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Active/Cooperative Learning
Michael PrinceProfessor of Chemical Engineering
Bucknell University
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The Active Learning Continuum
ActiveLearning
Problem-Based Learning
Make thelecture active
ProblemsDrive the Course
Instructor Centered
StudentCentered
CollaborativeLearning
CooperativeLearning
InformalGroupActivities
StructuredTeamActivities
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Effectiveness of Short Activities:Less Can Be More
With Pause Without Pause
Short term recall
108 correct facts recalled after lecture
80 correct facts recalled after lecture
Long term recall Average exam score = 84.9
Average exam score = 76.7
Ruhl et al., Using the Pause Procedure to Enhance Lecture Recall”, Teacher Education and Special Education, Vol. 10, Winter 1987
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Active Learning: Twice As Effective as Lecturing
Hake, R., “Interactive Engagement vs. Traditional Methods”, Am. J. of Physics, 1998.
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Incorporating Active Learning: Variations on How We Ask Questions
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Common Faculty QuestionsHow much time does it take to prepare?
Can I still cover the syllabus?
Often very little YES!!
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Active Learning and Teams
Consider the Following Scenario You assign 4 homework problems to teams of
4 students Students pick teams One solution handed in Same grade for all
What could go wrong?
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CL Criteria: Structures to Improve Teams
Positive interdependence
Individual accountability
Face-to-face interaction
Appropriate use of interpersonal skills
Regular self-assessment of group functioning
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Does Cooperative Learning Work?
• Achievement:
• Retention:
• Student Attitudes
50 70
Springer et al., “Effects of small-group learning on undergraduates in science , mathematics, engineering, and technology: A meta-analysis”. Review of Educational Research, 1999