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Arthropods: The Marine Bio Version (chapter 5)
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Phylum Arthropoda Largest and most successful phylum in the
animal kingdom. 75% of all animals! Exoskeleton made of Chitin (light/hard
polysaccharide). Must molt or shed exoskeleton to grow Jointed Appendages. Cephalization-compound eyes, ocelli
(eyespots), antennae. Segmented Bilateral symmetry
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Classification you should know (there is a LOT more)
Subphylum Mandibulata Class crustacea
Order decapoda- lobsters Subphylum Chelicerata
Class meristomata- horseshoe crabs Subphylum Uniramia (not
elaborating) Insects, millipeds, and centipedes
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SUBPHYLUM MANDIBULATATA
Antennae, Mandibles & Maxillae Crustaceans-add some limestone to the
chitinous exoskeleton. Lobsters & crabs are the giants of this group-
most are a few centimeters long.
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Class Crustacea Shrimps, crabs, lobsters 2 pairs of antennae-sense
surroundings Dominant arthropods in sea (as
insects are on land) Appendages to swim, crawl,
attach, mate, feed
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Crustaceans lobsters & crabs, shrimp, copepods and
barnacles. rigid exoskeleton, crustaceans must “molt” or
shed their shell in order to grow. use an enzyme to split their shell & then crawl
out. molting horseshoe crab!
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1) Small Crustaceans Copepods- extremely abundant,
planktonic, filter feed Barnacles- usually sessile, filter
feed, body enclosed by calcareous plates
Krill- planktonic, shrimp-like, have carapace to cover anterior, filter feed
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2) Larger Crustaceans-Decapods: shrimps, lobsters, and crabs
Five pairs of legs, first pair are claws
Carapace encloses cephalothorax (anterior region)
(posterior region) is abdomen
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Shrimps and Lobsters Long abdomens (tails we eat) Scavengers for food Lobsters prey on mollusks
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Christmas Island Crab Migrations History of the island crabs vs. cars
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Hermit Crabs Not true crabs Scavengers Hide abdomens in empty shells
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True Crabs Small abdomen and tucked under
cephalothorax V-shape ab. in males U-shape ab. in females Largest and most diverse of
decapods Scavengers and predators
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Male Jonah Crab
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Female Jonah Crab
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Feeding Observe feeding appendages at work!
Maxillipeds- appendages near mouth (decapods have 3 pairs)
Food passes to stomach w/ teeth for grinding
Digestive glands w/ enzymes Intestine leads to anus Nutrients distributed through open
circulatory system
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Response (nervous) Well developed sense organs Compound eyes (opposite of
simple-14,000 sensitive units) Keen sense of smell Body postures/movements to
communicate w/ each other Simple brain
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Compound Eyes- one way to respond to your environment- be able to see what is nearby!
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Reproduction Separate sexessexual
reproduction Males directly transfer sperm to
females Ex. Barnacle stretches out
appendage to local females Mating occurs after female molts
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SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA Fang-like mouthparts
(Chelicerae)-Pedipalps for sense. 2 Classes.
Class Merostomata-Horseshoe crabs.
Book gills on ventral surface
More closely related to spiders than crabs!
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Horseshoe Crab 1. Carapace 2. Telson 3. Compound eye 4. Anterior spine Five pair of legs
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LAB WORK: DISSECTING A CRAYFISH
Virtually same structure as a lobster or shrimp, but has a better size than shrimp, and a better price than lobster!