Download - Auvsi Europe 2009
Copyright 2005-2009 A2TECH
A Research & Development Program
by
Jarno PuffA2TECH, [email protected]
Development Approach of Unmanned Technologies
for
Civil Defence Applications
AUVSI´́́́sUNMANNED SYSTEMS EUROPE 2009
La Spezia, Italy20-22 April
NURC
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Agenda
• Military UAV for Civil use?
• Integrating UAV in the Civil Defence Organisation
• Reparto Volo Emergenze - Emergency Flight Department
• Cost Comparisions
• Which UAV for Civil Defence?
• Conclusions
• Potential UAS Customers
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UAV´s are well mature for military applications and customers. PlatoonSquadron´s can count on battle proven backpack portable Micro-UAVs, like the Raven, Dragon Eye and Desert Hawk. Tactical UAV´s, suchShadow, Pioneer, Hunter, Falco that can carry a broader range ofpayloads are mature to fly in segregated airspace, or battle environments. But, the employment of this tactical UAV for civil applications will not bepossible in a short to mid-term view.
Why?
• A UAV have to assure the same level of security as the most lessadvanced ultralight aircraft.
• Price of a tactical UAV is not affordable for civil applications.
• Data-Link frequency and transmission power are not civil approved.
Military UAV for Civil use?
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What´s about Micro-UAV for civil application?
A2TECH study the use of Micro-UAV since 2004 and recognized thatstandard military UAS are not well useable for the Civil Defence industry.
The main problem are the Civil Defence organisation and the italianlandscape.
Civil Defence is mainly based on a volunteer organisation from all ages. But, most of them are over 40-50 years old. Using computers and digitalmaps could become problematic.
Civil Defence organisations does´t have easy access to digital maps formission planning and waypoint setting.
Civil Defence means natural disasters: Usually not announced by nature.
Military UAV for Civil use?
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A2TECH approach in using UAV´s
Micro-UAVs for Civil Defence and First Responders need to be useableevery time and in most of the environments and weather situations.This mean a UAV have to be flown as an aircraft that allow to takeoff everywhere, to monitor and assess the disaster and to land everywherepossible in full security, and without any autopilot. It was decided that a Micro-UAV should takeoff and land inside a football camp. Their are available everywhere in Italy and most of the time empty.
To accomplish all this points, A2TECH developed back in 2005 RealityVISION - Universal Ground Control Cockpit (UGCC). This UGCC will allow to any manned aircraft pilots to fly and control a UAV in all hisflight envelopes. We demonstrated this theory on the first RealityVISIONfight test on 20-06-2005 and on many other events and classified flight tests.
Military UAV for Civil use?
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Military UAV for Civil use?
RealityVISION - Universal Ground Control Cockpit first flight test 20-06-05
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With RealityVISION and a UAV technology demonstrator in our portfolio, we was ready to look for an engagement by the local Civil Defenceorganisation of Verona. In 2006 we met Prof. Athos Arzenton, professor at Verona´s high-school ITIS Ferraris, president of Associazione Radioamatori Italiana (ARI) Verona and coordinator for the roboticsactivities. His commitment in the local Civil Defence organisation allowsthe use of the Micro-UAV RV-02 at Garda 2006 and Sisma 2007.
Military UAV for Civil use?
Prof. Athos Arzenton(right) and Jarno Puff on RealityVISION
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Military UAV for Civil use?
RealityVISION flight at Civil Defence exercise “Sisma 2007”: Football camp
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Military UAV for Civil use?
RealityVISION flight at Civil Defence exercise “Sisma 2007”: RV-02 ready for takeoff
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Military UAV for Civil use?
RealityVISION flight at Civil Defence exercise “Sisma 2007”: UAV-Pilot ready for takeoff
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Military UAV for Civil use?
RealityVISION flight at Civil Defence exercise “Sisma 2007”: VIPs waiting for takeoff
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Military UAV for Civil use?
RealityVISION flight at winter season :-)
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From 2005 to 2009 A2TECH partecipated in the following Civil Defenceexercises:
• Garda 2006• Sisma 2007• Storm 2008• Adige 2009
Based on this experience collected in 4 year of Civil Defence cooperationwe found out the limitations of fixed wing UAV´s. Every execise showedand evidenced its own issues and particularity. Civil Defence operates in mountains, on lakes, on the sea, on flat landscapes, rivers, hills.Operational radius will be from local (few km) up to 100´s of km.The main issue is the transmission of live video to the EmergencyOperation Centers and the coordination of flight operations.
Military UAV for Civil use?
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New Questions and Issues...
We demonstrated that using a Ground Control Cockpit will allow any aircraftpilot to control and fly a UAV without any digital map, computer and complicated control software. Flying is performed instinctivetely with base aircraft piloting knowledge. One of the most important point are:UAV ARE SMALL AIRCRAFTS AND HAVE TO BE TREATED AS AIRCRAFTS WITH ITS PROCEDURES!
The Question now is: Inside the Civil Defence organisation, who will be the best target to become a UAV pilots? Of course full scale aircrafts pilots.
Targeting full scale aircraft pilots we will post the base for establishing a CivilDefence UAV Squadron.
Where catch full scale aircraft pilots?
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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At the Civil Defence exercise “Sisma 2007” we met Davide Burei, team leader of the TeamEurostar, an aerobatic team based on ultralight aircrafts. TeamEurostar helps the local Civil Defenceorganisation of Verona with aerial support since back to 1998. The group was called 1st GrupAer Verona.
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
First meeting withDavide Burei ofTeamEurostar (on RealityVISION)
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June 2008: A2TECH, TeamEurostar and the Provincia di Verona decided to establish the “Reparto Volo Emergenze - Emergency Flight Department (R.V.E-E.F.D.)“. This is the first squadron that will employmanned and unmanned aircrafts on a daily basis!
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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The Emergency Flight Department (EFD) is the first italian voluteer civildefence organisation offering low-cost airborne services. It has in service a fleet of ultralight aircrafts, light helicopters and autogyros some equipedwith UAV avionic and payload technology. The EFD was established in June 2008 with the national and international wide operation in mind.
Most of the EFD pilots are expirienced liner and ex-military pilots flyingATR, Boeing, Airbus, McDonnel Douglas, Tornado, AMX, F104, MB339, G91.
Davide Burei, president and co-founder of the EFD is an italian aerobaticvice-champion on CAP 10. Actually he logs over 12.000 flying hours and owns PPL pilot licenses for Italy, Germany, Cech Republic and the USA.Today Davide works as ultralight / LSA aircraft instructor and are a test pilot for Evektor Aeroteknik.
RVE-EFD: The Door to UAVs
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RVE-EFD: ULM Fleet
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RVE-EFD: UAV R&D
Micro-UAV RV-02 performs a flight test at A2TECH´s UAV Flight Test Center
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RVE-EFD: UAV R&D
Micro-UAV RV-VTOL16 performs a flight test at A2TECH´s UAV Flight Test Center
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The EFD´s Base Camp is located at sud of Valeggio sul Mincio, close tothe Lake Garda and the city of Verona. The Base Camp acts also asprimary A2TECH´s UAV flying test center. The grass runway measures300 m in lenght.
RVE-EFD: Base Camp
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ARI - The Radio Communication Backbone
Now we have manned and unmanned aircrafts and pilots that can sendaerial images and video streams. But... Where?
The Civil Defence organisation operates and coordinate all activities and tasks from the Emergency Operation Center (EOC), called in italian the Sala Operazioni Unificate Permanenti (S.O.U.P.) o Mobile (S.O.U.M.) and
Direzione Di Comando e Controllo (DI.COMA.C.). This means that all imagesand video streams have to be sendet to the EOC.
The Associazione Radioamatori Italiana (ARI) is the backbone for all CivilDefence communications and can operate from VHF to 10GHz frequencybands. But... an old italian law prohibits the use of any ARI frequency to beoperated from an aerial platform! If we will operate on a legal aspect, weneed to find a new way.
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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EITS - Emergency Image Transfer System
The EITS - Emergency Image Transfer System was developed by A2TECH tocreate a private plug & play network for transfering georeferenced emergencypictures and video streams in real-time, with Instant Messaging, Email, Chat and VoIP capability. The images and data are sendet to the Emergency OperationCenter over LOS (Line of Sight) and BLOS (Beyond Line of Sight). Usually the EOC is based at city centers at the Prefettura or at the Sala Controllo Regionale.
The requirement for aerial long rang transmissions will be covered by the GPRS/UMTS/LTE and Satellite technologies. The short range transfering will becovered by IP-encoded OFDM wireless video (Wi-Fi, WiMAX, LanCast, DVB). NOTE: Parapublic istitutions, such Polizia di Stato, Carabinieri, Guardia di Finanza, Guardia Forestale, Guardia Costiera, Capitaneria di Porto, etc. have lessrestrictions in using frequency and powers. The Civil Defence NEED to operate on specific frequencies and powers (ARI). THIS IS A HUGE RESTRICTION FOR UAV applications.
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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EITS: Net-Centric Operations
KW/VHF/UHF/D-Star Repeater
S-Band Wireless Video Tx/RxVHF/UHF/D-Star Tx/RxGPRS/UMTS Tx/RxEITS IM-Chat Client
OperatorMan-Portable-EITU
USV/OperatorShip-EITU
S-Band Wireless Video Tx/RxVHF/UHF/D-Star Tx/RxGPRS/UMTS Tx/RxEITS IM-Chat Client
UGV/OperatorVehicle-EITU
S-Band Wireless Video Tx/RxVHF/UHF/D-Star Tx/RxGPRS/UMTS Tx/RxEITS IM-Chat Client
UAV/OperatorAirborne-EITU
IP encoded Video Tx/RxDVBGPRS/UMTS Tx/RxEITS IM-Chat Client/Server
UAV/OperatorAirborne-EITU
IP encoded Video Tx/RxDVBGPRS/UMTS Tx/RxEITS IM-Chat Client/Server
Ground Emergency Image Management System - GEIMS
S-Band Wireless Video RxVHF/UHF/D-Star Tx/RxGPRS/UMTS Tx/RxMultichannel IP-encoded video RxEITS IM-Chat Client/Server
Base Camp - COM
Airbrone Emergency Image Management System - AEIMS
DVBMultichannel IP-encoded Video TxGPRS/UMTS Tx/RxEITS IM-Chat Client/Server
Manned/UnmannedAirborne Repeater
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Government Bureaucracy and Limitations
After finding the way of who could operate the UAV, after the establishing of the volunteer organisation “Emergency Flight Department”, after to discovered wherethe images, video streams and data have to be send, now we have to integrate allthis into the Civil Defence organisation. A NIGHTMARE!
Bureaucracy and restrictions will get you crazy. Without political sustain and pressures of people that belive in this project you will lose the task of getting a official regional volunteer organization.
You need to close a “Master Operational Agreement“ (Convenzione-Quadro) thatdefine the partnership between the Regione Veneto and the Emergency Flight Department. After this you need to set up an “Operation Protocol” that define the operational procedures of the Emergency Flight Department. Defined all this it istime to inform all “Chief of Provincia” (Regione Veneto is build on 7 Provincie) thatis the “Prefetto” (government representative), and the heads of the Civil Defence(Assessore provinciale)
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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Government Bureaucracy and Limitations
Just to give you some numbers:
• Italy have 20 Regioni• Each Regione is composed by Provincie: 107 in Total
This means that a total of 107 Prefetti and 107 Assessori Provinciali have to beinformed about the availability and the Operating Protocol of the Emergency Flight Department and its capability of manned and unmanned services.
But... today the Emergency Flight Department is ONLY Regione Veneto. We needto copy the procedures 20 times.
Become a member of the Dipartimento Nazionale di Protezione Civile (FEMA in the US) would be the best way. To achiev this you need to be present on exhibitions and to meet the right peoples of the Dipartimento that agree on the project. Not an easy task... but we are on this task now ;-)
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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Do you think it is a easy job to get out of the italianbureaucracy?
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
Mmmm... NO!
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Fundings, Sponsorships, Expenses
Today the Emergency Flight Department does´t got a single Euro for equipmentused. Just some expenses for gas and exhibition contribution was payed. All the equipment is private owned and financed by TeamEurostar and A2TECH.No fundings or sponsorships from 2006-2009 by government, banks, industrials, regione or schools helped the R&D in the unmanned niche and for the establishment of the Emergency Flight Department.
• TeamEurostar collect some money with performing aerobatic aershows.
• A2TECH is a 100% self financing private company.
THIS IS THE MAIN PROBLEM IN ITALY
COST OF EQUIPMENT IS POINT NUMBER ONE
Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
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Integrating UAV in theCivil Defence Organisation
TeamEurostar, now the aerobatic team of the Emergency Flight Department
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Cost of UAV is important - Operating UAVs is not a game or fun
Operating the unmanned RV-02 and the manned ULM Evektor EuroStar we hadthe chance to gather experience on where UAVs could be used in a real CivilDefence scenario.
Using low-cost manned aircrafts (80-150 E/h) we performed all the UAV payloadsensors, avionic, data and video-link quality, reliability and distance tests. Weknow how far we can get with Micro-UAV and we came to the conclusion: Micro-UAV are not well suited for Civile Defence applications.
Main issues will be takeoff and landing, to cover distances, ground antenna positions, obstacles such threes, buildings, hills, etc. The price/performance ratioof a Micro-UAV, like Dragon Eye, Raven or Desert Hawk is not convinient for the Civil Defence organisations. Also, a flying fixed-wing UAV need to be cleared byENAC and ATC. Collisions with other ULM / LSA or helicopters can occur.
Are UAV not useable for the Civil Defence? Why I should use a UAV?
Cost Comparisions
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Manned engineed Delta:- Cost: E 17.000 - 50.000- MTOW: 472,5 kg- Operating cost: E 25 - 50/h- Payload capacity: min 80 kg- Endurance: 5-7 hours- Range: Limited by fuel or video-link- Control surface: Pilot mechanical- Can fly everywhere and anywhere- Takeoff and landing: 70x15m- Flight-mission planning: not necessary
Cost Comparisions
Shadow RQ-7B UAV:- Cost: $ 350.000 - System cost: $ 10 million- MTOW: 172 kg- Operating cost: N/A- Payload capacity: E/O POP200 (20-30 kg)- Endurance: 5 hours- Range: 50 km with single GCS- Control surface: FCS Fly-by-wire- Can not fly everywhere and anywhere- Takeoff and landing: 100x50m- Flight-mission planning: GPS Waypoints
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Source: UAS Roadmap 2005
Cost Comparisions
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Manned light aircraft cost comparsion:
• Fixed Wing Evektor EuroStar ULM: E 70K• Fixed Wing Evektor SportStar LSA: E 100K
• Autogyro Brako Gyro: E 40K• Engineed Delta DTA Combo FC 912S: E 50K
• Rotary Wing Robinson R22: E 250K• Rotary Wing Robinson R44: E 450K• Rotary Wing Robinson R66: E 850K
• Rotary Wing Eurocopter Ecureuil AS350 B3: 1.6-2M
Cost Comparisions
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Question: Why I should buy a UAV for CivilDefence Applications, if manned light aircraftscost less and can be operated everywhere and
anywhere?
Cost Comparisions
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Which UAV could be used for Civil Defence application?
Operating manned ULM aircrafts for disaster assessments, mid to long range and endurance missions, like dozens to hundred of km and hours of requested flight time is the best price/performance ratio. A UAV class imaging payload and avionicequipped Evektor will cost around E 150K, with an endurance of 5-6 hours and a range of hundred of km.
Monitoring and assess local point and places, will become trivial using mannedfixed-wing aircrafts because you have to fly circles over the point of interest at altitudes between 100-250m.
This is a job for a rotary-wing aircraft.
Which UAV for CD?
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Rotary-Wing Platforms: The perfect fusion with manned aircrafts
Manned rotary-wing aircrafts are too expensive for just image capturing. You haveto takeoff from a remote point, fuel consumption is high and endurance is low.Helicopters will be used by the Emergency Flight Department for moving people, material, SAR, first aids, etc.
UAV rotary-wing are the perfect companion for the ground troops. It can be carriedby a off-road vehicle everywhere and with any weather situations, have anendurance of 1-2 hours, mission range of up to 5 km, lift its own empty weight, provide static images of the point of interest from all desired angles, carry a broadrange of payload sensors, and to be easy to operate. Integration to ATC and clearence from ENAC is more easy.
A2TECH works on helicopters since 2007 and after two years of R&D we belivethis is the right cost effective UAV platform for the Civil Defence organisation and parapublic istitutions.
Which UAV for CD?
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Rotary-Wing Platforms: The perfect fusion with manned aircrafts
Performing flight tests with more than a dozen of model helicopter A2TECH defined two platform sizes:
RV-VTOL16Rotor size: 1600mmConfiguration: Main rotor and tail rotorPayload: up to 3 kgEngine: electric brushless or 2-stroke gasEndurance: electric 20 min; gas 40-50 minRange: 1-2 kmStabilization: Darwin A3 Stability Augmentation SystemControl UAV: Portable 6DOF Hand-ControllerControl Payload: Portable Hand-ControllerPayload view: Monitor or Rugged LaptopPrice: Euro 15K to 50K depending on Payload Configuration
Which UAV for CD?
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RV-VTOL16 Technology Demo
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Rotary-Wing Platforms: The perfect fusion with manned aircrafts
Performing flight tests with more than a dozen of model helicopter A2TECH defined two platform sizes:
RV-VTOL25Rotor size: 2500mmConfiguration: Coaxial Counter-RotatingPayload: up to 12-15 kgEngine: 2-stroke gas, single or dual turbine with gearboxEndurance: 2-stroke gas 60-90 min; turbine 10-15 minRange: up to 10 kmStabilization: Darwin A3 mini Flight Control Computer with GPS NavigationControl UAV: Portable 6DOF Hand-Controller or RealityVISION UGCCControl Payload: Portable Hand-Controller or Head-TrackerPayload view: Monitor, HMD or Rugged LaptopPrice: Euro 65K to 150K depending on GCS and Payload Configuration
Which UAV for CD?
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RV-VTOL25 Technology Demo
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Fusion between low-cost manned and unmanned platforms
A2TECH and the Civil Defence organisation came to the conclusion that the best way of aerial support will be the fusion of manned and unmanned aircrafts.
• Manned fixed-wing aircrafts: mid to long-range monitoring and assessmentmissions.
• Manned rotary-wing aircrafts: logistic missions, moving people, moving material, delivering first aids, Search & Rescue, fire fighting, aerial work.
• Unmanned rotary-wing aircrafts: short-range point of interest monitoring and assessment.
The important point will be the perfect integration with flight operation, ATC, ENAC and the Civil Defence workflow.
Conclusion
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We are on the start line on employing UAV in the Civil Defence organisation and we have to analyze some more issues:
• DO-178B & DO-254 Certifications• EASA Type Certifications• Part 145 Maintenance and Minor Changes• Specific Reserved Frequencies for Video and Data-Links• Public Opinion & Political Impact• Assurance: Who will Assure a UAV?
Rotary-wing UAVs will provide the base on this fantastic and fascinatingtechnology. We at A2TECH and Emergency Flight Department hope tofind new supporter that will allow the further development of this technolgyand to become UAV´s a standard in the Civil Defence operations.
Lets save live using UAV´s!
Conclusion
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Civil Applications
• Aerial image gathering and distribution• Civil disaster relief• Forest fire patrol• Fire scene IR mapping• Highway/road traffic monitoring• Incident response and assessment• Search And Rescue (SAR) aerial support & coordination• Utility perimeter patrolling, reconnaissance and surveillance• Lake patrolling, reconnaissance and surveillance• Law Enforcement & SWAT support• Crime Scene Investigation & mapping (CSI)• Snow pack & avalanche monitoring• Vulcanic exploration• Wildlife & environment observation
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Potential UAV Customers
National Alpine Rescue
Environmental Guard
Ministry of Environmental and Land and Sea Guard
Ministry of Agricoltury and Forestry
Forest Protection
National Fire Fighting
National Civil Defence Force
Coast Guard
Capitanerie di porto - Guardia Costiera
Italian National Agency for New TechnologiesEnergy and the Environment
National Research Council
National Istitute forGeophysics and VolcanologyItalian Red Cross
Carabinieri for Environmental Protection
State PoliceNURC
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Civil Operation Example
Real-time assessment of the flooded area Aerial support for first respond operators
Civil application: Monitoring and data assessment of flooded area
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Lava eruption Explosive eruption
Civil application: Monitoring and data assessment of vulcan eruptions
Civil Operation Example
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Civil application: Monitoring and data assessment of landslips and sunken areas
Inspection of the area extension Sinking landscape
Civil Operation Example
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Ispection of area First respond support
Civil application: Monitoring and data assessment of avalanches
Civil Operation Example
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First respond SAR coordinations Data assessment
Civil application: Monitoring, SAR and data assessment of earthquakes
Civil Operation Example
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First respond SAR support and coordination Data assessment
Civil application: Monitoring, SAR and data assessment of seaquakes
Civil Operation Example
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Alpine and mountain forest fire Flat land forest fire
Civil application: Monitoring of forests, natural parks and fire hot spots
Civil Operation Example
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Harbor area and container hub Harbor area and refinery
Civil application: Harbor patrol and fishing area monitoring. Support of SAR on coastlines. Lake patrol.
Civil Operation Example
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Highway traffic monitoring Road accident assessment
Civil application: Monitoring and reconnaissance of highways and road accidentsassessment and scene investigation
Civil Operation Example
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Illegal dump in flat land Illegal dumps in forests
Civil application: Reconnaissance to locate illegal dumps.
Civil Operation Example
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Illegal dumps with water contamination Illegal building trade
Civil application: Reconnaissance to locate illegal dumps and illegal building trades
Civil Operation Example
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Power line inspection Rail line inspection
Civil application: Power line and rail line inspections
Civil Operation Example
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Greetings
The realisation of RealityVISION and the establishment of the Reparto Volo Emergenze - Emergency Flight Department was onlypossible with the patience and help of the following peoples and companies:
• Prof. Athos Arzenton, President ARI• Davide Burei, Teamleader TeamEurostar• Lucio Campedelli, Assessore Provincia di Verona• Elena Donazzan, Assessore Regione Veneto
• Stock Flight Systems• Reiser Systemtechnik• Wetzel Technology• OTe Systems
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Thank You