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Background Research Applications
Philip Hayes
The Florida State University
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Area Topics of Research
• High-resolution modeling of jet dynamics using the WRF model.
• High-resolution modeling of hurricanes using the HWRF model.
• Theoretical and observational validation of remotely sensed data.
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WRF Model Experience
• Balanced and Unbalanced Flow in Primitive Equation Simulations of Baroclinic Wave Life Cycles
• Examined the destabilization of a baroclinic jet by augmenting the shape of the dynamic tropopause using the WRF model.
• Observed the horizontal divergence field and the residual of the Non-linear Balance Equation.
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Non-linear Balance Equation
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WRF Model Knowledge
• Experienced operation of the WRF model.
• Calculated and created numerical profiles of new parameter variables.
• Comfortable with developing new modules in the WRF model.
• Used Vis5D software & NCAR graphics.
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HWRF Model
• Produced numerous sensitivity studies on:– horizontal resolution– vertical resolution– boundary conditions– one-way/two-way interactive nesting
• Incorporated a module that compensates for sea spray effects.
• Created shell scripts to operate and run the HWRF model.
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Remotely Sensed Research
• Determining Surface Winds from Doppler Radar Data during Hurricane Passages over Florida
• Primary objective of research: produce high resolution spatial fields of surface (10 m) winds using Level II archived Doppler radar data.
• Research required:– Creative and unique techniques to obtain the results.– Knowledge of error statistics and validation
techniques.– Ability to use multiple programming languages and
software packages.
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Radial Velocity Dilemma
Radial velocity = 0 mph.
Radial velocity = 150 mph
• Measures component of wind along radar beam.
• Wind component tangential to beam seen as zero, parallel to beam measures full 2-D wind.
• Produces data gaps throughout the velocity field.
• Algorithm must be created to convert radial velocity field into a total wind field.
Hurricane Jeanne
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Total Wind Calculation
• Used C++ programming incorporated into the Warning Decision Support System – II (WDSS-II) to quality control, unfold, and output the correct velocity data.
• Created Fortran algorithm that received this data and calculated a total wind field from only radial velocities.
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Reduction Factor Process
• Must compensate for the variability of the boundary layer over land.
• Reduce all gridpoints using Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory
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Roughness Length• As surface layer becomes rougher, wind speed decreases more rapidly with height due to frictional effects. • Hazards United States (HAZUS) project contain roughness length plots within Florida at a resolution of 111.11 m.• Later research will use effective roughness length.
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GIS Land Use Data• Land use/Land coverage data collected by 4 Water Management Districts
•South Florida•Southwest Florida•St. John’s •Suwannee River
• Dataset derived by photo- interpreting 1:12,000 UGSG color infrared digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles.
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TOTAL WIND(before reduction)
SURFACE WIND(after reduction)
• Animation of Hurricane Jeanne (2004).• Maximum wind speed before reduction ~ 121 kts.• Maximum wind speed after reduction ~ 88 kts.• Strongest winds offshore.
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TOTAL WIND(before reduction)
SURFACE WIND(after reduction)
• Animation of Hurricane Jeanne (2004).• Maximum wind speed before reduction ~ 121 kts.• Maximum wind speed after reduction ~ 88 kts.• Strongest winds offshore.
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Surface Wind Swath between 0926_00Z and 0926_06Z
• Hurricane strength winds pictured in green and warmer.• Strongest winds north of the hurricane track.• Validation of wind speeds vs. ASOS data is sparse.
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GIS Display
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Validation Issues• Sparse ASOS data limits the validation of the Doppler-derived wind field.• ASOS failures common due to high winds, flying debris, and design faults.• Data collected by ASOS may contain errors of up to 10.5% for land-based observations (Powell et al. 1996).• Other methods for validation must be explored. KMLB
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Observational Data
• Florida Coastal Monitoring Program
• Data provided by U.F. Professor Dr. Gurley• Measures ground level winds with four portable
towers.
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Research Experience
• Early research with WRF/HWRF required strong ability to work in team environment.
• Ph.D. research heavily involved generating products and results independently.
• Quickly learned new applications needed to complete research (i.e. GIS, Matlab, Grads scripting).