SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMEPRIORITY 4AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
Aeronautical Surveillance & Planning byAdvanced Satellite-Implemented Applications
AGCFG4 and NexSAT9 MeetingBrussels, 13th and 14th September 2007
Antonio Paradell, Atos Origin
ASPASIA Project Presentation
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Index
OverviewManagement dataConsortiumObjectivesWork organisation
MethodologySelection of surveillance applicationsThe Satcom platformTestbeds and Satcom platform
System designApplications and ScenariosValidation platforms
Satcom architectureConclusions
Expected achievementsRelevance to SESAR
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Overview:Management data
ASPASIA: Aeronautical Surveillance & Planning byAdvanced Satellite-Implemented ApplicationsStart date: March 2006Duration: 27 monthsFinish date: June 2008Total budget: 4.2 M€
Project funded by the European Commission under Priority 4 (Aeronautics and Space), Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, Directorate F.
EC contribution: 2.4 M€The ASPASIA consortium is composed of 11 partners from six different European countries.
Project Coordinator: Atos Origin, SAE
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Overview:The ASPASIA Consortium
Atos Origin, SAE Project Manager and WP2 leaderThales Alenia Space France SatCom Manager, WP1 & WP3 leaderBAE Systems Testbed designerUniversity of Glasgow Testbed designer SOFREAVIA Testbed designerSkysoft Portugal SatCom architecture and simulatorAIRTEL ATN SatCom architectureAENA Aeronautical Manager & WP5 leaderEuro Telematik CDTI for testbedsIndra Espacio SatCom architectureINECO WP4 leader
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Overview:Why ASPASIA?
Air Traffic Management relies on the CNS paradigmCommunications: AMSS is the current standard, but needs to be updated
Industry initiative: Inmarsat Swift64 (Aero-BGAN)EUROCONTROL initiative: NexSatESA initiative: Satellite Data Link System (SDLS)
Navigation: Application of satellites is well-known
Surveillance: Look at applicability of these satellite systems to Dependent Surveillance
ASPASIA is an initiative that emerges from the SDLS consortium (Alcatel, Airtel, Indra, Skysoft and Atos Origin)Show to the aeronautical community all possible applications of satellite systems. Since Navigation and Communication are already covered, ASPASIA focuses on Surveillance
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Overview:The added value of the Satellite
Global coverageProvides coverage in oceanic and desert airspaceProvides coverage where the deployment of ground infrastructure is too expensive, too complex, or too dangerousEases the deployment of standard and homogeneous systemsOptimum efficiency for broadcast and multicast applications
Complementary systemProvides additional capacity in high density areasFull coverage in oceanic air spaceMay accommodate bandwidth-hungry TIS-B applications, thus freeing bandwidth that can be used, e.g. for air-air ASAS
Backup systemAll infrastructures (ground and air) are independent from other systems
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Overview:Project Objectives
Surveillance application framework
Testbeds
Technological SatCom issues
Assessment of the benefits of SatCom systems for surveillance applications
Investigation of new advanced Satellite Communications technology as complementary ADS-B and TIS-B data link in the provision of surveillance applications
Validate SatCom requirements for surveillance applications
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Overview:Work Organisation
WP 0: Project Management – Leader: Atos OriginDeal with all the management and coordination aspects of the projectWP 1: Analysis of requirements – Leader: AlcatelElaborate and consolidate the requirements of the selected applications, consolidate the SatCom requirements for surveillance applications, definition of the SatCom simulator, and definition of the validation strategyWP 2: Design & Implementation – Leader: Atos OriginDesign and implementation of the selected applications and the Satellite simulator platform; outline also the pre-operational architecture of future Satcom system for supporting surveillance applicationsWP 3: Test & Validation – Leader: AlcatelIntegrate, test and validate the prototype solution; test results are fed back to the implementation phase (WP 2)WP 4: Cost benefit analysis – Leader: INECOElaborate the Cost Benefit Analysis of using SatCom technology for surveillance applications, in comparison with the use of ground based communicationsWP 5: Dissemination – Leader: AENAConduct dissemination activities for the project results
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Methodology:Selection of applications
GS applications AS applications Why?ADS-B-NRAEquipment: ADS-B (Out)Mature requirements
ATSAWEquipment: TIS-BBroadcast nature
ASPA-S&MEquipment: ADS-B (Out and In)En-Route and TMAATSA-ITPEquipment: ADS-B (Out and In)Oceanic airspace
Satom as complementary data linkMore favourable for Satcom use
ADS-B-ADDEquipment: ADS-B (Out)Gate to gate: all airspaces
Satom as complementary data linkLess favourable for Satcom use
ITPEquipment: ADS-B (Out)Satcom enabled
Satcom as main data linkEnable new applications
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Methodology:The Satcom platform
Purpose of the Satcom platform is to Validate and DemonstrateSurveillance over Satellite
Validation takes place through a software framework developed inline with the last evolutions proposed for NGSS, the ASPASIA Satcom Simulator
Demonstration takes place through a real satellite platform, based on Thales 9780 DVB-RCS system
The developed surveillance applications may indistinctively run over either of the two Satcom platforms
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Methodology:Testbeds and SatCom platforms
ASPA
-S&M
ATSA
W / TIS-B
AD
S-B-N
RA
Internetworking and Broadcasting
aspects Satellite stack
SAT emulation
Real Satellite Communication System
Aeronautics Surveillance Environment
AD
S-B-A
DD
ATSA
-ITP
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Scenario 1:ASPA-S&M application
Organisation in chargeBAE SystemsDescriptionThe objective is to redistribute tasks related to sequencing (e.g. in-trail following) and merging of traffic between the controllers and the flight crews. The controllers will be provided with a new set of instructions directing, for example, the flight crews to establish and to maintain a given time or distance from a designated aircraft. The flight crews will perform these new tasks using new aircraft functions (e.g. airborne surveillance, display of traffic information, spacing functions with advisories)Satellite considerationsControlled variations in SatCom performance (e.g. availability, latency, update rate) will be introduced to study the effects on the application performance
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Scenario 1:Functional Model
AES1
AES2
S&M
ADS-BSimu
CDTI
Server
Aircraft 2 (follow)Aircraft 1 (leader)
GES
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Scenario 1:Implementation Model
AES1
AES2
S&M
ADS-BSimu
Server
Aircraft 2 (follow)
Aircraft 1 (leader)
GES
BroadcastMulticastServer
GatewayTerminal 1
Terminal 2
CDTI
PC1-BAE PC2-ETG
DVB-RCS 9780
Additional TrafficSimulation (TBC)
1-IF1
1-IF2 1-IF3
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Scenario 2:ADS-B-NRA application
Organisation in chargeUniversity of GlasgowDescriptionThis application enables an ANSP to provide radar-like separation services in non-radar areas, and has no direct impact on the flight crew because ADS-B position reports are transmitted automatically. However, the flight crew may have to accommodate new procedures and rules in the areas of operation of the application, but they will benefit from the improved service from the ANSP. It is likely that the full benefits will only be obtained when all of the aircraft within a given area are suitably equipped.Satellite considerationsSince this is the most mature application, it will be used as a reference to analyse the impact on the application requirements when using a satellite data link. It will be used also to validate SatCom system for surveillance applications, and to derive the minimum SatCom system performance parameters.
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Scenario 2:Functional Model
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Scenario 2:Implementation Model
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Scenario 3:TIS-B/ATSAW application
Organisation in chargeUniversity of GlasgowDescriptionTraffic information system broadcast (TIS-B) collects state vector information on aircraft through ground-based surveillance sensors, reformats the information into "ADS-B-like" formats, and broadcasts these reports on the common ADS-B channel. The TIS-B service is intended to provide ADS-B equipped aircraft with a more complete traffic picture in situations where all other nearby aircraft are not equipped with ADS-B.Satellite considerationsThe broadcast nature of the TIS-B service looks very suitable for the satellite technology. In addition, the use of a satellite data link to provide the TIS-B service would save a large bandwidth in VHF for other ADS-B based applications.
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Scenario 3:Functional Model
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Scenario 3:Implementation Model
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Scenario 4:ADS-B-ADD application
Organisation in chargeSofreaviaDescriptionThis application will provide additional aircraft derived data through ADS-B to be used for ground applications; for example by the ATC ground system for developing or enhancing ATC tools like displays, MTCD, AMAN, DMAN and ground based safety nets. CDM applications will also share the benefits.Satellite considerationsThe specific constraints of a SatCom environment shall be taken into account:
Propagation delay and its effect on the arrivals and departures management.The impact of available data reception from the aircraft since its departure from the origin airport.
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Scenario 4:Functional Model
AES1
Server
Aircraft 1 Aircraft n
GES
ADS-B
Simu
AESn
ADS-B
Simu
AMAN
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Scenario 4:Implementation Model
Scenario
Definition FlightPlans
FMSs
ADS-B message generator
ASTERIX to BSE wrapper
Cat 21 messages
Air TG
Air wrapper
BSE to ASTERIX wrapper
Ground wrapper
SATCOM
BSE messages
BSE messages
ATC/MAESTRO Ground TG
FDPS
FlightPlans
RDPS
FDPS/RDPSData Generator
Cat 30 messages
TP
Scheduler
Cat 21 messages
ADS-B Message Receiver
ATCDisplay
UDP Comms
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Scenario 5:ATSA-ITP application
Organisation in chargeUniversity of GlasgowDescriptionThe ITP procedure enables an aircraft to perform a climb or descent to a requested Flight Level through one intermediate Flight Level that is occupied by a ‘reference aircraft’, using a distance-based ITP longitudinal separation minimum. Flight crew determines if the ITP criteria are met by using the information derived on the flight deck, requests an ITP and, if the controller determines that separation minimum will be met with all other aircraft, the clearance for climb or descent may be given. Satellite considerationsSatellite communications are the most credible and reliable enabler of this application, and with the very important added value of providing full awareness to the ATC of the entire ITP manoeuvre in real time. The potential benefits are enormous in terms of fuel saving and gas emission reduction.
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Scenario 5:Functional Model
Reference a/c
ITP a/c
AES 1
ITP
ADS-B Sim
CDTI
GES
Server
ATC
Other traffic
AES 3
ADS-B Sim
ADS-B Sim
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Scenario 5:Implementation Model
A/C 1
CDTI 1
Flight Plan a/c 1
UDP Comms SAT Comms
A/C 2
CDTI 2
Flight Plan a/c 2
Internal Comms
AES 1
GES 1
SAT
ATC
All Flight Plans
TIS-B service manager
HF radio Ground station
emulator
HF radio Data
transfer function
HF radio Emulator
AES 3
Traffic Generator
Other Traffic Flight Plans
ADS-B out emulator
ADS-B out emulator ADS-B out
emulator
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Validation platforms:Simulator
ComponentsASAS applicationsTraffic generatorsSatellite Link emulator
Aspects to be addressedIdentify future implementation issuesAssess the performance usage of a satellite link for broadcasting applicationsAssess the achieved improvements experienced by:
adding a separate broadcasting service entity that provides the communication services directly to applicationsoptimize data fusion tailoring the protocol to satellite link characteristics
Develop the multicasting mechanisms that can profit as much as possible from the satellite inherent strengthsAnalyse the interworking and interoperability of applications
Air
SatComSimulator
ADS-B-ADDApplication
ATSA-ITPApplication
ADS-B-ADDTraffic Generator
ASPA-S&MApplication
Ground
Air
ASPA-S&MTraffic Generator
ATSA-ITPTraffic Generator
ADS-B-NRAApplication
ADS-B-NRATraffic Generator
Air
SatComSimulator
ADS-B-ADDApplication
ATSA-ITPApplication
ADS-B-ADDTraffic Generator
ASPA-S&MApplication
Ground
Air
ASPA-S&MTraffic Generator
ASPA-S&MTraffic Generator
ATSA-ITPTraffic Generator
ATSA-ITPTraffic Generator
ADS-B-NRAApplication
ADS-B-NRATraffic Generator
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Validation platforms:Real Satellite System
Provided by ThalesGround station located in ToulouseDVB-S2 standard on the forward linkDVB-RCS on the return linkUnder experimentation in the MOWGLY projectBased on a Star topology
AS Applications:ASPA-S&MATSA-ITPATSAW
Traffic Generators
GS Application:ADS-B-NRA
ADS-B-ADD (MAESTRO)
SATELLITEEMULATOR
Features not used in ASPASIA
ALCATEL 9780 DVB-RCS
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Validation platforms:Physical Layer
At physical layer, all SatCom exchanges are performed through standard Ethernet interfaces
SatCom Simulator
BS MachineSLE MachineApplication Machine
External Components
Airborne Side
TIS-B applications
(Sender)
ADS-B applications(Receiver)
Airborne Side
ADS-B applications(Snd & Rcv)
TIS-B applications(Receiver)
AeronauticalNetwork
SpaceNetwork
Dummynet
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Validation platforms:Network Layer
At network layer, communications between the SatCom subsystems and the AES/GES applications will be performed through UDP Sockets
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Validation platforms:Application Layer
Cat21
Cat21/22
AC-Sim
AC-Sim
FMS
S&M
NRA
AC-Sim TIS-B
ADD
SatCOM Simulator
/ Real
Satellite System
AES+GES
Airborne Ground Appl.
WTIS-B Traffic/ TIS-B Manager
AC-Sim ITP
ATC
MAESTRO W
Traffic Generator
Cat30
BSE- transmission
BSE
Asterix
WCat21
Cat21/22 WTraffic Information / Traffic Information Manager
Cat21/22 W
At application layer,ASTERIX (Eurocontrol standard) format adopted as formatting standard for ground-based informationBSE (NLR proprietary standard) format adopted for air-based ADS-B and TIS-B information
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Satcom Architecture:Mission
Concept: Use Satcom to improve and complement existing ADS-B and TIS-B data links
Satcom to be seen as a component of the future ATM communication system
Potential schemes for surveillance data:From air to air (ADS-B reports)From air to ground (ADS-B reports)From ground to air (TIS-B reports)
Airspaces:TMA (Terminal Manoeuvring Area)ENR (En-Route)ORP (Oceanic, Remote and Polar)AOA (Autonomous Operation Area)
Continental Airspace
Oceanic Airspace
Radar
BROADCAST
TIS-
Bair-airdatalink
air-airdatalink
positionreporting
positionreporting
air-grounddatalink
VHF Range
Radar Range
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Satcom Architecture:Functional scenario
AssistSeparation
ElaborateSurveillance
Data
tactical controlseparation assurance
TIS-B
navigation dataradar & sensors data
flight plans
F1
F2
DistributeSurveillance
Data
ReceiveSurveillance
DataF3
F4
Broadcast TIS-B
[ADS-B]gnd
(Ownship) surveillance data
ADS-B
Broadcast ADS-B
[ADS-B]
TIS-Bpilot:/controller inputs
air domain : generate ADS-B & ownship surveillance dataground domain : generate traffic picture from ADS-B & other sources
air domain : broadcast ADS-Bground domain : generate & broadcast TIS-B
air domain : receive ADS-B & TIS-Bground domain : receive ADS-B
air domain :process surveillance data - generate S&M / ITP assistance objectsdisplay traffic information & assistance objects
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Satcom Architecture:Components and perimeter
ADS-BTransmitFunction
SSRInterogation
Reply
Transmit Aircraft Domain
AircraftSurveillance& SeparationAssistanceProcessing(ASSAP)
CockpitDisplay of
TrafficInformationand Control
Panel (CDTI)
FlightCrew
External DataSources (GNSS)
AirTraffic
Co.
ATCDisplay
ATCProcessing
Ground Domain
TIS-B MessagesADS-B Messages &SSR replies
ADS-B & TIS-BMessages
ADS-BMessages
SSRReplies
OwnshipSurveillance
TransmitProcessing
(STP)AircraftSensors(GNSS)
AircraftSystems
(FMS)
AircraftSensors(GNSS)
AircraftSystems
(FMS)
ADS-B/TIS-BReceiveFunction
Receive Aircraft Domain
OwnshipSurveillance
TransmitProcessing
(STP)
TIS-B via Sat.
ADS-B via Sat.SATCOMSATCOM
ADS-C
ATSU
From Satellite
Air SurveillanceApplications
SATCOMADS-BReceive
Subsystem &other
surveillanceinputs (radar)
SATCOM
TIS-BProcessing
andTransmit
Subsystem
Ground SurveillanceApplications
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Satcom Architecture:Communication services
Service \ Application ASPA-S&M ADS-B-NRA ADS-B-ADD ATSA-ITP ATSAW
Air to Air Unicast Option Option N/A Option
Baseline
Option
Option
Option
Option
Option
Option
Option
N/A
Air to Air Multicast Baseline Option N/A N/A
Air to Air Broadcast Option Option N/A N/A
Air to Ground Unicast Option Option Option N/A
Air to Ground Multicast Baseline Baseline Baseline N/A
Air to Ground Broadcast Option Option Option N/A
Ground to Air Unicast Option N/A N/A Option
Ground to Air Multicast Option N/A N/A Baseline
Ground to Air Broadcast Option N/A N/A Option
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Satcom Architecture:System specifications
Functional Airspace Blocks
Ground to Air Broadcast/Multicast
Ground-Air Unicast Air-Air Multicast
FAB Core 100 kbps 100 kbps TBDFABs Oceanic 50 kbps 50 kbps TBDFABs Periphery 50 kbps 50 kbps TBD
FAB
Core
FAB
NAT
FAB
MED
FAB
NTH
FAB
CTL
Current FIR UIR Future FABs (illustrative)
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Satcom Architecture:System segments
A
System Management Network
A B
BeamA1 Spot
B1
BeamA2 Beam
B2U
ser S
egm
ent
Spac
eSe
gmen
tG
roun
d Se
gmen
tSu
ppor
tSe
gmen
t
Backup NMSNominal NMS GES 1 GES i
M&C Centre
AES i
Options for a Geostationary space segment:Dedicated ATM mission space segment (MTSAT model)Shared space segment, with dedicated payload to the ATM missionShared payload (Inmarsat model)
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Satcom Architecture:Architecture Options 1 and 2
Air-Ground Supplemental Services (Short Data Service)Benefit from a priori known characteristics of downlink services, such as periodic ADS for optimising the Satcom solutionProvide the capability to collect on a ground server periodically down-linked data from aircraft, avoiding ATN overheadFor example, grabbing the ADS data on the airborne bus and inserting it in pre-allocated Satcom packets
Forward Link Physical Layer for Broadcast ServiceKeep CDMA for the Return LinkReplace the forward CDMA structure by a DVB-S2 type of carrierSome points would still need to be further consolidated:
Capability to operate at “low-rate”Approval of adaptive coding in aeronautical contextFeasibility to operate in AMS(R)S spectrum allocationsAppropriateness of DVB-S2 structure to aeronautical traffic profiles
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Satcom Architecture:Architecture Option 3
Design alternatives to provide Air-to-Air ServicesAir-to-Air over transparent transponder
Meshed topology provided by double hopMeshed topology provided through direct meshed communication from terminal to terminal
Payload must provide transponder on service links rather than feeder linksTerminal shall have the capability to process service and feeder links
Air-to-Air through onboard IF processorPayload provides capability to create RF channels from terminal to terminalTerminal on a dedicated radio-channel without any other competing usersSimple solution, but at the expense of more spectrum resources
Air-to-Air through onboard processorPayload has the capability to demodulate the signals, route the packets, and transmit the packets into the main downlink carrierThe drawback is that the system cannot further accept any standard evolution
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Expected Achievements
SatCom platform for surveillance applicationsSatCom architecture for surveillance applicationsSimulator of SatCom system for surveillance applicationsAdaptation of an existing satellite platform for surveillance applications
Assessment of the benefits of SatCom systems for surveillance applications
Simulation of SatCom impact on surveillance applicationsImplementation of selected test bed applications (ASPA-S&M, ADS-B-NRA, ADS-B-ADD, ATSA-ITP and ATSAW/TIS-B)Analysis of performance of test beds when using SatCom technologyCost-Benefit Analysis of SatCom technology for surveillance applications, compared to other ground-based technologies
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Relevance to SESAR
ASPASIA contribution to some of the Key Performance Areas (KPAs) analysed under SESAR
Key Performance Area ASPASIA potential contribution
Capacity Increase the capacity of the communication systems supporting surveillance functions, at global and regional levels
Cost Effectiveness Our Cost-Benefit Analysis will check the cost effectiveness of the ASPASIA solution
Efficiency / Flexibility / Predictability
The availability of reliable gate-to-gate data in real time can positively contribute to these areas
Interoperability Satellite-based systems, due to their global nature, are excellent candidates to guarantee global interoperability
Safety & Security Satellite-based communication systems do not have any common failure point with regards to ground-based systems
Environmental Enabler for the optimisation of trajectories in oceanic flights,and hence for large fuel savings and gas emission reduction
SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMEPRIORITY 4AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
Aeronautical Surveillance & Planning byAdvanced Satellite-Implemented Applications
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!
For more information, please contact:
Antonio [email protected]
or visit our project web site:http://www.aspasia.aero
Atos Origin, SAEDiagonal 210-21808018 Barcelona
Spain