Download - Atom Structure Notes
6 Elements that are needed for living things ____________
____________ = 96% of the Human Body
Atoms = ________________________ ________________________ = has all the
characteristics of that element
= ________________________ ________________________
NUCLEUS
PROTONS positive (p+)
Neutrons neutral (n°)
e-e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
Electron cloud
ELECTRONS negative (e-)
All nuclei are _________ because of the ________.
Each Each elementelement has a different number of _________
NUCLEUS e-
e-
Energy Levels
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-e-
e-e-
NUCLEUS e-
e-
Energy Levels
e-
e-e-
e-e-
e-
Example: Oxygen = 8 e-
O
Atomic Number
8
15.9994
The # of p+ in nucleus
Determines which element an atom is
= the total # of particles an atom
Atomic Weight
O
Atomic Number
8
15.9994
Atomic Weight
then if you ROUNDYou will get the…
Mass Number
= the sum of p+ and n°
MASS NUMBER
Number of p+
Number of n°
Number of Neutrons = Mass # - Atomic #
O8
15.9994
So, why is this a
decimal?It is an average of all the isotopes!
What’s an isotope?
The Nuclei of 3 isotopes of H+
PROTIUM DEUTERIUMTRITIUM
1 PROTON
1 PROTON
1 NEUTRON
1 PROTON
2 NEUTRONS
Atoms that have the same # of p+ but different # of n°
Example of Compounds:•Water•Carbon Dioxide•NaCl•C6H12O6•HCl•NH4
Substance with atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined
Compounds =
Atoms come together when the result is more ________ than the individual atoms
NUCLEUS e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-e-
e-e-
If filled to capacity then it is STABLE
How do they fill energy levels?
1) BY SHARING ELECTRONS
2) BY GAINING OR LOSING ELECTRONS
Method One: sharing electronsExample: Hydrogen
e-e-
e-
Examples of Molecules with Covalent Bonding: sugars, fats, proteins, & water
MOLECULE = group or atoms held together by a covalent bond
Examples of Molecules with Covalent Bonding: sugars, fats, proteins, & water
Method Two: gaining or losing electrons
An atom (or group of atoms) that gains or loses electrons = IONION = (charged particle)
If I lose a negative electron then I will become more positive
If I gain an electron then I will become more negative
11 e-
11 p+
17 e-
17 p+
ionic
bond
Ionic bond = attractive force between 2 ions of opposite charge
MIXTURE Combination of
substances in which the individual components retrain their own properties
Can be separated Ex: chex mix
SOLUTION Mixture in which 1
or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent)
Ex: Jello