Download - Atomic structure
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Atomic Structure
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Subatomic Particles
Empty Space
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Subatomic Particle
Actual MassRelative
MassAtomic Mass
Units
Proton1.673 x 10-24
g1 1
Neutron1.675 x 10-24
g1 1
Electron9.11 x 10 -28
g1/1840
Approximately 0
•Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) = is defined as 1/12 the mass of a carbon – 12 atom
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Atomic & Mass Number
• Atomic number:
• Mass number:
• Atomic Number = number of protons in nucleus
• Mass number = protons + neutrons
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Number of electrons
• For a neutral atom:number of protons = number of electrons
• Atomic number:(# of protons)
• Number of electrons:
• Mass number:(p+ + n0)
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Isotope Notation
• Atomic Number = number of protons in nucleus
• Mass number = protons + neutrons
• Number of neutrons = Mass number – atomic number
• Number of neutrons:
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Examples
1. Neon – 20 – Protons:– Neutrons:– Electrons:– Atomic #:– Mass #:– Isotope Notation:
2. Iron – 56– Protons:– Neutrons:– Electrons:– Atomic #:– Mass #:– Isotope Notation:
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Isotopes• Definition:
– Atoms of the SAME element, but different MASS
• What is different between these 3 atoms?
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Atom OR Ion?
K
– Protons:– Neutrons:– Electrons:– Atomic #:– Mass #:
K+1
– Protons:– Neutrons:– Electrons:– Atomic #:– Mass #:
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Atom OR Ion?
S
– Protons:– Neutrons:– Electrons:– Atomic #:– Mass #:
S-2
– Protons:– Neutrons:– Electrons:– Atomic #:– Mass #:
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Band of Stability
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Radioactive
• Low Mass– Elements 1-20
– Stable – n/p ratio = 1
– Unstable – Above or Below
• Middle Mass– Elements 21-83
– Stable – n/p ratio =• 1 to 1.5
Unstable – Above or Below
•NOTE: All atoms of elements above 83 are radioactive!!!
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Radioactive
• Radioactive– Elements 84 and above
(all isotopes)– n/p ratio is too large
• Conclusions:– Number n0 = number p+ Stable– Atoms above or below this ratio Unstable– More mass Unstable (radioactive)
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Radioactive
• Lithium - 8
• Number protons:• Number neutrons:
• n/p =
• Lead - 214
• Number protons:• Number neutrons:
• n/p =
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Radioisotopes
• Definition:– a radioactive isotope of an element; produced
either naturally or artificially