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Automatic Pavement Cracking Distress Measurement System
Bugao Xu and Yaxiong HuangUniversity of Texas at Austin
(512) 471-7226
December 2004
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Automated Pavement Distress Measurement Vehicle
Digital Line Scan Camera
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System Specifications
• One linescan camera: 2k pixel, 37k scan/sec• One frame grabber: 4 taps, 40MB each• GSP: position and speed• LED or halogen linear lighting device (patent
pending)• Imaging Resolution: min 1.786 mm per pixel • Image capturing and processing: Real-time• Network support
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System Capabilities
• Real-time inspection• Distance coverage: 100%• Lane coverage: Up to 12 feet (3.65 m)• Vehicle speed: 3-70 mile/hour (5 to 112 km/hour)• Pavement type :flexible and rigid pavements• Weather tolerance: cloudy or sunny• Night operation: same as in daytime
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System Output
• Format: PMIS and ASSHTO protocols• Summary data: at a given interval • Crack map: continuous• Snapshot: at an interval• AVI images: saved up to one km• Compressed images: continuous
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System Performance
• Repeatable over multiple runs: R2>0.8, CV 5.0~14%
• Repeatable over testing speeds• Repeatable under different cloud conditions• Reproducible (vehicle to vehicle)• Output data directly up-loadable input PMIS• Measurements correlate well with manual ratings
for flexible pavements
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System Benefits
• Safety (removing raters for roadway)• Low cost compared to visual rating• High data Quality • Multiple data types with one pass of vehicle• Easy data management
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Continuous Crack Maps (40ft)
Unsealed Crack Sealed Crack
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Asphalt PavementCorrelation of Multiple Scans
Longitudinal Crack on SL360 R1 432 to 436.
R2 = 0.9519
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1st Scan
2nd S
can
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Multiple ScansLongitudinal Cracks on SL360 R1 432 to 436
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 51 101 151 201stations
Fee
t/st
atio
n
#1#2#3
Transverse Cracks on SL360 R1 432 to 436
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
stations
Co
un
t/st
atio
n
1 51 101 151 201
#1#2#3
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Weather Conditions
Transverse Cracks on SL360 R1 432 to 436
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
1 51 101 151 201
Stations
Count\Station
Longitudinal Crack on SL360 R1 432 to 436
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 51 101 151 201
Stations
May 8 (heavily cloudy)
May 9 (sunny)
May 20 (cloudy)
Feet\Station
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Vehicle Speeds
Transverse Cracks on SL360 R1 432 to 436
Count\Station
Longitudinal Crack on SL360 R1 432 to 432+0.5
Feet\Station
0
40
80
120
160
200
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Scanned Section (ft)
35 mph45 mph55 mph
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Scanned Section (ft)0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
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Long Distance Data (24 miles)
0
50
100
150
200
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
lon
git
ud
inal
cra
ck
0
50
100
150
200
8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
Miles
0
50
100
150
200
16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0
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Concrete PavementTransverse (Vehicles 1 and 2)
020406080
100
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
0.1 Mile Segments
Tran
sver
se C
rack
#
V1
V2
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Concrete Pavement Transverse Cracks
Vehicle V1 V2
R1-R2 0.884 0.963
R1-R3 0.960 0.964
R2-R3 0.908 0.966
ScanScan
Correlations of Different Runs Correlations of Different Runs (Transverse)(Transverse)
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Concrete Pavement Transverse Cracks (V1 and V2)
R1 0.970
R2 0.897
R3 0.936
Correlations
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Concrete Pavement AASHTO Left Wheel Path (V1)
0
10
20
30
40
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
R1
R2
R3
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Concrete Pavement AASHTO RWP (V1)
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
R1
R2
R3
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Concrete Pavement AASHTO Between Wheel Path (V1)
05
101520253035
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
R1
R2
R3
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Concrete Pavement AASHTO Outside Wheel Path (V1)
0102030405060
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
R1
R2
R3
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Concrete Pavement AASHTO Correlations (V1)
LWP RWP BWP OWPR1-R2 0.9564 0.9071 0.9390 0.9701
R1-R3 0.9459 0.8324 0.9189 0.9427
R2-R3 0.9215 0.8263 0.9201 0.9293
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Asphalt: Longitudinal Crack(2)
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Asphalt: Longitudinal Crack (4)
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Asphalt: Transverse Crack (1)
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Asphalt: Transverse Crack (2)
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Asphalt: Alligator Crack (2)
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Asphalt: Alligator Crack (4)
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Asphalt: Sealed Crack (2)
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Asphalt: Sealed Crack (3)
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Asphalt: Raveled Pavement
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Asphalt: Patched Pavement
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Asphalt: Dark Image (1)
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Asphalt: Dark Image (2)
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Asphalt: Bright & Fuzzy Image (1)
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Asphalt: Bright & Fuzzy Image (2)
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Concrete: No tinning (3)
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Concrete: No tinning (4)
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Concrete: No tinning (10)
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Concrete: No tinning (11)
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Concrete: Wide tinning (1)
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Concrete: Wide tinning (2)
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Concrete: Spalled (1)
Spalled crack