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Shoot the Bird
Linear Broadcast Distribution on AWS
Konstantin Wilms
Amazon Web Services
© 2015, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved©
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So we had a few customer requests...
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“We’re interested in examining alternatives to traditional
linear video distribution”
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“Any solution will need to maintain
low latency high quality video”
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“We shouldn’t have to sacrifice
performance or quality for cost savings”
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And some of the reasons why?
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“We’re out of capacity. We want to add more contribution
channels without impacting existing ones, utilize higher HD
bitrates across the board, ..”
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Which started us down an interesting path...
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Traditional multi-hop satellite distribution
First HopSecond Hop
Field Source / EncoderHeadend / ProcessingAffiliate Spoke / Decoder
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“Broadcast distribution scales infinitely”
…but is not a pre-requisite for this use case
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Can we implement a solution without affecting the
underlying media layers?
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Can we architect for scale at low cost?
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In a non-Cloud Solution …
Multiple datacenter footprints
High speed, costly IP transit
Local ops staff to manage infrastructure
A massive cap-ex outlay
Development staff to build this out
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AWS takes care of this
undifferentiated heavy lifting
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Edge Locations
Availability Zone
Region
Dallas (2)
St.Louis
Miami
JacksonvilleLos Angeles (2)
Seattle
Ashburn (3)
Newark
New York (3)
Dublin
London (2)
Amsterdam (2)
Stockholm
Frankfurt (2)Paris (2)
Singapore(2)
Hong Kong (2)
Tokyo (2)
Sao Paulo
South Bend
San JosePalo AltoHayward
OsakaMilan
Sydney
MadridSeoul
Mumbai
Chennai
Global Distribution Footprint
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c
Massively Scalable Compute
Compute IntensiveIntel ES-2666 v3 (Haswell) optimized specifically for EC2
Memory IntensiveLowest price point per GiB of RAM
GPUs 1,536 CUDA cores
4GB of video memory
Enhanced NetworkingHigher PPS, Lower network jitter, low latency
IO IntensiveSSD Storage, EBS Optimized
High Storage24 x 2000 GiB per instance
AMI
EBS
Instance
Store
Amazon
EC2
Instance
Size instance by
Application need
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Launch a CloudFormation stack
with all the infrastructure
resources for a specific
project
Autoscale the stack as
appropriate
Automated Infrastructure
AMI
CloudFormation
Deploy
Template
CloudFormation
Terminate
Template
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AWS Ecosystem (License included in hourly* pricing)
INGEST STORE MANAGE SECUREPROCESS
CREATEMONETIZE
INTEGRATEDELIVER
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So let’s take a closer look at the problem...
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What if we evolved the second hop?
First HopSecond Hop
Field Source / EncoderHeadend / ProcessingAffiliate Spoke / Decoder
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What if we Evolved the Second Hop?
Approach Up/downlink: dedicated and
internet-based IP links
Direct Connect For ‘uplink’
For stream consumption
Concerns FEC
~500ms + RTT latency
Second Hop
Headend / ProcessingAffiliate Spoke / Decoder
Direct Connect
Secure VPN
Route53
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Looking at Bandwidth & Transport
Satellite $3-5000/Mhz/mo* (~$30k/20Mbits*) +
Spoke costs
Fixed b/w ceiling cap
AWS b/w to deliver an HD stream ~ $500/mo*
Pay as you go model
FEC Can be implemented on UDP layer
ARQ, SRT, LD for jitter/latency/reliability
Sub 1Gb Direct Connect (100Mbps)
Availability stream ingest (1:1, 1:N)
Second Hop
Headend / Processing
Affiliate Spoke / Decoder
$
$
$
! !
!
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Multi-hop Distribution with AWS
First Hop
Field Source / EncoderHeadend / ProcessingAffiliate Spoke
Ingest
Fan Out
Egress
Scale Out
Multi-Region, Multi-AZ
Cellular
Internet
Direct Connect
Secure VPN
Internet
S3
Glacier
Route53
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Multi-hop Distribution with AWS
Affiliate Spoke
Ingest
Fan Out
Egress
Multi-Region, Multi-AZ
Direct Connect
Secure VPN
S3
Glacier
Route53
Additional Workflows
Transient infrastructure
Templatize Environments
for Quick POCs
CloudBursting
(utilizing on-prem)
Additional Regions
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Some notable features …
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10GbpsNetwork placement
groups
Capacity plan for hundreds of live
HD streams and contribution silos
Low latency high throughput
Combine with regional replication
and Route53 for true nearest-
neighbor latency
Highly Scalable Infrastructure
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c4g2m3
High Capacity Egress
GPU Transcode
IngestEncoder
Broadcast
Decode
Low Bitrate
Proxy
Fan out / fan in
Size workflow to compute
Flexible multi-format
HLS w/ Cloudfront CDN
MPEG-UDP w/FEC
Dedicated Pipe
Multi-Path Distribution
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Amazon Glacier (Life Cycle Policies)
Amazon S3
Segment media into S3
Periodically archive to Glacier
Time-windowed hot content with infinite cold store
Store/Retrieve to local edit stations via high-speed partner appliances
Affiliates can make use of storage infrastructure (transcode)
Media Lifecycle Management
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Let’s look at a real implementation…
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Proof of Concept
Deployed in one afternoon into AWS VPC
Co-ordinated cross-country by a team of 3 – headend
operations, en/decoder manufacturer, and AWS
6Mbps 1080p60 MPEG-UDP w/FEC (SRT) stream
Distribution over public internet
200ms encoder to AWS, AWS to decoder latency
Lower measured latency than existing satellite 2nd hop
40 day ingress uptime with no video dropouts
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