Download - ASTHMA and ALLERGIES
![Page 1: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ASTHMA and ASTHMA and ALLERGIESALLERGIES
1
![Page 2: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Asthma and AllergiesAsthma and Allergies
1. Housekeeping Items:- washrooms- refreshment break
2. Introductions
2
![Page 3: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
ASTHMA and ALLERGIESASTHMA and ALLERGIES
Describe Asthma and the effects on the airway.
List common triggers for asthma.
Identify symptoms of asthma and EA’s role.
Discuss prevention strategies.
Common interventions and Emergency Plans.
Discuss allergies and their symptoms.
Identify common allergens that cause anaphylaxis.
Define Anaphylaxis and Emergency treatment plan.
Identify strategies to increase knowledge of Anaphylaxis, Asthma, Allergens and Avoidance.
3
![Page 4: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ASTHMAASTHMA Facts:
10-15% of Canadian children have asthma
75% of children with asthma also have allergies
Asthma is the most common reason children miss school
Asthma can develop at any age, but most common in childhood
Can seem to get better in teenage years but may return later in adulthood 4
![Page 5: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AsthmaAsthmaWhat is it?
◦Chronic lung disease affecting the airway of the lungs.
◦Causes inflammation, bronchospasms, excess mucus production in the airways.
◦Tends to run in families: Risk increases if family members have
allergies or asthma. Risk increases if you have allergic skin
problems i.e. eczema5
![Page 6: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Respiratory ProcessRespiratory Process
6
![Page 7: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Normal AirwayNormal Airway
7
![Page 8: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Asthma AirwayAsthma Airway
8
![Page 9: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Asthma SymptomsAsthma Symptoms
Cough (most common symptom in children).
Whistling or wheezing sound in chest.
Chest tightness.Feeling short of breath:
◦ Symptoms vary in severity and not all are present in all persons. They can appear unexpectedly.
◦ Persons can experience asthma with colds or seasonal allergies.
9
![Page 10: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Triggers of AsthmaTriggers of AsthmaInhaled allergensDust mitesMouldsPets (can be any
type with feathers, skin, saliva, urine, or hair/fur)
Pollens◦ Trees, grasses, and
weeds
IrritantsAir pollutionPerfumesStrong cleaners,
paint, chemicalsSmoke (cigarette,
wood)Other:Viral infections
(common cold)Exercise-induced
bronchospasms
10
![Page 11: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Managing AsthmaManaging Asthma
Controllers (usually red or orange in colour)Also known as “Preventers”Anti-inflammatory medication that reduces
inflammation and mucous in the airways.Are taken every day and will reduce symptoms
over time. Should not be stopped when symptoms decrease (without doctor’s order) as they may return.
Common Controllers:◦ Pulmicort, Flovent which are inhalers with
corticosteroid medication to reduce inflammation.
◦ Newer tablet medications are Singulair and Accolate (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) are a class of oral medication that is not a steroid but also are anti-inflammatory that work on bronchospasms. 11
![Page 12: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Asthma ManagementAsthma ManagementRelievers (usually BLUE colour)Also known as “Rescuers”.Are bronchodilators that relax the muscles of the
airway during a spasm and decrease mucous.Fast acting (usually within 1-5 minutes).Are short term fix only but can be used before
exercise or exposure to irritants/allergens. If used more than 4 times/week, controllers are
not effective enough and doctor should be consulted.
Common relievers- ◦ Ventolin (salbutamol)◦ Bricanyl (terbutaline)
12
![Page 13: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Combination Combination MedicationsMedications
Recent development of medications that contain both ‘controller and reliever’ components in one inhaler:◦Symbicort and Advair ◦Health Canada has issued an advisory
(October 2005) regarding use of these medications and treatment guidelineshttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/
advisories-avis/_2005/2005_107-eng.php
13
![Page 14: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How to Use Asthma Reliever How to Use Asthma Reliever DevicesDevices
Nebulizers
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=svG5S2wn4xQ&feature=PlayList&p=2965F6CB6E173565&playnext_fro
m=PL&playnext=1&index=8
14
![Page 15: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Inhaler Use:Inhaler Use:
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=rfAvAI6_oCY&fe
ature=related
15
![Page 16: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aero Chamber with MaskAero Chamber with Mask http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSS3HnXeYSw&feature=channelv=iSS3HnXeYSw&feature=channel
16
![Page 17: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Review of Types of Devices Review of Types of Devices for Asthmafor Asthmahttp://www.uhn.ca/Clinics_&_Services/services/asthma/docs/devices_poster.pdf
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHcG8DXUwdQ&feature=PlayList&p=2965F6CB6E173565&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=10
17
![Page 18: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Treatment PlanTreatment Plan
Asthma Attack Symptoms:
Chest tightensCoughingShortness of
breathWheezing
Treatment Plan:Assist child to take
‘Reliever’ medication.
Sit them up straight.
If allergen induced, remove from area.
Stay calm.Help child relax
and breathe.
18
![Page 19: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Emergency PlanEmergency PlanCall 9-1-1 if:Call 9-1-1 if:
1. If ‘Reliever’ medication does not provide relief of symptoms.
2. If breathing difficulty increases.3. If the child’s lips or fingertips turn
blue (or bluish tinge to skin).4. If the child loses consciousness or
becomes increasingly tired (lethargic).
5. EACH child with asthma should have an Emergency ACTION Plan. 19
![Page 20: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
EA Role in AsthmaEA Role in AsthmaKnow your student’s triggers and their
asthma care plan. Educate others!Watch for triggers as symptoms can
occur unexpectedly. Be aware of potential increase in
symptoms for both spring and fall.Assist with “Reliever” medication
administration if student unable to self-medicate.
Know emergency plan!20
![Page 21: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ALLERGIESALLERGIES
21
![Page 22: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ALLERGIESALLERGIES
What is an allergy?◦An overactive immune system
response in which the body releases ‘antibodies’ to attack the foreign particles.
◦The antibodies then stick to the particles and release many chemicals, one which is known as ‘histamine’.
◦Histamine causes inflammation and can create allergy symptoms.
22
![Page 23: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Allergic SymptomsAllergic Symptoms◦Runny nose, sneezing◦Itchy eyes◦Hives◦General swelling◦Vomiting◦Trouble breathing◦Quickened heart rate ◦And finally, loss of consciousness
(due to drop in person’s blood pressure).
23
![Page 24: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ANAPHYLAXISANAPHYLAXISIs the life-threatening, most
severe form of an allergic reaction.
A medical EMERGENCY!Usually involves more than
one body system (i.e. respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular).
Can progress through systems quickly causing swelling and breathing difficulty.
Can occur at any time following exposure to allergen.
24
![Page 25: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Symptoms of AnaphylaxisSymptoms of AnaphylaxisThe most distinctive symptoms of anaphylaxis
include: Hives - 88% Swelling of the lips, tongue, throat tightening -
56% Difficulty breathing or swallowing/ wheezing -47%Generalized flushing, itching, or redness of the
skin -46%Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
-30%Rapidly decreasing blood pressure (and
accompanying paleness) -33%A sudden feeling of weakness, dizziness -33% Anxiety or an overwhelming sense of
doom/panic/anxietyA metallic taste or itching in the mouth Collapse Loss of consciousness
(http://www.epipen.com/page/causes-of-anaphylaxis-index)
25
![Page 26: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Myths vs. FactsMyths vs. FactsMyth:Myth:Anaphylaxis is
rare.Cause is always
known.Previous allergic
reaction will predict symptoms of next one
It is easy to AVOID what your allergic to.
Everyone has allergies.
Fact:Fact:Anaphylaxis
reaction is underreported.
Originating cause is often unexplainable.
No predictable pattern as reaction can change from mild to severe (anaphylaxis).
Most cases are due to accidental exposure.
26
![Page 27: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Most Common Food Most Common Food AllergiesAllergiesPeanuts\Tree nuts
(# 1 most fatal food induced anaphylaxis trigger in Canada)
Fish/Shellfish/Seafood
WheatSoyEggsSesame SeedsFood additives
(sulfites i.e. MSG)Milk products 27
![Page 28: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Medication AnaphylaxisMedication AnaphylaxisPenicillin and
cephalosporin based antibiotics.
Aspirin (ASA) and NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) i.e. ibuprofen.
Anesthetic agents. Intravenous radio
contrast media (used for x-rays, dyes for contrast).
Immunizations and vaccines (often contain other ingredients such as milk protein, egg, sulfites). 28
![Page 29: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
STINGING INSECTSSTINGING INSECTS
BeesWaspsHornetsYellow JacketsFire ants
Black flies, mosquitoes bites cause swelling and itching but rarely anaphylaxis
29
![Page 30: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
LATEXLATEX
Latex allergies are caused by the protein in natural rubber.
Allergies are on the increase due to:
Increased exposure to latex (increased glove use, band aids).
Children who have had multiple surgeries (with exposure to medical products….gloves, catheters, IV tubing).
30
![Page 31: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Exercise-Induced Exercise-Induced AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis
Exercise can cause asthma or allergy anaphylaxis in some people.
Less common in children than teens and adults.
Most persons have a family history of allergies.
May be related to gender (females more than males), food intake before, other allergies and menses.
31
![Page 32: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ANAPHYLAXIS EMERGENCY ANAPHYLAXIS EMERGENCY PLANPLAN
1. Administer Auto-injector (Epi-Pen) even if symptoms are only suspected.
2. CALL 9-1-1 immediately (even if symptoms subside).
3. Position student so breathing is comfortable.
4. CALL student’s parents.
5. Administer second Auto-injector (if symptoms have not improved in 10-15 minutes while waiting for ambulance).
www.epipen.com32
![Page 33: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Epi-Pen (Auto-injector)Epi-Pen (Auto-injector)
1. Watch DVD2. Identify Signs of Anaphylaxis
How long does an Epi-Pen’s medication last? Answer: 10-15 minutes
3. Practice with Epi-Pen trainers4. Review emergency plan
• www.epipen.com is a free resource to order Epi-Pen trainers and DVD for sharing the EDUCATION about anaphylaxis.
Discuss ways you can diminish the risk for children with allergies/anaphylaxis in your school.
33
![Page 34: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Anaphylaxis PreventionAnaphylaxis Prevention1. Avoidance
“avoidance is the cornerstone of preventing an allergic reaction. Much can be done to reduce the risk when avoidance strategies are developed”(Anaphylaxis in Schools and Other Settings, Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
Create an allergy aware environment : Encourage hand washing as prevention to cross
contamination. Read ALL food labels for potential ‘hidden’
ingredients. Avoid all home baked and sharing of food.
Student should bring ALL own treats/ food from home.
34
![Page 35: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Avoidance Avoidance ContinuedContinued::
Plan for activities◦ Outdoors (for stinging insects):
avoiding areas where bees/wasps congregate Carry 2 Epi-Pens at all times. Each will last 15
minutes only. Avoid bright clothing and bold/flower prints. Wear shoes and long pants when walking in fields. Avoid using products with fragrance i.e. Cologne. Avoid eating outdoors. Avoid public trash baskets. Keep garbage containers closed and waste wrapped. Do not drink out of cans, bottles. Use a clear
container or protective lid.
35
![Page 36: ASTHMA and ALLERGIES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56813b53550346895da442bd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Anaphylaxis PreventionAnaphylaxis Prevention2. Education
Teaching others (parents, students, colleagues) about anaphylaxis reactions and cross contamination.
Emphasize difference between Anaphylaxis and seasonal allergies (common myth amongst people that food allergies only cause sneezing, itchy eyes etc. Most do NOT realize it could mean the ‘death of a child’).
3. Emergency Plans Know the anaphylaxis emergency plan of
each student! Know where the Epi-pens are located.
36