Download - Automobile safety
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A Seminar onA Seminar on AUTOMOBILE SAFETY AUTOMOBILE SAFETY
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG TRANSFORMATION never seen before.TRANSFORMATION never seen before.
Today CAR’s are not only used for personal Today CAR’s are not only used for personal Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED withTransport but they are ENCOMPASSED with
Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME THEATRE THEATRE Seating arrangement more comfortable than your Seating arrangement more comfortable than your RECLINERRECLINERSAFETY FEATURESSAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANK making your car safer than a TANK
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•Globally car companies Spend Globally car companies Spend nearly $36 billon annually for nearly $36 billon annually for influencing new TECHNOLOGIES influencing new TECHNOLOGIES into their cars.into their cars.
•Some of the big advancement in Automotive Industry in last 10years have come in a area of SAFETY.
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In addition to Telematics based Services like • Digital Satellite Radio•In car E-mail•GPS systems
Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have led to
•Shorter stopping distance•Increased Control in PANIC situation•More control on CURVED turns
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Air BagsAir Bags
•What’s the main function of the System?•Material of Airbags?•History
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Actual WorkingActual Working
Airbag Before Collision Airbag After Collision
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Inflation unitInflation unit
•How does it INFLATES?
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Effectiveness
This system has proven its effectiveness• In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by nearly 14%•Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11%•NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only seatbelt i.e60%
Car ModelCar Model Head Injury Risk Head Injury Risk
Airbag Airbag No Airbag No Airbag
Holden Commodore 28 28 48 48
Toyota CamryToyota Camry 20 20 44 44
Mitsubishi MagnaMitsubishi Magna 6 6 27 27
Ford FalconFord Falcon 14 14 N. A. N. A.
This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the system
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Different types of AirbagsDifferent types of Airbags
DRIVERS SIDE AIRBAG
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PASSENGER AIR BAG
Curtain Airbags
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Anti-lock Braking SystemAnti-lock Braking System
• Introduction?
•Advancement in the system?
•Working?
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Advancement in the system?
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How Does the system Works?
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Working
Conventional BrakingConventional BrakingWhole process is controlled by driver applied break Whole process is controlled by driver applied break
paddle pressurepaddle pressure;;
ABS Braking ABS Braking Electric Sensors monitor the wheel speedElectric Sensors monitor the wheel speedABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed ABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed Control valve is energized.Control valve is energized.
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EffectivenessEffectiveness
ABS on a test track
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Advantages:Achives the Shortest Stopping distance
Better chance on Steering around obstacle
Reduced risk of skidding
Disadvantages:
Precautions should be taken while driving
Proved less effective on gravel road or road compacted by snow
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Traction ControlTraction Control
Next Generation ABSNext Generation ABSUses ABS as a Building block.Uses ABS as a Building block.Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine controlcontrol
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Mainly the system has to control some or all conditions
Retard or Suppress the spark to one or more cylinders
Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder
Break one or more wheel
Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by wire throttle
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Electronic Stability ControlElectronic Stability Control
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Main Main componentscomponents of the system of the system
A) active wheel speed sensors;
B) steering angle sensor;
C) Yaw rate sensor
D) attached electronic control unit (ECU)
E) motor;
F) pressure sensor,
G) hydraulic unit.
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Steering Angle Sensor
Understeering (“plowing out”) Oversteering (“spinning out”)
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Some important ECS definitions
• ESC augments vehicle directional stability by applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle.
• ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer of the vehicle when appropriate
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Case StudyCase Study
A S-Class Mercedes sedan testing Bosch's ESP system