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Atoms vs. Molecules
• Atom – the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
• Ex: C, O, He, Hg
• Molecule – two or more atoms joined in a definite ratio.
• Ex: CO2, O2, NaCl, C6H12O6
For a molecule to be a compound it must contain atoms of at least two different elements.
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Counting Atoms Practice
K2CO3
Ca(C2H3O2)2
NaBr
Al(OH)3
2 6
15 7
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Parts of a Chemical Equation
YIELDS
COEFFICIENT SUBSCRIPT
Reactants MUST Equal Products (Law of Conservation of Matter)
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Counting Atoms Practice with Coefficients
4K2CO3
2Ca(C2H3O2)2
12NaBr
4Al(OH)3
6Ba(MnO4)2
5Ga2(Cr2O7)3
24 24
30
145
28
66
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Are They Balanced??
Reactants MUST Equal Products (Law of Conservation of Matter)
Na2O2 + H2O4NaOH + O2
Zn + AgNO3
Zn(NO3)2 + 2AgAl + MnO
Al2O3 +3Mn
NH3 +HClNH4Cl
NOT BALANCED7 14
6
6
3
11
8
6
NOT BALANCED
NOT BALANCED
BALANCED
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How Will I Know??
Signs of a Chemical Reaction
Chemical Reaction Definition: The process of one or more substances changing to
produce new substances. (VERY SIMILAR to a Chemical Change!)
Gas Formation; Precipitate formation (solids settle to the bottom); Thermal Energy Change (heat/light given off); Color Change; Effervesces (BUBBLES!!);
Odor (smell)
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What happens to chemical bonds during a chemical reaction?
• Bond are broken down.• Atoms are rearranged.• New bonds are formed to create
new substances with different physical and chemical properties.
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How Can We Manipulate Reactions??Speed Up
Slow Down
Law of Conservation of Energy…Whatever Energy you START with you MUST finish with…
Energy CANNOT be created or destroyed!!
Increase the temperature; Increase the concentration of the reactant; Grind reactants into smaller pieces (reduce the surface
area); Agitate (stir quickly); add a Catalyst (something to speed up a reaction)
Decrease the temperature; Decrease the concentration of the reactant; Use large/solid pieces of reactants);
Add an inhibitor (something to slow a reaction)
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Romantic Reactions
See how some of your favorite characters react together…there will be laughter, love, tears, and anger.
Types of Chemical Reactions
As told by our media addictions…
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Synthesis Reaction• Two or more simple substances
combine to form a more complex substance.
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Decomposition Reaction• A complex substance breaks down
into two more simpler substances.• Reverse of a synthesis reaction.
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Single Replacement Reaction• A single element replaces one element in a
compound.• The product of a single replacement reaction
are a new compound and a single element.
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Double Replacement Reaction• Two new compounds form.
• The element with the positive oxidation state in one compound changes places
with the positive oxidation state element in the other compound.
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Practice – Balancing Equations
1. Na2O2 + H2O 4NaOH + O2
2. Zn + AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
3. Al + MnO Al2O3 + 3Mn