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ol
35
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1 103 113
28.7. 1995
Arum alpinum Araceae)anditsDistribution
in
the
Eastern Mediterranean
By
Marija B E D A L O V
*)
& Manfred A. F I S C H E R **)
With 1 Figure
Received May
2,
1994
Key words: Araceae, Arum, Arum alpinum. - Chorology, distribution,tax-
onomy.-FloraofGreece.
Summary
BEDALOVM. &FISCHERM .A.1995.Arum alpinum (Araceae)and itsdistribution
intheEastern Mediterranean. - Phyton (Horn, Austria) 35 (1):103-113,1figure. -
English with German summary.
Arum alpinum SCHOTT& KOTSCHY,
a
good species well distinct fromA.macula-
tum
L. as
well
as
from A.Orientale
M. B. by
tuber shape
and
spadix
and
spathe
characters,
is
distributed
not
only
in
central Europe,
S.
Italy,
S.
France, Spain,
and
Crete
but
also
in
Ewia (=Euboea)
and
continental Greece. Specimens from around
Istanbul remain doubtful (belonging rather
to
A.Orientalethan
to
A.alpinum).
Zusammenfassung
BEDALOV
M. &
FISCHERM.
A.
1995.Arum alpinum (Araceae)
und
dessen
Ver-
breitung
in der
Ost-Mediterraneis.
-
Phyton (Horn, Austria)35(1): 103-113, 1Abbil-
dung.
-
Englisch
mit
deutscher Zusammenfassung.
Arum alpinum SCHOTT
&
KOTSCHY
ist
eine gute
Art, die
sich sowohl
von
A . maculatum L. wie von
A.OrientaleM.
B.
deutlich unterscheidet,undzwarin der
GestaltderKnolle,imLngenverhltnis LaubblattstielzuSchaft
und
inMerkmalen
von Spatha und Spadix.
A.alpinumist
nicht
nur
im stlichen Mitteleuropa verbreitet,
sondern auch
in
Sdeuropa (es
war
bisher
aus
Spanien, Sd-Frankreich, Sd-Italien,
Bulgarien, Nord-Griechenland
und
Kreta bekannt). Hier berichten
wir nun
ber neue
Funde
aus
Griechenland
und
diskutieren Belege
aus der
nordwestlichen Trkei
(Um-
gebung von Istanbul), die vielleicht eher zu
A.
Orientale
als
zu
A. alpinum
gehren.
*)
Prof.
Dr.Marija BEDALOV, Botanicki zavod PMFa Sveucilista u Zagrebu,
Marulicev
trg20/11,
CRO-41000 Zagreb, Croatia.
**)
Prof.
Dr.Manfred A. FISCHER, Institut fr Botanik derUniversitt Wien,
Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria.
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104
1. I n t r o d u c t i o n
Arum alpinum SCHOTT&KOTSCHY
has been described
on the
basis
of
plants from
the
Transsylvanian Alps (SCHOTT 1851). Afterwards, many
authors included A.alpinum within A.maculatum
L. (e.g.RICHT ER
1890,
BECK-MANNAGETTA
1903,
ASCHERSON
&
GRAEBNER
1904,
ENGLER
1920,
HAYEK
&
MARKGRAF
1933,
RIEDL
1967), andithas also been redescribedas
A .
maculatum subsp. danicum
PRIME 1961 and
later recombined
as
A .
Orientale subsp.danicum
(PRIME) PRIME
1980.
Rather often,
it was
also identified
as A.maculatum var.
im~
maculatum REICHENB." (The characters givenforthis varietyin the key of
the varieties
inRIEDL 1979fit
perfectly well
to
A.alpinum.)
Our
species
has been even included
inA italicum:A i var.lanceolatum
(Boiss.
&
HELDR.) ENGL.
-
After some early remarks
by
DIHORU
1970,
it
were
TERP
1971,
1973andBEDALOV
1973a,
b,1976 who,
based
on
morphological,
cytotaxonomical
and
phytogeographical investigations, recognized this
taxon
as a
well distinct separate species. Later,
A alpinumis
treated
by
RIEDL
1979as asubspeciesof
A
Orientale
M.B. and by
PRIME
1980as a
synonym
of
A.Orientalesubsp.Orientale.
GUTERMANN
&
al.
1973, however,
ranked
our sib as a
(micro)species within
A. maculatum agg.
which
comprises also A.maculatum andA.italicum. Recently, BOYCE1989, 1993,
likewise, treats A.alpinum
at
species rank.
Recent investigations
in
the
genus
Arum
(TERP
1971, 1973,
BEDALOV
1973a,b, 1975a,b, c, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1994,
BEDALOV&GUTERMANN1982, BEDALOV& al. 1993a, b, BEDALOV&BRONIC
1994, BEDALOV
&
DRENKOVSKI
1994,
GREUTER
1984,
BOYCE
1989, 1993),
however, revealed that A.
alpinum
differs
not
only from A.
maculatumbut
also from
A.
Orientale,
A.
italicum MILLER
and A.
creticum Boiss.
&
HELDR. ,i. e.
from species with which
A.
alpinum often
has
been
and fre-
quently still
is
misidentified.
Althoughthedifferences between these species have been discussedin
severalof thepapers mentioned above,
it
seems necessaryandappropriate,
before considering phytogeography,
tosum up
here what
we
consider
the
main diagnostic characters,
in
order
to
avoid future confusion.
2. Distinction from other species
Arum alpinum hasa
depressed-globose
to
discoid tuber
(ina
vertical
to horizontal position);theleavesareusuallynot oronly slightly sagittate
and uniformly green;
the
peduncle (= scape) usually
is
about
as
long
as the
petiole;
the
limb (blade)
of
the
spathe
is (if
flattened) ovato-lanceolate
to
elliptic-lanceolate and notmore than about 2
1
/zto 3timesaslongas the
tube (i.
e.
thelower, closed part
of
thespathe), pale greenishon theinner
side
or
slightly purple
on the
inner border;
the
appendix
ofthe
spadix
is
more
or
less purple, uniformly cylindrical
(=
vermiculate )
or
somewhat
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enlarged at the top, but the stipe (= stalk) usually is not very distinct (i . e. ,
the appendix is either not differentiated into a club and a stipe (or stalk) ,
or i t is , but with the basis of the club gradually tapering into the stipe); the
whole spadix is usually about half the length of the whole spathe or
slightly longer (rarely shorter); the upper sterile flowers are usually in
4-6(-8) row s; the ma le flowers a re dar k p urp le. It is a diploid (2n = 28),
which has been confirmed several t imes and for different parts of the dis-
tribution area (see also
P E T E R S E N
1989).
T herefore, w e sup pos e tha t several diploid chrom osome co unts (2n =
28) under the names "A.maculatum and "A .italicum refer to plants be-
longing to
A. alpinum,
being misidentified: H A G E R U P 1942, 1944:
"A . maculatum f rom Danmark; Wcis to 1970: A . maculatum f. im -
maculatum from Poland; and even D A H L G R E N & al . 1971 and N I L S S O N &
L A S S E N
1971:
both
A . italicum
from Mallorca. (Unfortunately, up to now
we did not succeed to examine the voucher specimens of these counts.)
A .
alpinum differs m ainly by its vertica l (discoid to depressed-globo se)
tuber shape from both A. maculatum and A. italicum which show hor-
izontal (cyl indrical , rhizome-l ike) tubers. The peduncle in
A . maculatum
usually is a l i t t le longer than half of the petiole, and in A. italicum it is
usually shorter than half of the petiole. The leaves in A. maculatum are
oblong-hastate to -sagi t tate , e i ther uniformly green or + marked with +
dark purple spots; in A. italicum they are larger, usually more distinctly
hastate , uniformely green or marked with bright spots and/or veins , but
sometimes (also addit ional ly) marked with dark purple spots. The spathe
in
A. maculatum
is elliptical or bro adly ovate-elliptica l , pale greenish,
sometimes marked inside with purple (blackish) spots, rarely totally suf-
fused with purple. In A. maculatum, the spa the's l imb is more th an th ree
times as long as the tube, in
A. italicum
usually it is even much longer and
wider; in both species, thus, the spathe's l imb is larger and longer than in
A .
alpinum. This differential character so far has not been observed con-
sistently and has also so far not been stressed sufficiently in any descrip-
tions of the species. (For a recent survey of the differential characters be-
tween A. maculatum and A. alpinum see also
F I S C H E R
1994.) The appendix
of the spadix in A. maculatum is pu rple or yellow an d its distinc tly en-
larged up per pa rt (" club") is at i ts base sl ight ly tape ring into a st ipe wh ich
is as long as the upper part or slightly longer, while in A. italicum t he up-
per part of the appendix is l ikewise as long or longer than the stipe, but
more clearly separated from the stipe and mostly yellow. Finally, both
species are polyploid: A. maculatum is a tetra plo id (2n = 56), A . italicum is
a hexaploid (2n = 84). For further differential characters of A.
maculatum
a nd A. italicum see B E D A L O V 1975a and 1977, and for the chromosome
counts given by different authors see P E T E R S E N 1989.
The other species often confused with A. alpinum, viz. A . Orientale,
A .
creticum Boiss. &
H E L D R . ,
and A. idaeum
C O N S T .
&
G A N D . ,
share the
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discoid-globose tuber, the always uniformly green leaves and the diploid
chromosome number with
A. alpinum,
but they differ mainly in in-
florescence characters: In A. Orientale,the leaf blade is usually more
elongate than in
A. alpinum.
In
A. Orientale
subsp.
Orientale
the spathe's
limb is broadly ovate, pale greenish or + purplish, while in subsp.
longi-
spathum it is elongated oblong-lanceolate and also pale greenish or pur-
plish but along the border. In both subspecies the limb of the spathe is
always more than 3 times as long as the tube and thus different from
A . alpinum.InA. Orientalesubsp.Orientale,the spadix is about as long as
half of the spathe, sometimes a little shorter or a little longer (thus not
different from A. alpinum),while in subsp. longispathumit is always dis-
tinctly longer than half the spathe; the spadix appendix-club, in
A .
Orientale,is wider, cylindrical or slightly conical, dark violet to violet-
brownish (rarely yellowish) and clearly separated from its stipe; the ap-
pendix-club in subsp.Orientale is 1-2 (3) x , in subsp.
longispathum
4-6 x
as long as its stipe. The peduncle is - in subsp.Orientale- about half or less
than half the petiole, but in subsp.
longispathum (REICHENB.) ENGLER
it is
as long as the petiole (i. e., like inA. alpinum).
A .
creticum differs fromA. alpinummainly in shape and colour of the
inflorescence (according to
PRIME
1980 and
GREUTER
1984):
A. creticum
has
a pale green to whitish-yellow spathe which is less constricted, more in-
flated at base and more open than in
A. alpinum
and in the other species;
its limb is twice as long as its tube and usually patent. The appendix of the
spadix is yellow, fusiform, somewhat attenuate at the base and towards the
apex but never distinctly stipitate; the spadix in
A. creticum
is distinctly
exserted, the male zone is as long as the female zone or longer (10-20 mm),
and the upper sterile flowers are absent or rudimentary.
A . idaeum
differs (following the key and description by
GREUTER
1984)
from A. alpinum in the milky white spathe, the fusiform spadix slightly
attenuate to both ends but not distinctly stipitate, and the upper sterile
flowers being rudimentary or absent.
In the key to the species provided byBOYCE1993: 57-59 it is impossible
to key out typical specimens of
A. alpinum,
because leads 10 and 15
(leading toA. alpinum)state that the spathe-tube is not bicoloured on in-
ner surface but uniformly white or greenish white ; the description of
A . alpinum
(on
p .
87) as well as most of the living specimens observed by us
show, however, the basal part being pale greenish but the upper one
purple.
3 . Dis t r ibu t ion
TERP1973 stated that A.alpinumis distributed in the eastern part of
Central Europe up to Schleswig-Holstein and Danmark. In Danmark it
was reported as A. maculatumsubsp.danicum
P R I ME " ,
later on, by
TERP
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1973, as "A.alpinum subsp. danicum ( P R I M E ) T E R P and, in Flora Europaea
( P R I M E 1980), as A . Orientale subsp. danicum ( P R I M E ) PRIME . B E D A L O V
1973b (and unpubl.) , resulting from her morphological , karyological and
phytogeographical invest igat ions on (former) Yugoslavian and Danish
plants also establ ished that the diploid
Arum
in Danmark belongs to
A . alpinum.
These findings have been confirmed also by
N I E L S E N
&
U G E L V I G
1986.
B E D A L O V
&GUTERMANN 1982 have shown the distribution of
A . alpinum
in E . A ustria wh ere it displays geograph ic vicariism w ith
A . maculatum
(present in cen tral an d
W.
and S. Austr ia) .
B E D A L O V
1973a, b,
1976,
1981 ,
B E D A L O V
&
B R O N I C
1994 recorded
A. alpinum
for several re-
gions of former Y ugoslavia (Vojvodina, Ba ranja, S erbia, K osovo, R. of M ake-
donija , Dinaric parts of Bosnia and Croat ia) and for N. Greece and Bul-
garia (W. Stara planina) . Besides, A.
alpinum
has been recognized in
S. I taly
( B E U R E T
1972, 1977,
B E D A L O V
1980, 1982, 1983, 1984,
B E D A L O V
&
al.
Fig. 1. Records ofA rum alpinum in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula: R. of
M akedonija, G reece an d Turkey. - O = records from liter atu re
(BEDALOV
1976, 1981 ;
GREUTER 1984); 0 = presen t investigations; O
=
herbarium specimens intermediate
between A. alpinum andA. Orientale.
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1993a,b) andevenin the
W.
M edi terranean area: C ors ica ,S.France , S pa i n
( L V E
&
K JE L L Q U I S T
1973,
B E U R E T
1977,
B E D A L O V
1983). Recently,
G R E U T E R
1984 record sA. alpinum forC rete.
Our studies of different herbarium collections revealed a stil l larger
distr ibu tion rang e of
A. alpinum
in
the E. M edi terranean area:
it
also o ccurs
in continental Greece, and on the island Evvia (=E uboe a) . The B a l k a n
Peninsula par tof its range accordingto the present state ofknowledgeis
shownby Fig. 1. The other species and subspe cies men tioned above also
show characterist ic and dist inct distr ibution ranges
( B E D A L O V
1981):
A .
italicum
is distr ibuted from the Caucasus throughout the Mediterra-
nean regionup to the Atlant ic coastand to S.E n g la n d andgrows ma inly
within the eumediterranean vegetat ion zone
( B E D A L O V
1973b, 1975a, 1981).
A .
maculatum
has a
wide dis t r ibut ion
in
cent ral
and
W. Europe
( T E R P O
1973, B E D A L O V1 973b, 1976, 1977, 1981);
in
the B alkan P eninsula and
in
the
Medi terranean regionit is probably much rarer than givenin the l i terature
because it has been m ostly confused w ith A. alpinum. K U Z M A N O V1993
reports a chromosome count of 2n = 56 for
A rum alpinum )
un-
fortunately, up to now we could not t race nei ther the locality nor the
voucherofthis record.
A .
Orientale
subsp .
Orientale
hasbeen confirmed so far for R oum ani a ,
Bulgar ia ,S.S erbia, the R.ofM akedonija , and N E . G reece
( BEDALOV
1973a,
b,
1981, 1989,
B E D A L O V
&
D R E N K O V S K I
1994).
It
does, however,
not
reach
A us t r i aand isprob ably also absent from H ungary: Thedis t r ibut ion data
given
by
BOYCE 1993:
96:
"From A ustria (around V ienna)
and
P o l and
...
and onp .16:"from southern A ust r ia" and hism ap 6 (p. 95) are allwrong,
this mistake probably originat ing fromnotconsideringA.Orientalesubsp .
alpinum ( S C H . & K.) H. R I E D L in H E G I , Fl. Mittel-Eur., 2nd ed., II/1: 333
(1979)as a synonym of
A.
alpinum (see above), missing in
B O Y C E ' S
syno-
nym yon p. 87. This mistakeis evident alsoin
M I L L
1984: 47. (The alleged
presence
of
A.
Orientale
subsp .
Orientale
in
P o l and
is not
ment ioned
in
B O Y C E ' S
map 6.) -
A.
Orientale
subsp.
longispathum is
restr icted
- as to
present knowledge - to some Dinaric mountains: Lovcen, Orjen, Mosor ,
Biokovoand Velebit ( B E D A L O V 1973a,b, 1975c, 1981 , 1989, 1994).- (A sthe
third subspecies , BOYCE 1993includes subsp.
sintenisii,
a local endemic
restr icted toN E . C yprus .)
A .
creticum is known only from the islands of Crete and K a r p a t h o s
in Greece, for SW.A natolia and some Turkish Is lands ( B E D A L O V1981,
G R E U T E R
&al.1983 ,
G R E U T E R
1984,
M I L L
1984).-
A.
idaeum isendemicto
the higher mountains
of
C rete
( G R E U T E R
1984).
Resulting from these findings, A. alpinum, a species described from
the Transsylvanian Alps
by
S C H O T T
in
1851
and
hundred years la ter
con-
sidereda central-european species
( T E R P
1973) , turn sout tohavea m u c h
larger distr ibution, namely alsoin thewhole m edi ter ranea n area.
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109
Recently, BOYCE 1993presented a map of the total distributionof
A . alpinum
which, however,as topresent knowledge, doesnotconsiderthe
large distributional gaps
in
Central Europe (most
of
France
and of Ger-
many,all ofSwitzerland, western partofAustria).
4. Herbar ium spec imens of
A alpinum
seen
The studyis basedon material from the following herbaria: Bota-
nicki zavod, Prirodoslovno-matematicki fakultet, Zagreb, Croatia(ZA);
Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Athens, Greece (ATH);Bot-
any Instituteof theVienna University, Austria (WU); Botany Instituteof
the UniversityofGraz, Styria, Austria (GZU); Naturhistorisches Museum
Wien (W);Botanische Staatssammlung Munich, Bavaria, Germany(M);
Conservatoire Botanique, Geneve, Switzerland
(G);
Institut botanique,
Montpellier, France (MPU); Instituteof Botany, Charles University,Pra-
gue, Czechia (PRC).
Greece:
Crete: Omalos ( Amalos ), rochers ombrages, 24.5.1884, REVERCHON
278, subA creticovar.lanceolato [Boiss.&HELDR. ,nom. mid.,typeof
A . italicum
var.
lanceolatum
(Boiss. &
HELD R.) ENG L. ,
seeabove] (ZA, WU,
MPU, PRC).
-
Kissamos, 1884, REVERCHON,
sub
A cretico
var.
lanceolato
(WU). - Recently, GREUTER1984established somenewlocalitiesfor this
species
in
Crete (included
in the
map Fig.
1).
Peloponnisos: Mt. Killini (= Kyllene), 1870, HALCSY,subA vulgari
(WU).
A t t ik i (= Attica): Athens (Athina), subA orientalietA. maculatovar.
angustato E N G L .
(M).-Mt. Parnes[=Parnis], 1854,
ORPHANIDES
2679,sub
A . vulgari L A M .(G); 1858,HELDREICH3101, subA heldreichiiBoiss.
(G).
Viotia (=Boeotia):Mt Parnassos, 28.6.,s. a., Reliqu. ORPHAN.,cur.
Th. de
HELDR.,
subA maculato (WU); Mt Parnassos, 1854,
ORPHANIDES
2742,
sub
A orientali
et
A maculato
et
A vulgari (G).
-
Mt. Ossios,
Par-
nassos, 1854, ORPHANIDES2659,subA vulgarietA heldreichii (G).- Li-
vadhia, Parnassos, 1750-1900 msm, 1968,STAMAT IADOU3057, undet., (ATH).
Evvia (=Euboea):Mt. Dhirfis (= Dirphys), Stem, 700-750msm,
STAMATIADOU 8429, undet. (ATH).- Chalkis, B E C K , subA orientaliet
A .
maculatovar.angustato ENGLER(M).
5.The
Speci mens from Turkey (Around Is ta nb ul )
WhetherA alpinum is present around Istanbulas statedbyBOYCE
1993:90 ( ... to
NW Turkey,
map 5, p. 89 ) or
not,
in our
opinion, remains
doubtful
and
needs further careful investigation.
A
specimen
in
herb.
G,
collectedbyG.VAZNAVOUR( lieux sees, Hauteurs de Tchenguelkeuy ),no.
2033bis, 14.5.1896, from near Istanbul,sub nom. A.OrientaleM. B. v.
gratum E N G L . " ,
revisedby R. R.
M I L L
(S.d.) as A.
maculatum
and by
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110
P.
BOYCE (1987) as A.alpinum (first record for Turkey)" seemsto be the
basisof
B O Y C E 'S
opinion. Considering several more specimens from around
Istanbul , col lected
by J.
N E M E T Z ("Flora Byzantina", from
the
"envi ron-
ments of Constant inople" , in he rb .WU and G Z U ) ,wewo uld l iketo u t t e r
some doubts whether these specimens represent
A.
alpinum
(Grid system
likeinP.H. D A V I S :FloraofT urkey) :
A 2(E)prov. Ista nbu l: " T hera pia" [= T arabiya] , foret , 17. IV.1897:det.
K .
H.
R E C H I N G E R
as
A.
italicum , det. R. R.
M IL L 1981
as
A.
maculatum
(WU, GZU); a third specimen from the same gathering, det. as
A .
byzantinum byR .R.
M I L L
1981 (WU), looks,in our opinion, verysi-
milar.
A 2 (E) prov. Istanbul: Belgrad forest [= B eigrat o rma ni] , B ahgeky,
14.
VI. 1896:
det. K. H.
R E C H I N G E R
as
"A .
italicum ,
det. R. R.
M I L L
1981
as
"A . byzantinum (WU).
A2 prov. K ocaeli : T uzla, 25. IV. 1897: det. K. H.
R E C H I N G E R
as
A.
italicum ,
det. R. R. M I L L 1981 as A.
byzantinum
and quoted in M I L L
1984: 46(wronglyas "1 5. IV. 1897") (WU).
A2 prov. K ocaeli : P endik, 23. IV. 1897: det. K. H.
R E C H I N G E R
as
"A .
italicum , det. R. R.MILL
1981
as A. cf.byzantinum (WU).
All these specimens,in our opinion, are likelyto be conspecific.Evi-
dently, they
do not
belong
to A.italicum , a
species present
in the
envi ron-
ments
of
I s t anbul
as
well.
The
discoid rhizome (though scanty,
i. e. not
preservedin allspecimens) disagrees with A .byzantinum. (The descript ion
of A. byzantinum given by BOYCE 1993: 67 closely follows MILL 1984: 46
who includes the N E M E T Z specimens cited above into his descript ion )
Rather probably, as to our knowledge for the t ime beingand due to the
scanty material , these N E M E T Z specimens from near Istanbul belong
to
A . Orientale (subsp. Orientale) ra t he r t han to A. alpinum: The peduncle
(scape)is very short , halfof thepetiole or shorter;the leave bladeis often
more elongate than
in
typical
A.
alpinum;
the
limb
of the
spathe
is 3-4
t imes as longas its tube ,and the clubof the spadix appendix iswelldis-
t inct .
- It
m u s t
be
noted tha t M I L L 1984 does
not
ment ion A.
alpinum at all
and t ha t he does not record A. Orientale from the Istanbul region.(The
quest ion , whether there are 2
[ RECHI N G ER
1938:69] or 3
[ M I L L
1984] or 5
[ B O Y C E 1993] species
ofA rum
growing around Istanbul seems
to be so far
s t il l unansw ered and unanswerable . )
The descr ipt ions of these species given by BOYCE 1993:87-94 repo rt
also some size differences:
of
tuber , pet iole , leaf blade, spathe-tube
and
especial ly spathe length (A.alpinum: up to 14 cm; A.Orientale:more tha n
14,5 cm ) ,
A.Orientale
general ly ha ving
the
higher values than A.
alpinum.
O ur N E M E T Z mater ia l in these respects, however, shows relativelylow va-
lues, thus being more closeto
A.
alpinum t h a nto A.Orientale (subsp. Ori-
entale).
The
shape
of the
staminate f lower zone,
on the
other hand
how-
-
8/9/2019 Arum Alpinum
9/11
I l l
ever,
is
short ,
2-4mm
long , "quadrate" , thus , according
to
BOYCE'S
de-
script ions, f i t t ing much bet ter
to
A. orientate t han
to
A. alpinum.
(We
cannot
and we
m us t
not
restra in from rem arkin g
the
incongruence
or
contradict ion be tween
the
descript ion
ofA.
alpinum
and the
relevant
fig-
ures
in
BOYCE
1993: 88: "stam inate f lowers
in a
cylindric zone
5-6
mm long,
3-4 mmw i d e " ;
the
figures,
in
contrast , show
a
quadra t e
or
even shorter
zone,
4-5 mmlongand 6-7 mmwide ) .
In fairness,
we
emphasize that
we
found
one
correct statem ent
in
BOYCE
1993:
92
whi ch we fully agree with: The s ta tus
of
many eas tern
Europe an popul a t i ons
of A.
Orientale
has yet to be
finalized.
...
m u c h
remains
to be
done ." This
is
t rue l ikewise
for the
Is tanb ul area
at the
border be tween EuropeandA sia.Ourobservat ionson the specimens from
the Istanbul region confirm
our
opinion
on the
ra th er close affinity
of
A .
Orientale
andA .
alpinum.
We wond er, therefore, ifna tura l re la t ionsare
taxonomical ly presented best
by
pu t t i ng
A.
alpinum into
a
subsect ion
of its
ow n
(BOYCE
1993: 55, 85, 90). T he desc riptionof
A.
subsect . Dischroochiton
does
not
include A.
Orientale
subsp.
sintenisii;
the
only substant ia lsub-
sectional differential character remaining
inhis
subsect ional descript ions
isthe presence (subsect. Dischroochiton) orlack
of
scent (subsect. Alpina)
ofthe inflorescence, respectively. That 's why
it is
notable thatA.
alpinum
near Vienna (Austr ia)
is
never scentless
but
shows remarkable foet id odour
(diagnost ic character
of
"subsect .
Dischroochiton ),
smelling exactly
"moderate ly
of
ho rse-d un g" ( like statedby
BOYCE
forA . orientale)l
6 . A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t
The f i rst author
is
thankful
to all
herba r ia ment ioned
for
s tudy
fa-
cilities,the second authorto H.
TEPPNER
for useful advice.
7.
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