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Alberta Weed Survey:2009-2010
Irrigated and Dryland Fields
Agriculture and Agriculture etAgri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Julia Leeson & Chris Neeser
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Content
Overall weed abundance
Trends
Distribution maps
Results from weed managementquestionnaire
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Background
1stWeed Survey 1930-1931
Series of partial surveys 60s and 70s
Intensive survey Fort Vermillion in 1985(model for future surveys)
1stProvince-wide survey 1997 (684
fields)
2001 survey 1153 fields surveyed
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What we did in 2009
Irrigated Fields (12 districts)
Surveyed 571 fields out 600 target
Distributed 600 questionnaires, 239were returned (38%)
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What we did in 2010
Surveyed 959 dryland fields (target1200)
Covering 88 ecodistricts Mailed out 950 questionnaires, of which
235 were returned (25%)
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Weed Survey Protocol
100 paces
100
paces
5
1 10
15
20
20 paces between
samples
Field corner or
other convenientstarting point
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Data Analysis
Relative Abundance = Relative Frequency+ Relative Uniformity+ Relative Density
countweedTotal
speciesweedbyCountFrequencyRelative =
quadratsofnumberTotal
speciesweedgivenawithquadratsofCountUniformityRelative =
countweedTotal
speciesweedgivenaofCountDensityRelative =
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Irrigation Districts
Irrigation District:
Western
EasternBow River
Lethbridge NorthernSt. Mary River
Taber
RaymondMagrath
UnitedMountain View
Leavitt
Aetna
Ross Creek
Calgary
Brooks
Medicine Hat
Lethbridge
Glenwood
Irrigation District:
Western
EasternBow River
Lethbridge NorthernSt. Mary River
Taber
RaymondMagrath
UnitedMountain View
Leavitt
Aetna
Ross Creek
Calgary
Brooks
Medicine Hat
Lethbridge
Glenwood
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Top 20 Species in Irrigated Broad-leaved crops (beans, potatoes, sugar beets, canola)
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Top 20 Species in Irrigated Annual Cereal Crops (includes corn)
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Top 20 Species in Irrigated Perennial Crops (alfalfa, grass hay)
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Total Weed Density by Crop
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Top 20 Species in All Dryland Crops (2010)
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Top 20 Species in Dryland Cereal Crops (2010)
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Top 20 Species in Dryland Peas and Canola (2010)
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Top 20 Species in Perennial Crops (2010)
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Since the 70s
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Since the 70s
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Since the 70s
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Since the 70s
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Maps
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Wild Buckwheat
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Wild Oat
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Dandelion
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Canada Thistle
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Cleavers
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Annual Sow Thistle
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Narrow-leaved Hawks-beard
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Kochia
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Canada Fleabane (Conyza canadensis)
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend(Relative Abundance)
2001
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The Questionnaire
33 questions specific to the surveyed field
weed management
insect and disease management
tillage, seeding, soil fertility, yield and rotations
18 questions about the farm operation
Overall weed management herbicide resistance
Sprayer calibration
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Herbicide Use: % untreated
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Herbicide Use: Barley
* includes all Monsantoglyphosate products
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Herbicide Use: Wheat
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Herbicide Use: Canola
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Herbicide Groups: 2010 Barley(56 fields)
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Herbicide Groups: 2010 Wheat (92 fields)
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Herbicide Groups: 2010 Canola(61 fields)
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Crop Rotations (2007-2010)
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Herbicide Resistance
Suspected species Nb of fields Herbicide Groups
Wild Oats 34 1, 2,
Kochia 12 2, 4
Wild buckwheat 4 2
Chickweed 2 2, 4
Cleavers 1 2
17 % of respondents suspected herbicide resistance.
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Herbicide Resistance
Confirmed species Nb of fields Herbicide Groups
Wild Oats 11 1, 2,
Kochia 4 2
Chickweed 2 2
Hemp-nettle 1 2
5 % of respondents had confirmed herbicide resistance.
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Key Conclusions
Generally good weed control in high valuecash crops (potatoes, beans, sugar beets,canola).
Weed control is better than in the 70s and80s
Annual sow thistle, narrow-leaved hawks-beard, and Canada fleabane continue to
spread
Herbicide resistance is a significant problemin spite of herbicide rotations
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Acknowledgements Julia Leeson and students at AAFC in Saskatoon
Nicole Kimmel and Cindy Samborsky from the PestSurveillance Branch
Maureen Vadnais from Ag Service Board
Agricultural fieldmen
Agricultural Research and Extension Council ofAlberta (BRRG, CARA & SARA)
Number of Crop Consultants Participating Farmers
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Chris Neeser403 [email protected]
Julia Leeson306-956-7270
Agriculture and Agriculture etAgri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
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Herbicide Timing
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Number of Herbicide Applications
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Ratings of Weed Management Practices
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Sources of Weed Management Advice
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Objectives
To quantify weed populations in terms oftheir diversity and density of the principal
annual crops grown in Alberta, either with orwithout irrigation.
To document the agronomic and weedcontrol practices used on surveyed fields
To examine correlations between weedmanagement practices and weed populations.