 s)
• Good sensitivity ~0.05o C
• Compatible with Si technology
![Page 20: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Infrared Night Imaging
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 21: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Infrared Night Imaging (2:15 AM)
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 22: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Infrared Imaging—Circuit Hot Spot
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 23: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Infrared Imaging—Water Damage in Ceiling
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 24: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Infrared Imaging—Tank Fluid Level
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 25: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Infrared Imaging--- Building Energy Efficiency
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 26: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Infrared Imaging—Building Energy Efficiency
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 27: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Infrared Imaging—Biology
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 28: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Infrared Imaging—Power Line Faults
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 29: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Infrared Medical Imaging—Patient Recovering from Spinal Surgery
Sierra Pacific Infrared, Inc.
![Page 30: Array Detectors](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814470550346895db10307/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)