When do I use it?
To tell or explain
how things work
or why something
happens.
What features might I find
inside?
What should I write?
What should I
write?
What should I write?
Explanation text Procedure text
First, the female frog lays lots of eggs so some will survive from
being eaten by fish and other animals. The eggs are smakk and often
laid inside white foam.
Next, the eggs hatch into tadpoles. Tadpoles have gills so they can breath under water and a strong tail to help them swim.
As the tadpoles grow bigger, they start to change because
they need to become a frog. Their tail becomes smaller and they
begin growing legs. The back legs grow firs followed by the front legs. Tadpoles also start to develop lungs because they have to be
ready to breathe on land when they become a frog.
Frogs are amphibians. Amphibians spend part of their lives under water. Young frogs start their life in water as tadpoles.
Tadpoles may be found in billabongs, lakes, swamps or even
in puddles after heavy rain.
Scientific words Action verbs Sequencing words and cause and effect
*
Discussion Organisation 1
for against
* point + elaboration
* “ * “
* point + elaboration
* “ * “
Discussion Organisation 2
Introduction
Arguments for: * *
* etc
Arguments against: * *
* etc
Conclusion
Introduction
Point 1: for against
Conclusion
Discussion Organisation 3
Point 2: for against
Point 3: for against
Discussion Language Features
* present tense
* abstract nouns
* third person
* logical connectives
* discussion conventions (see page 9)
* complex sentences
Things that you cannot see or touch e.g
answer
trust
belief
justice
hope
despair
Since people can now see any sort of wild animal in its natural habitat, simply by tuning into a TV programme or buying a video, some animal rights activists claim that zoos are out of date. They argue that it is cruel to capture animals, transport them long distances, and then keep them caged up simply for the entertainment of human beings. Captive animals often develop ‘zoochosis’ – abnormal behaviour like rocking or swaying – which indicates they are bored and unhappy in their prison-like conditions.
Zoos were originally set up so that people could see and learn about wild animals from distant lands. As more and more people became city-dwellers, never seeing animals in the wild, zoos began to house local creatures too. However, in today’s world, are zoos really necessary?
It seems then, that there are still arguments for retaining zoos. These should, however, be carefully planned with the animals’ welfare in mind: in the modern world, there is no excuse for keeping animals in cramped or cruel conditions.
On the other hand, there is a huge difference between watching an animal on screen and seeing it in real life. It could be argued that visiting a zoo is educational, often increasing people’s concern for wildlife and conservation, which is of great importance in today's developing – and often overdeveloped – world. Indeed, sometimes the only way to save an endangered species may be to arrange for it to be breed in captivity.
Behind the scenes, zoos also provide scientists with opportunities to research into animal behaviour: modern zoos can therefore be much better planned than old-fashioned ones, providing animals with carefully designed enclosures appropriate to their needs.
Don’t need anymore
originally for people to see animals
now have TV, video
Cruel
catch, transport, cage
zoochosis
just for entertainment
TV not as good as real life
Conservation
Not cruel
zoos educational
increase people’s interest in animals
endangered species breed in zoos
scientists can research in zoos
well planned enclosures
OBJECTIVES
Identify elements of narrative text.
Define elements of narrative text.
Demonstrate mastery of narrative text elements.
OVERVIEW
Theme
Setting
Characters
Point of view
Characterization
Plot
- exposition statement
- rising action
- conflict
- climax
- falling action
- resolution
THEME
The main idea of a literary work, usually expressed as a generalization.
SETTING The time and place in which a work of literature happens.
CHARACTERS
The people (actors) in the story.
POINT OF VIEW
The story teller from whose point of view the story is being told, the narrator.
CHARACTERIZATION
The description of the personalities of the characters in the story and the way in which an author reveals their personalities.
PLOT
The sequence or order of events in a story. The plot includes :
Exposition statement - the part of the plot that tells how the story begins. Rising action - the action in the story leading up to the climax. Conflict - struggles or problems between opposing forces. Climax - the point of crisis in the plot. It may be the reader’s point of highest interest.
Falling action - the action in the story after the climax is revealed.
Resolution - the part of the plot that reveals the final outcome.
PLOT DIAGRAM
Narrative is kind of text that’s used
to entertain and amuse the
readers. It is a fiction text.
Kinds :
1. Folktales
2. Fable
3. Fairytales
4. Legend
5. Myth
Language Features:
-The use of action verbs
-The use of adverbs,
adjective, and noun
phrase
-The use of past forms
-The use of conjunctions
-The use of reported
speech
-The use of passive voice
Generic structure
(steps) :
a. Orientation
b. Complication
c. Climax
d. Resolution
(conclusion)
e. Reorientation –
optional (moral
value)
Babu and the Lion One day, there was a slave whose name was Babu. His master was
very, very bad. You know, he often punched Babu and did not offer him
food for days. Poor Babu! So he escaped into a forest and slept in a cave.
(ORIENTATION)
Next morning, he heard a loud roar. In front of him...., at the mouth
of the cave..., was a very big lion. You see, Babu was scared to death!
Kind of scary, isn’t it? But he could not escape. But the lion didn’t attack
him. It was tame. (COMPLICATION)
There was a large thorn in its right front foot. The lion lookedat
Babu. It seemed to say something like:”Please help me. It’s very
painful.” Babu walked bravely to the lion and pulled out the thorn.
(CLIMAX)
Babu and the lion turned out to be friends. (RESOLUTION)
Babu and the Lion
One day, there was a slave whose name was Babu. His
master was very, very bad. You know, he often punched Babu
(adj) (past tense)
and did not offer him food for days. Poor Babu! So he escaped
into a forest and slept in a cave. (CONJUNCTION)
Next morning, he heard a loud roar. In front of him...., at the (adverb)
mouth of the cave..., was a very big lion. You see, Babu
(noun phrase)
was scared to death! Kind of scary, isn’t it? But he could not
escape. But the lion didn’t attack him. It was tame. There was
a large thorn in its right front foot. The lion looked at Babu. It
seemed to say something like:”Please help me. It’s very
painful.” (reported speech)