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Supporting Information
A simple Schiff-base fluorescence probe for the simultaneous detection of Ga3+ and Zn2+
Seong Youl Lee, Kwon Hee Bok, Tae Geun Jo, So Young Kim, Cheal Kim*
Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul
National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea. Fax: +82-2-973-
9149; Tel: +82-2-970-6693; E-mail: [email protected]
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Table S1. Examples of various Ga3+ chemosensors.
Sensor Detection limit (µM) Binding constant Interference Solvent Method of detection Reference
2.37 3.82 x 104 None ethanol : water = 98 : 2 Fluorescence 1
No data 6.25 x 104 Cu2+ acetonitrile Fluorescence 2
0.54 8.08 x 108 Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ water Fluorescence 3
0.05 1.21 x 105 Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ ethanol Fluorescence 4
0.1 2.5 x 106 No data methanol Fluorescence 5
2.4 1.0 x 105 Cu2+ metanol Fluorescence 6
0.01 1.0 x 104 Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ acetonitrile Fluorescence This work
OH
OH
NH
S
CO2H
OH
N
S
N
N NN
OHHO
N
N
NCH
HO OH
NHC
OH
OH
HO
N
N OH
N
N
OH
HN N
O
O
HO
References
1 Wang, Y.-W.; Liu, S.-B.; Ling, W.-J.; Peng,Y. Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 827-830.
2 Kim, B.-Y.; Kim, H.-S.; Helal, A. Sens. Actuators B, 2015, 206, 430-434.
3 Tavallali, H. P.; Vahdati; Shaabanpur, E. Sens. Actuators B, 2011, 159, 154-158.
4 Kimura, J.; Yamada, H.; Ogura, H.; Yajima, T.; Fukushima, T. Anal. Chim. Acta,
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2009, 635, 207-213.
5 Noh, J. Y.; Kim, S.; Hwang, I. H.; Lee, G. Y.; Kang, J.; Kim, S. H.; Min, J.; Park, S.;
Kim, C.; Kim, J. H. Dyes Pigm., 2013, 99, 1016-1021.
6 Kim, H.; Kim, K. B.; Song, E. J.; Hwang, I. H.; Noh, J. Y.; Kim, P. G.; Jeong, K. D.;
Kim, C. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2013, 36, 72-76.
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Fig S1 1H NMR spectrum of 1
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Fig. S2 13C NMR spectrum of 1
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Fig. S3 Job plot of 1 and Ga3+. The total concentrations of 1 and Ga3+ were 100 μM
(excitation: 300 nm).
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Fig. S4 Benesi-Hildebrand plot (at 434 nm) of 1 based on fluorescence titration, assuming 1:1
stoichiometry for association between 1 and Ga3+.
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Fig. S5 Determination of the detection limit based on change in the ratio of 1 (10 μM) with
Ga3+.
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0
100
200
300
400
500
1Ga3+
Cr3+
Int.
at 4
34 n
m (a
.u.)
1Ga3+
Fe2+
1Ga3+
Co2+
1Ga3+
Ag+
1Ga3+
Al3+
1 1Ga3+
Ca2+
1Ga3+
Hg2+
1Ga3+
Cu2+
1Ga3+
Cd2+
1Ga3+
In3+
1Ga3+
Mn2+
1Ga3+
Pb2+
1Ga3+
Na+
1Ga3+
Zn2+
1Ga3+
Ni2+
1Ga3+
Mg2+
1Ga3+
K+
1Ga3+
Fe3+
1 1Ga3+
Fig. S6 Competitive selectivity of 1 (10 μM) toward Ga3+ (3.0 equiv) in the presence of other
metal ions (3.0 equiv, excitation: 300 nm).
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00
100
200
Int.
at 4
60 n
m (a
.u.)
[Zn2+]/([1] + [Zn2+])
Fig. S7 Job plot of 1 and Zn2+. The total concentrations of 1 and Zn2+ were 100 μM
(excitation: 300 nm).
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Fig. S8 Positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrum of 1 (10 μM) upon addition of
Zn(NO3)2 (1.0 equiv).
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Fig. S9 1H NMR titration of 1 with Zn2+ ions.
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Fig. S10 Benesi-Hildebrand plot (at 460 nm) of 1 based on fluorescence titration, assuming
1:1 stoichiometry for association between 1 and Zn2+.
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4 6 8 10 12
120
160
200
240
In
t. at
460
nm
(a.u
.)
[Zn2+]/
Fig. S11 Determination of the detection limit based on change in the ratio of 1 (10 μM) with
Zn2+.
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0
100
200
300
Int.
at 4
60 n
m (a
.u.)
1Zn2+
Cr3+
1Zn2+
Fe2+
1Zn2+
Co2+
1Zn2+
Ag+
1Zn2+
Al3+
1 1Zn2+
Ca2+
1Zn2+
Hg2+
1Zn2+
Cu2+
1Zn2+
Cd2+
1Zn2+
In3+
1Zn2+
Mn2+
1Zn2+
Pb2+
1Zn2+
Na+
1Zn2+
Ga3+
1Zn2+
Ni2+
1Zn2+
Mg2+
1Zn2+
K+
1Zn2+
Fe3+
1 1Zn2+
Fig. S12 Competitive selectivity of 1 (10 μM) toward Zn2+ (3.6 equiv) in the presence of
other metal ions (3.6 equiv, excitation: 300 nm).
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(a)
(b)
Fig. S13 (a) The theoretical excitation energies and the experimental UV-vis spectrum of 1.
(b) The major electronic transition energies and molecular orbital contributions for 1 (H =
HOMO and L = LUMO).
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(a)
(b)
Fig. S14 (a) The theoretical excitation energies and the experimental UV-vis spectrum of 1-
Ga3+. (b) The major electronic transition energies and molecular orbital contributions for 1-
Ga3+ (H = HOMO and L = LUMO).
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Fig. S15 Molecular orbital diagrams and excitation energies of 1 and 1-Ga3+ complex.
(a)18
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(b)
Fig. S16 (a) The theoretical excitation energies and the experimental UV-vis spectrum of 1-
Zn2+. (b) The major electronic transition energies and molecular orbital contributions for 1-
Zn2+ (H = HOMO and L = LUMO).
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Fig. S17 Molecular orbital diagrams and excitation energies of 1 and 1-Zn2+ complex.
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