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& Updates inAyurveda
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Abhijna 2012 . . . A journey towards Anweshanaon 8th
March 2012
at Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore
Develop something what people wantevelop something what people wantand NOT What you can do.nd NOT What you can do.
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Dedicated to the Ayurveda Scientist
Who followed Doing Nothing in his Life time
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Ayurveda Research Updatesare many but to narratethem becomes difficult - As many of them are notpublished in any media or
known to any body Today we (try to) deal withResearch -
Researcher
Research Typology Avenues Updates Examples
Future Research proposals
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India has a vast history of Human, Animal &Plants healing techniques as Ayurveda,
Vrukshayurveda, Pashu
Ayurveda,
Hastyayurveda, etc.
The healing techniques are based onfundamentals and principles - that are derived
after a long term research and observation.
Basement and Roots are neglected and theBeauty of Tree or Building is prized
In Ayurveda Siddhanta, Dravyaguna,Rasashastra, etc. are Basement departments
We try to open Nut principles and Products that are kept for the validation with the presentday philosophy
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Research . . .
The research is defined as -
systematic
investigation and study of materials,sources, etc., in order to establish factsand reach conclusions or a search for
knowledge. Research is not just a method, it is asystem of organised knowledge Research is a social activity carried outby groups of competing / co-operating /
communicating scientists (persons)
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Research:Increasing Options in Ayurveda
Dissolving Boundaries between Sciences ! Interdisciplinary / Trans-disciplinary approach
Dept of AYUSH / CCRAS
Require Research Officers / Project staff ICMR institutes
Requires trained in clinical research
CSIR: Council for Scientific and IndustrialResearch: www.csir.res.in
JRF / SRF program, Project staff
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Research Related Courses available for Ayur-Graduate
MD./MS Ph.D. M.Sc. Health Sciences Dietetics Bioinformatics Clinical Research (www.icriindia.com)
Clinical Toxicology
Directorate of Forensic Laboratory, Mumbai
Short Courses in various institutes M.Tech
(Bio-geosciences) atTamilnadu
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Teaching levels for PGs
1. Concept & principles2.
Clinical uses
3. Research insights4.
Innovative ideas, Newer applications
5. Development of technologies, products6. Value addition to scientific knowledge
UG level
PG level
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A Post-graduate is . . .
A Graduate
In-depth knowledge of subject
Good clinical experience & application
Research Methodology & Biostatistics
Update information
Soft skills
Innovative approach+
= A Post-graduate
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Research : Key issues
Methodology is important Standard Design developed as per researchquestion raised Each situation demand different methodology
Availability of Opportunities in Ayur-researchEye can see when brain knows !Eye can see when brain knows ! --
DrDr AbhayAbhay
BangBang
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Lacunae at Ayurveda Research Choosing a topic and a
supervisor
Reviewing the literature
Stating the hypothesis
Project outline Record keeping and note
making
Registering your research
project
Research protocol
Ethical approval
Funding
Data collection
Interpretation of data
Writing the report
Presenting a paper Writing a paper for
publication
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Checklist for Success (Do I Have?)
Impressive Background
Sound Language (Sanskrit, Hindi,English)
Communication skills
Attitude & Experience
Passion/ Strong desire
Knowledge of Current Medical /Scientific Affairs Knowledge of Computers
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What counts as research? Analysis of data from a patients medical notes(includes use of medical notes to identify
potential participants re eligibility criteria) Observations
Conducting surveys/ interviews
Using non-invasive imaging
Using blood or tissue samples
Trials of interventions (drugs, devices,surgical procedures or any other treatments /therapies)
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Safeguards & Vetting
Scientific value
Proper research question, methodology, samplesize Ethical aspects Recruitment Sample size Informed consent
Monitoring of research:
Quality control Maintenance
Adherence to protocol
Avoiding Misconduct in Research
Vetting
Monitoring
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Steps in the
Research Process1. Define your research needs2. Develop a research strategy
3. Conduct searches for information
4. Evaluate the resources that you
find5. Incorporate and cite the
information you use
Research is a process made up of many small steps.
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Defining Your Research Needs Make sure that you
understand yourassignment.
The next step in the processis defining what you need.
Then distinguish between
different types of resourcesto decide which to use.
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Protocol of a clinical trial1.Definition2.Importance3.Format
(a) Title page
(b) background and hypothesis
(c) Study design
(d) Materials and methodology
(e) Data collection and handling
(f) Statistical analysis(g) References
(h) Summary
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Researcher ResponsibilitiesThe researchers have day-to-day
responsibility for research conduct Need to ensure:
Adherence to agreed protocols
Appropriate care of research participants(working with health care professionals)
Protection of the integrity and
confidentiality of data
Reporting of adverse events or suspectedmisconduct
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Researcher Misconduct
Falsification, fabrication, Plagiarism
(theft of data or samples)
Unauthorized use of privilegedinformation
Abuse of authorship
Significant failure to comply with
federal, state, or University rulesregarding research
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Data Items in Clinical TrialsProne to Fraud
Eligibility criteria, Repeated measurements,Adverse events, Compliance & Subject diaries
1. Neverdiscard original research data.2.
Missing data and outliers are very realphenomena in contemporary medical research.
3. Have faith in the wondrously stochastic (Being or
having a random
variable) and random nature of real
human data, features most difficult to capture
with fraud.
Care these sentences
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Research Misconduct- FFP
As defined by Office of Research Integrity
Fabrication, Falsification, Plagiarism,or other practices that seriouslydeviate from those that are commonly
accepted in the scientific communityfor proposing, conducting, orreporting research
Not honest error or differences inopinion
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Fabrication
Intentionally creating records that do not exist and forwhich there is no truth with the intent to mislead ordeceive
Interviewer completing a questionnaire for a fictitioussubject that was never interviewed
Preparing records for follow-up calls or contacts tosubjects who were really lost to follow-up
Creating notes for a subject visit that never took place
Eric Poehlman, PhD -
UVM College of Medicine
fabricated data in 17 grant applications forfederal funding as well as in journal articles -Barred for life from receiving any federal fundsfor research
plead guilty to fraud sentenced
in 6/06 to a year and one day in prison (NYTimes article An Unwelcome Discovery
-
10/22/06)
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Falsification
Alteration of data collected in the conduct ofscientific investigation
Omission/deletion/suppression of conflictingdata without scientific justification
Back-dating interviews to fit within the timelineprovided in protocol
Changing a subjects age in data records by anunimportant amount to fit enrollment criteria
Joy Bryant and Diana Layman -
Falsified
research in study by substituting their own
blood for the 10-15 blood samples of childstudy participants as required by the protocol -
Entered into Voluntary Exclusion Agreementfor 3 years
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Plagiarism Self-plagiarism
Intentional use of someone elses words,thoughts, or ideas, as though they are your
own
Also includes self-plagiarism
author using
his/her own published material in another workwithout citation
Ali Sultan, MD, PhD -From Harvard School ofPublic Health - -
Plagiarized text and figures from
emails from his post-doctoral student -
-
Also
falsified results of research, and fabricated parts of
emails from the student to falsely implicate thestudent
For 3 years debarred from contracting orsubcontracting w/ any US Govt
agency
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Consider
Who developed the concept of the paper?
Who conducted the actual research?
Who wrote and/or edited the draft?
Who calculated the statistics?
Should these people be listed as authors?
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Research Validation
Validation / Understanding of Ayurveda Principles
Inventing / Discovery Newer techniques
Computers in research
Pharmaceutical sciences
Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Molecular Biology
Types & Designs
Traditional and modern aspects
Relevance, utility and feasibility for Unani
/ Siddha
/
Homeopathy / Nature cure /Yoga research
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Concerns for All Designs
Choosing Subjects
Target population
Study sample
Generalizing
Inclusion/Exclusion
Recruitment Effect size
Formulas
Software Data collection
Data cleaning
Data analysis
Ethical Principles
Measurements
Continuous/Discrete/Categorical/Ordinal
Precision/Reproducible/Reliable
Accuracy
Sensitivity/Specificity
Objectivity
Sample size/Power Hypothesis
Errors (Type I, Type II)
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Error Types Type I error
Occurs if the null hypothesis
is rejected. False positive
The probability of making atype I error is denoted as
Type II error A type II error occurs if the
null hypothesis is accepted, i.e.an insignificant result isobtained, when the null
hypothesis is in fact not true. The probability of making a
type II error is denoted as .
Causes of measurement error
1. Observer error
(a) Inter-observer inaccuracies(b) Digit preference
(c) Question variation
2. Subject inaccuracies
(a) Natural variation(b) Unconscious bias
(c) Recall and motivation
(d) Compliance
3.Equipment inaccuracies(a) Zero errors
(b) Gain errors
(c) Precision
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-The Ayurvedic field has a vast scope for researchin variety of ways. - Inviting the Ethnic Knowledge or/and principlesynchronizing knowledge in to Ayurveda- All what is needed that, it should benefit Ayurvedaand the society at large.
Possible Ayurvedic Researches
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A) Literary Research
B) Fundamental ResearchC) Clinical ResearchD) Drug ResearchE) Inter Disciplinary Research
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Discuss your research with astatistician
BEFORE you begin your research WHILE you are collecting data WHEN you are ready to analyze WHEN you are writing your manuscript Stratified randomization should be usedfor factors that are believed to
significantly influence the outcome.
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Types of Research Designs Descriptive research Correlational research - Involves measuringwhether there is a relationship between two
or more variables
Experimental research - Generallyconsidered the most powerful tool fordetermining cause-and-effect relationships
between variables
Independent variable (IV)
Dependent variable (DV)
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Compare the method
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LITERARY RESEARCH RESOURCES
AYURVEDICLITERATURE NON-AYURVEDICLITERATURE
Published
Unpublished
Catalogues
Non catalogues
Vedas
Upanishads
Puranas
Arthashastra
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Three dimensions of academic research
community
person knowledge
meeting
sincerity theory
publication
controversyauthority
experiment
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Observational
Longitudinal
Cross-sectionalProspective Retrospective
Survey
Cohort studies Case control studies
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Clinical research Research involving human Many types1. Preventive (Pollution and traffic police)2.
Diagnostic (AIDS, Ca on Unani
parameters)
3. Treatment intervention (Sports and regimental therapies)4.
Safety and efficacy (Kushta)
5. Newer applications (Massage for chronicfatigue syndrome)6.
New scales, measurements, techniques
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Experimental Research Experimental group
Group that is subjected to the independent variable
Cognitive-behavioral treatment group or new anti-depressant group
Control group
Group that is similar in every way to the experimental group except forthe manipulation of the independent variable
Random assignment makes control group to be similar in every way
Untreated wait-list control group
Placebo group
Group that does NOT receive treatment including active ingredient(special type of control group)
Double-blind design is often used ( sugar pill )
Or supportive group therapy
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Basic skills for a laboratory scientist Basic Computer skill, Paper reading & writing,
Understanding and use of the literature, Productivity
Scientific attitude: Desire to get the bottom of things
NO premature conclusion Spending time & effort to make things better and /or
more efficient
Not afraid of learning new things
Full understanding of instruments in the experiment
Not willing to leave any mysteries or poorlyunderstood phenomenon behind in Research
Low tolerance for black box Good citizenship in a laboratory
Willingness to help and collaborate with colleagues
Being a considerate colleague
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150 AD. Galenbeginssystematic studyof animal
physiology,vivisectionbegins. What helearns is used in
the practice ofhuman medicinefor the next1000+ years.
Animals in Medicine started long back
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1726Stephen Halesfirst measures
blood pressurein a horse
1982Treatment for leprosydeveloped usingArmadillos
1901-1939Animal researchadvances ourunderstanding of
blood, makingtransfusionspossible
1982
Prions are discovered inhamsters. Subsequentstudies in mice have shownthat these misshaped,disease-causing proteins canbe inherited
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Prions are an infectiousprotein particle similar to avirus but lacking
nucleic
acid;
2012???
http://www.fbresearch.org/survivors/index2.htm -
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Number and kinds of animals used
The Office of Technology Assessment estimates that 17-23million animals
are used in the United States for research every
year.
The vast majority of these about 95% are rats and mice specifically bred for research.
In 2000, there were 69,516 dogs and 25,560 cats used inresearch.
By comparison, wildlife biologists estimate that over one millionanimals are killed every dayby automobiles over 365 million
per year.
Dogs, cats, and non-human primates combinedaccount for
less than 3/4 of a percent of the total and their numbers hasbeen declining for nearly 30 years.
The number of dogs used in biomedical research has declined67% since 1973, and the number of cats used in biomedical
research has declined 63% since 1973.
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TYPES OF ANIMALS USED IN ANIMAL RESEARCH
1. 84% Rats, mice and otherrodents
2. 12% Fish, amphibians,reptiles and birds
3. 1.5% Small mammals,mostly
rabbits
4. 2.1% Sheep, cows, pigs andother large mammals
5. 0.3% Dogs and cats.
6. 0.15% Monkeys, such asmarmosets and macaques
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How can research results derived from animal
testing be extrapolated to humans?
There are striking similarities
between the physiological
systems of humans and various species of animals.
Much of what we know about the immune
system has
come from studies with mice,
Much of what we know about the cardiovascular
system
has come from studies with dogs.
Research results from animals also provide the informationnecessary to design human trials that must be completed
for legal approval of new devices, drugs or procedures.
It is important to be able to gauge how a new drug orprocedure will affect a whole biological system before
using it on humans.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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Why is it important to conduct product safety tests on animals
when "cruelty-free" products are available?
As recently as several decades ago, consumerswere subjected to products that were not
adequately tested prior to use, resulting inreports of permanent harm, including blindness.
Product safety
testing ensures that products are
safe when used as directed.
Testing provides scientific data for poisoncontrol centers and emergency room physiciansin the event a product is misused.
Adequate testing of products is a legalobligation to the public.
It is important to remember the circumstancesthat led to safety testing of all new consumer
ingredients and products, particularly cosmetics.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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The use of animals in product safetytesting provides a whole, living systemthat can reflect how certain substanceswill react in or on the body.
The term "cruelty-free" is often misusedand misunderstood.
Companies that claim they conduct noanimal testing either contract testing to anoutside laboratory or use compounds
known to be safe through previous animaltesting.
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Cohort Study
A
cohort study or
panel study is a
form of longitudinal study (a typeof observational study) used
in
medicine Eg: Birth cohort
It is an analysis of
risk factors
and
follows a group of people who do nothave the disease, and usescorrelations to determine the absoluterisk of subject contraction.
It is one type of clinical studydesign and should be compared with
a
cross-sectional study.
In medicine, a cohort study is often
undertaken to obtain evidence to tryto refute the existence of a suspectedassociation between cause andeffect; failure to refute a hypothesis
strengthens confidence in it.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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Cohort Study
Nested case-control
study eg:Inflammatory markersand the risk of coronaryheart disease in men andwomen,
Household panelsurvey eg: Thesedraw representativesamples of householdsand survey them,
following all individualsthrough time on a usuallyannual basis.
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Who gets sick and who stays Healthy?
Healthy people with
different experiences
Time Passes
ObservedHealthyand sick
people
Start with two similar groups of people. One
Group has a disease and the other is healthy
Study Question:What happened inthe past to givesuch differentresult.
Time Passes
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Survey Study
Researchers ask people
about their habits
Do you have sweet tooth?
Do you use condoms?
Do you eat 5 vegetables a
day?
Surveys give a snapshot ofthe present / past and tell
us what people say they do/ did
Response bias?
Cause vs. effect?
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Ayurveda told in New Language To look new Avenues Ayur-Veda = Life-knowledge, evolved inIndia long back focuses more on life style
than symptoms, where the background is - Three Doshas viz. Vata, Pitta & Kapha Are we able to tell all the words ofAyurveda conveniently in anotherlanguage?
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Vata Vaa is Gati and Gandhana = tomove things & Perceive Most influential Dosha Cell membrane transport,electrolyte balance, waste
elimination, and cell division, etcare examples of its activity
Aggravated by dryness Reduced by foods with buildingblocksThought of Amit
Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society, University of Alabama School of MedicineDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
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Pitta Tap = to shine
Metabolism and moleculesof energy are equated
Body temperaturemaintenance, optic nerveimpulses, feelings ofhunger and thirst arefunctions
Aggravated by heat
Reduced by cooling it
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Kapha
Shlish
= that which
holds things together &
derived from Klid thewater
Provides structure andlubrication
Carbohydrates andpolysaccharides, mucous,spinal fluid, and synovialfluid
Aggravated by sweet andfatty foods
Reduced by hot, dry, andlight things
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Understanding Avenues at Basic Level
The Siddhanta, Kriya, Rachana
departments
are running around either Clinicalexperiments or the preventive models
They have to pay attention on -
Many concepts are duplicated orcontroversial at Ayurveda.-
they need cross
examination
The Language used in many texts arecritical and require explanation
Many manuscripts are in cold storage
require to focus and bring them in to limelight
The shift from Principles
to Prabhava
is
reduced with their guidelines
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Understanding Avenues at Dravyaguna
Undergraduate syllabus has 240 drugs forstudy out of Plant Kingdom We are loosing many out of them even either with negligence or by Govt. order
As the Ayurveda Acharyas
say
all
herbs are of medicinal importance - Why the Dravyaguna department is notincluding the new herbs isolated,
experimented in to the Ayurveda Glossary? We require to add as many as Herbspossible in to Ayurveda LiteratureDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
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Understanding Avenues at RT/BK
The Pharmacy in Ayurveda require us to givemany answers
We often confused or unable to answer atscientific community about the Ayurveda Drugabsorption
Target
action
adversity
reaction toxicity -
excretion
etc.
Step by step individual researches shouldguide us for these answers and included in thecurriculum instead of lingering around
established validations
Today we have new routes of administration ofDrug
eg: Inhalers, Patches, Injections, etc.
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Injections in Ayurveda
In 1982 when I started my GP in Ayurvedathere were around 5000 generic AyurvedaMedicines available in the Market
Along with Ayurveda Injectionsmanufactured by Aravind
Pharma
of North
India and Imis Pharma of South India We fight for the introduction of Injections into GAD for 116 days and included them into AP-GADs
Now the scene is reversed and not even500 generics are available in the marketand no medicines in GADs
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Understanding Avenues at Clinical Areas
In these areas the public faith at Ayurveda isnecessary to develop along with confidencein drug action
Adaptations of new technology is admissiblebut not to change the entire principlemigration on which we are prescribing the
medicine A thorough adopted intervening investigationInterpretation required to clinical
experiments to boost diagnostic techniques Methodical but not Result oriented Researchin need
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Understanding Avenues at Swasthavritta
Swastavritta is meant for preventionand Life style development. Today we face lots of Lifestyledisorders and Occupational difficulties The focus of Swastavritta departmentshould be on validating the Foods,
Occupation, Lifestyle in respect with
psychological and physical problemsfaced by either a child or an Adult
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Understanding Avenues at Panchakarma
The Panchakarma even though apart of Chikitsa is specialized withits procedural method It require instrumentationdevelopment along with
observational study of validating the
principles and establishing newschedules in Running World.
Adaptations of Manipulation
Medicine, Sowa-Rigpa (TibetanMedicine), Stone Massage,Kalupadaghat Massage, etc. in toPanchakarma is required.
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Understanding Avenues at Surgical areas
An Engineer is the best who runs themachine without few of its parts A Surgeonis also like an Engineer who runs the Bodywithout few parts
Ayurveda Surgery imitating the Allopathic
surgery We have the Knowledge of Marma,Siravyadha, etc. in addition
requires to
adopt the Marma Anastasia & PinholeSurgery on Ayurveda Measures
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New Design Structure for Ayurveda Research
Need
Evaluation
InvestigationRealization
Brief
Proposition
Design
Designing
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Steps to Good Design
1. Identify and understand the problem -
What
does this product need to do?
2. Conceptual Design -
How will this product do
this?
3. Design Optimization -
Is this the best way to do
this?
4. Detail Design - How will the product work? 5. Build -
Build the product.
6. Test and Evaluation -
Does the product do what
we want?
7. Return to step 1 if evaluation is not positive -
If
not, start over.
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Do not only seeObserve Do not hear Listen Do not just prescribe Document Do not just treatFollow them
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ASU Drugs to be used in
RCH Program
AYUSH developed 17 drugs for
Anti-natal, Post-natal, Infant andFemale Health management.
No drug is available in the CCIM
curriculum of BAMS or market Rasayana, Astikshaya, Sleepada,Manoroga
(Mental Retardation),
Sickle Cell Anemia, Improvement ofquality of Life in Cancer patients projects are under process
http://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htmDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
http://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htmhttp://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htm -
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New dimensions of Market Many Ayurveda companies startedlaunching their products as
OTC Commodity products likeToothpaste, Talks, Balms, etc.
Cosmeceuticals to improve beauty likeFacial Creams, scrubs, etc.
Neutriceuticals
Nutrition
supplementations like Tonics, Paste, etc.
pharmaceuticals
new drug
combinations or patent medicines bycombining two or more traditional drugs
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Updates in Research
Ayurveda is dependent on the
Pharmacy Department for updatesrather than Ayurveda Research
Long ago Kirthikar
Basu,
Nadkarni, etc. added few additionsin to the Herbal science butnone of those materials are addedfor the curriculum
Real Update in Ayurveda is seenas shift from Tridosha toPrabhava
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Namburi Spot Test
To identify & differentiate various Bhasma and Sindhoorawhich are chemically identical but therapeutically different by theirspecific names known in Ayurveda i.e.
To find out whether the contents of a given container are the samequalitatively and quantitatively as claimed on its labelsi.e. tofind out whether the product is a standard, sub-standard orspurious one.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
-
To evolve suitable methods to
lay standardsrelevant to conceptof Rasashastra.
-
To help ultimately in
implementing the drug actin itsfull sense of utility.
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Few updates on Pumsavana
Ayurvedic technique of geneticengineering to ensure healthy progenyand to determine the sex of the child isPumsavana.
Pumsavana is one of the 16 Karmas(Sixteen rituals) practiced in variousstages of life in ancient India.
Ayurveda uses many Gender selection
drugs such as Putramjeevi, Vatankura (Ficus Benghalensis),Apamarga
(Achyranthus aspara), Shahachara
(Berleria
prionitis), Shivalingi
(Bryonia
Laciniosa) and Majuphal (Gtuercus
infectoria) etc.
This should be done only duringastrological constellation of Pushya
nakshatramDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
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Updates on
Herb -Asparagus
racemosus
Toxic effects -safe for long term use, even during pregnancyand lactation
Gastrointestinal effects- Decreased volume and increasedpH of the secretions in drug treated rats suggest a reducedresponsiveness of the gastric parietal cells to secretogoguesand narcotizing agents.
Cytoprotective effecthas been suggested to be due to
increased output of mucus.
Galactogogue effect- A significant increase in milk yield hasalso been observed in guinea pigs and goats after feedinglactare which also increased growth of the mammary glands,alveolar tissues and acini in guinea pigs [23].
Effects on uterus- uterine sedative
Immunomodulatory activities- reported to produceleucocytosis and predominant neutrophilia along withenhanced phagocytic activity of the macrophages andpolymorphs.
Respiratory system- reported to cause dilatory effect on
bronchial musculature of guinea pigs but failed to antagonisethe histamine induced broncho-constriction.
CNS -Neither stimulant nor depressant action of lactare oncentral nervous system has been reported in albino mice
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/[Amit Chawla*, Payal Chawla, Mangalesh, R C Roy, Asparagus racemosus (Willd): Biological Activities & itsActive Principles, Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 2: Page No. 113-120]
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Updates on Herb -Asparagus racemosus
Antibacterial Activities- showed maximum inhibition against A. hydrophila,P. fluorescencs and K. pneumoniae. Chloroform extract of A.racemosusshowed higher inhibition (1.9cm/200l) against. K.pneumoniae Methanolextract of A. racemosus showed considerable invitro antibacterial efficacyagainst E.coli, V. cholerae,B.subtilis and S.aureus, and it increases phagocytic
activity of macrophages (Mandal, 2000). [1]
Anti-diarrhoeal activity- The ethanol and aqueous extract of A. racemosusexhibited significant anti-diarrhoeal activity against castor oil induceddiarrhoea in rats. [2]
Phytoestrogen effect -A. racemosus root extract exerted a mammotropicand/or lactogenic influence on normal as well as on oestrogen primed animalsthereby rendering the mammary epithelium refractory to the carcinogen. [3]
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/.[1] M.Sithi Jameela et.al, Antibacterial Activities of three medicinal plant extract against Fish Pathogens, International Journal of Biological Technology (2011)2(2):57-60.] [2] N. Venkatesan et.al. Anti-diarrhoeal potential of asparagus racemosus wild root extracts in laboratory animals. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci
(www.cspscanada.org) 8(1):39-45, 2005 [3] V. Ashajyothi et.al. ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS A PHYTOESTROGEN, Int.Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology
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HerbUpdate - Periwinkle
Sadapushpa
/ Sadabahar
/ Vinca
rosea (Periwinkle) is an evergreencommon shrub seen all around usblooming in every season. Usually
the plant is of 1 meter tall with ovalto oblong leaves.
A clinical trial was conducted in1998 with Vinca rosea on diabetesas a part of M.D. Ayurveda Thesisunder my supervision. The resultswere excellent. Each one ml of the
oil prepared has a power ofregulating the 125-250 mg ofBlood Glucose.
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HerbUpdate -
Periwinkle
A study was carried on alloxan
induced diabetic rats
for 14 days. The methanolic
extracts showed
improvement in parameters like body weight andlipid profile as well as regeneration of
beta-cells of
pancreas in diabetic rats. Histopathological
studies
reinforce the healing of pancreas, by
methanolic
Vinca roseaextracts, as a possible
mechanism of their antidiabetic
activity [1]
Aqueous extract of Piper nigrum
seeds and Vinca
rosea flowers were administered orally to alloxan induced diabetic rats once a day for 4 weeks. Theyare useful in controlling not only the glucose andlipid levels but these components may also behelpful in strengthening the antioxidants potential [2].
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
[1] Mohammed Fazil
Ahmed et. al., Antidiabetic
Activity of
Vinca roseaExtracts in
Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats, International Journal of Endocrinology, Volume2010, Article ID 841090, 6 pages[2] M. KALEEM, SHEEMA, H. SARMAD AND B. BANO, PROTECTIVE EFFECTSOF PIPER NIGRUM AND VINCA ROSEA IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETICRATS, Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol
2005; 49 (1) : 6571
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Instrument Update Januvasti Yantra Januvasti is done either on the knee joint or atthe back with a brim filled with oil
The drawback is
entire knee joint is not
exposed to treatment especially the ligaments To cover the entire knee surface a tube isinserted with both ends closed tightly with
Masha paste cloth where on top opening for oilmanagement added with a Thermometer tostandardize the procedure
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
T id
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Tridax
procumbens where do you see? Extracted - Isolation and identification of
steroidal saponin, characterized as b-sitosterol 3-O-b-D-xylopyranoside, which has been isolatedfrom the flowers of Tridax procumbens Linn. [1]
Bioactivity studies
The n-hexane extract of the flowers showedactivity against Escherichia coli.
A whole aerial part was active againstMycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli,
Salmonella group C and Salmonella paratyphi. None of the tested extracts was active against the
yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis andRhodotorula rubra; or the fungi: Aspergillus
flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp. andTrichophyton rubrum.[2]
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
Vishalya
Karani
Family:
Asteraceae
Tribe:
Heliantheae
Genus:
Tridax
Species:
T. procumbens
[1] V K SAXENA and SOSANNA ALBERT, J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 117, No. 3, May 2005, pp. 263266. Indian Academy of Sciences.[2] Taddei
A,
Rosas-Romero AJ. Bioactivity studies of extracts from Tridax
procumbens. Departamentode Qumica, Universidad Simn
Bolvar, Caracas, Venezuela. [email protected]
T id
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Rosas-Romero%20AJ%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Rosas-Romero%20AJ%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5D -
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Tridax
procumbens where do you see? Anti-Diabetic activity
T.procumbens leaves (200 mg/kg) orallyadministered for 7 days produced a significantdecrease in the blood glucose level in the modelof alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Petroleum
extract exhibits a very weak anti-diabeticactivity[3]
Antioxidants
T. procumbens plants are rich sources of natural
antioxidant. T. procumbens has a percentageantioxidant activity (AA %) of 96.70 which wasobserved to be higher than those of gallic(92.92%) and ascorbic acids (94.81%) used as
standards.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
Vishalya
Karani
Family:
Asteraceae
Tribe:
Heliantheae
Genus:
Tridax
Species:
T. procumbens
[3] Bhagwat DA, Killedar SG, Adnaik RS. Anti-diabetic activity of leaf extract of Tridax
procumbens. Int J Green Pharm 2008;2:126-8
[4] J. D. Habila, et.al. Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Tridax procumbens Linn.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 4(3), pp. 123-126, March 2010
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Nadi Impulse Simulogram
Nadi
Impulse Simulogram
is a unique
advanced Ayurvedic pulse diagnosissoftware, that monitors impulses ofmolecules and cells in pulse developedby Dr. N.D. Raju
of Hyderbad.
This program works on the basis of Nadi
input values decoded in to Kurma Nadi and Vasuli Nadi
outputs. It develops
various graphs of Dosha Gati
index,
Sroto
pravrutti, krama
and dusti, Chakra
activity, Dhatuparinama
Index, etc. in
graphical manner, wherethe
interpretation
is made simple.
Contact Dr. N. Dharmanandan
Raju
at
[email protected] or +9885040369.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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Nadi ImpulseSimulogram Output
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The general practitioner in AyurvedaProvides personal, primary and continuingmedical care to individuals and families andSpecific responsibility for the health of the
community
He Makes an initial decision on everyproblem presented by patient and Consultsspecialists when ever is appropriate
Intervenes to promote health and takesClinical decisions influenced by priorprobability of disease
Has an advocacy role for the patient
Apart from all above
is there any
responsibility of making RESEARCH athim?
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
Generalpractitionerin Ayurveda
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GeneralPractice
Generalists and specialists require
different knowledge, skills and attitudesbut are complementary in their roles.
The GP is committed to the person ratherthan to a particular body of knowledge, a
group of diseases or special techniques(McWhinney
1997)
A GP provides personal, primary andcontinuing care to individuals, families
and a practice population.
The spectrum of problems presenting ingeneral practice is very different from thatseen in hospital.
The GP must combine the scientific andhumanitarian approach to medicalpractice, providing holistic care topatients.
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Ch t i ti f GP & PHCAvenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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Characteristics of GP & PHC
General practice
Focus is illness:
Individuals and families-
First contact
Local and accessible
Small scale efficiencyTolerates uncertainty
The three Cs:
Continuity,Coordination,
Continuing care
Primary health care
Focus is local communities:
1. Local communities using
local knowledge2. Concerned about
determinants of health
- Socio-economic- Environmental
3. Empowers communities to
control/influence-
determinants of health
4. Education and prevention are
key piecesDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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Clinical CareGood clinical care
Maintaining good medical
practice
Relationships withpatients
Working with colleagues
Teaching and training
Probity
Health
Models of health care
Biomedical
(biomechanical) and bio- psychosocial
Reductionist and holistic(integrative)
Disease-based andillness-based
Patient-centered
and
population-centered
Reactive and anticipatory
doctor-centered &
Patient-centered
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
Th i
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The six
interactivecomponents of
the patient-centeredprocess:
1.
Exploring both the disease and the illness
experience understanding Differentialdiagnosis and Dimensions of illness2.
Understanding the whole person
3. Finding common ground regardingmanagement Problems and prioritiesalong with Goals of treatments
4. Incorporating prevention and healthpromotion in Health enhancement andRisk reduction
5. Enhancing the patient-doctor relationship
by sharing and maintain the relation6. Being realistic about Time and Resources
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K i S d th i d
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Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
Conclusion
Known is Scarce and the ignored
are abundant
Knowledge is becoming capital forthe Earning
Research of course a part of theGame always
Every time I see
a Book or Net
I am getting a new Idea or thought I dont understand why theothers are not initiated
If this narration offers any insight
My effort is exercised Thank You
One and All who get
Awareness
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Special Thanks to:
Ted Colton, ScD, Professor & Chair Emeritus,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics
Amit Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society,University of Alabama School of Medicine
Dr Girish Shrikrishna Tillu, Project Leader,Centre for Development of AdvancedComputing (C-DAC), Pune, Consultant, Centre
for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, Consultant,Vishwanand Ayurveda Centre, Pune, Advisor,Global Herbs Pharmaceuticals, Pune [email protected]
Lauren Solberg, CRC Research SkillsWorkshop, January 18, 2008,[email protected]
Dr. Gareth M. Forde, Bio Engineering Lab(BEL), Chemical Engineering
Dr. Jayashree B. Keshav, Technical Officer,Atrimed Herbals, Pvt. Ltd.
All the Images / Information collected from netfor knowledge sharing If any copyright exists It goes to the respective individuals
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THANK YOU
ItsTechnoayurveda International
Presentation
By Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad
Of . . . http://www.technoayurveda.com