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Atmospheric processes in the UTLS as seen by MIPAS
Gabriele P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, H. Fischer, Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu*, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, M.
Milz, T. Steck, J. Steinwagner, D.-Y. Wang**IMK, FZK/Universität Karlsruhe, Germany
B. Funke, M. López-PuertasIAA, CSIC, Granada, Spain
*Now with: Department of Physics, University of Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
** Now with: Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 2
• Scientific questions at UTLS• MIPAS observations and retrieved species• Results – coupling between troposphere and stratosphere
SF6 as a tracer for vertical transportTransport of water vapour through the tropical
troposphereCO as a tracer for TSTIdentification of deep intrusion by MIPAS S6 mode
• Results – upper troposphereBiomass burning and industrial pollutionGHGs in the troposphereCirrus clouds
OutlineOutline
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 3
Scientific questions at UTLSScientific questions at UTLS
From G. Brasseur, SPARC mtg 2004
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 4
MIPAS Observation Geometry
Spectral high resolution mode (Sep2002 – Mar2004) only
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 5
MIPAS Global Coverage
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 6
MIPAS Spectral Coverage
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 7
Species retrieved in the UTLS
H2O, HDO, H218O
CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22CH4, N2OCOSF6C2H6, C2H2O3HNO3HO2NO2PANCirrus clouds All data shown in this talk from scientific L-2
processing at IMK Karlsruhe / IAA Granada
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 8
SF6 as a tracer for vertical transport
SF6monthly zonal means
Mean age of strato-sphericair
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 9
SF6 as tracer for vertical transport
Regression line through Engel&Bönischdata set since 1990: SF6 [pptv] = 0.222 pptv/yr (t - 1990) + 2.190 pptv
Trend MIPAS: 0.211 pptv/yrMean value 1Jul 2003 MIPAS: 5.24 pptvMean value 1Jul 2003 E&B: 5.19 pptv
See also Poster by G. Stiller et al.
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 10
Transport of water vapour through thetropical troposphere
Zonal mean distribution of water vapour during Feb/Mar 2004 over S-America (TROCCINOX 2004)
“Tape recorder”: • Imprint of tropopausetemperatures• Inter-annual variabilityMore details: contact Mathias Milz
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HDO retrievals
Zonal Mean HDO, 18 Sep 2002, 14 orbits ppmv
Zonal Mean δD, Sep 18th 2002, 14 orbits
HDO/H2O ratio (expressed as δD = permil depletion relative to standard conditions) is sensitive phase change processes
δD is used to study the processes relevant to dehydration (condensation, convective overshooting …) when water passes the tropical tropopause
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 12
CO as a tracer for troposphere to stratosphere transport
For more details on CO, see poster by B. Funke et al.
2000
600
400
800
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 13
350 K; 10-14 km
Tropopause, 2PVU
400 K; 13-18 kmHigh CO above tropopauseat 20N/20S
UTLS exchange?
CO as a tracer for troposphere to stratosphere transport
Comparison to ACE-FTSMean differences Feb/Mar 2004
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 14
Deep intrusion obs. by MIPAS S6 modeS6 Mode:Spectral resolution: 0.1 cm-¹Horizontal distance between two scans : ca. 150 kmVertical sampling (lat. dep.): 2(6) to 20 (24) km every 2 km, 24 (28) km, 31 (35) kmAttainable vertical resolution: 2 - 3 kmAttainable horizontal resolution: 110 - 140 km
2D tomographic retrieval approach, sequential estimation (Steck et al., 2005)
See also Poster 33 by T.Steck et al.
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 15
Retrievals from red. resolution mode UTLS1/2
Tangent altitude spacing:• Lowest 10 tangent altitudes: approx. 1.5 km • Tangent altitudes 11 to 13: approx. 2 km• Lowest tangent altitude: floating• Measurements every 42 s • (approx. 280 km between measurements)• Improved vertical resolution: ~ 2.5 to 3 km for T
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 16
Biomass burning observed by MIPAS
MIPAS observations of C2H6, O3, HNO3, and PAN at 275 hPa, 21 Oct – 14 Nov 2003
C2H6 / [pptv] O3 / [ppbv]
HNO3 / pptv PAN / [pptv]
600
400
200
150
100
50
800
400
0
500
300
100
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 17
Zonal mean distribution HNO3,Sep/Oct/Nov 2003
Zonal mean distribution C2H6,16 Nov 2003
Biomass burning observed by MIPAS
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Biomass burning observed by MIPAS
MATCH-MPIC model run, M. Lawrence et al., 2005
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 19
Biomass burning observed by MIPAS
MIPAS O3, 275 hPa
MATCH-MPIC O3, M. Lawrence et al., 2005
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 20
Biomass burning observed by MIPAS
MIPAS HNO3, 275 hPaAppr. 300 pptv
MATCH-MPIC HNO3, M. Lawrence et al., 2005Appr. 30 pptv!
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 21
Biomass burning observed by MIPAS
Check also posters:
Retrieval of PAN in the UTLS from MIPASby N. Glatthor et al.
Southern hemispheric biomass burning as seen by MIPASby T. von Clarmann et al.
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Long range transport of polluted air
O3 @ 8 km altitude, 21 – 28 July 2003 ppbv
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GHGs in the troposphere
200015001000500CH4 (ppb)
4
5
6
7
89
100
2
3
4
5
6
789
1000
Pres
sure
(hPa
)
3002001000N2O (ppb)
5004003002001000F12 (ppt)
250200150100500F11 (ppt)
HAGARdata 0713-1147 UTCMIPAS-E (ESA) 5386_0846MIPAS-E (ESA) 5386_0848MIPAS-E (ESA) 5386_0849MIPAS-E (ESA) 5387_1028MIPAS-E (IMK) 5386_0846MIPAS-E (IMK) 5386_0848MIPAS-E (IMK) 5386_0849MIPAS-E (IMK) 5387_1028
Comparison to BONBON, co-locations from forward/backward trajectorycalculationsJ. Baehr et al., 2004
Comparison to HAGAR, Kiruna12 March 2003
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Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 8 – 12 May 2006 24
CH4 and N2O from re-processed L1B data: Correlation to CFC-11
October 2002/2003 Northern Mid-Latitudes
N2O: High bias ~ 23 ppbvCH4: High bias ~ 200 ppbv
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Comparing MIPAS and SCIAMACHY: CH4 Global trop. distribution
C. Frankenberg et al., Science, 2005
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Cirrus clouds
Simulation of different sizes of ice particles
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Cirrus clouds: HNO3 uptakeTROCCINOX/HIBISCUS 2004 campaign
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Conclusions
MIPAS provides a wealth of information on the UTLS with vertical resolution of 4 to 6 km
Tropospheric SF6 is observed to increase by 0.221 pptv/yr well in consistency to in-situ measurements
Water vapour and isotopologues allow to study transport mechanisms of water through the tropical tropopause
CO can be retrieved down to the upper troposphere and provides a tracer for industrial/biomass burning pollution and for troposphere-to-stratosphere exchange
High spatial resolution modes of MIPAS allow to resolve STE events like tropopause folds
Biomass burning has been observed (C2H6, O3, HNO3, PAN) and has been traced back to S-American rainforest and S-African savanna burning
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Conclusions / cntd.
Model calculations compare well to MIPAS biomass burning observations except HNO3
PAN and O3 show episodes of N-hemisphere industrial pollution
GHGs in the troposphere can be retrieved with vertical resolution of appr. 4 km
CH4 distribution from MIPAS confirms SCIAMACHY observations of increased CH4 above rainforests
Microphysical properties of cirrus clouds can be retrieved from MIPAS spectra
HNO3 uptake into cirrus clouds will be studied
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Additional material
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Tropical tracers: TROCCINOX
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Tropical tracers: TROCCINOX