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Balancing Feed Rations
Pearson’s Square
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Maintain animal health
Optimum animal production
Reasonable production cost for the farm manager
Why Balance Rations?
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Why maintain animal health in horses?So that the horse can have a balanced diet that
can maintain the horse’s weight and energy supply.
Maintain Animal Health
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Helps give protein and nutrient requirements needed for different stages of production.MaintenanceLactationGestationGrowth
YearlingLong-yearling2 year oldMature (4+ years)
Optimum Animal Production
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How does balancing a feed ration affect production cost? (better or worse?)
BetterIt keeps from wasting feed
Production Cost for Farm Manager
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DiagonalA square with lines connecting the opposite corners
Percent1% of a number means 1 hundredth of a number or .016% means six hundredths or .06
PoundWeight of an objectLb, #
Systems of EquationsTwo or more equation in two or more variables to be
solved simultaneouslyRatio
The comparison of two numbers by division
Math Terms Involved
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Nutrient Concentrations
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Feed Compositions
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2,000 pounds of feed is needed to feed a pregnant mare. A feeding standard table shows that a 10% crude protein ration is needed. Corn and soybean meal are selected as feeds. A feed composition table shows that corn has 9% and soybean meal has 45% crude protein on as-fed basis. How much corn and soybean meal need to be mixed together for 2,000 pounds of feed?
Sample Problem
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What’s important?2,000 pounds of feed needed10% crude protein neededCorn contains 9% proteinSoybean meal contains 45% protein
Sample Problem
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Step 1Draw a square with lines connecting the
opposite corners. Write the percent of crude protein needed (10) in the center of the square where the lines cross.
Pearson’s Square
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Step 2Write the feeds to be used and their crude
protein percents at the left hand corners of the square.
Pearson’s Square
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Step 3Subtract the smaller number from the larger
number along the diagonal lines. Write the difference at the opposite end of the diagonals.
Pearson’s Square
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Step 3—checkThe sum of the numbers on the right equals the
difference in the numbers on the left.
Pearson’s Square
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Step 4Divide the parts of each feed by the total parts
to find the percent of each feed in the ration.
Corn: (35/36) x 100 = 97%
Soybean: (1/36) x 100 = 3%
Pearson’s Square
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Step 5It is known that 2,000 pounds of the mixture is
needed. Thus, the amount of corn needed is 1,940 pound. This is found by multiplying the percent of corn in the mix by the total pounds of the mix.
2,000 x 0.97 = 1,940 pounds
Pearson’s Square
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Step 5The amount of soybean meal needed 60
pounds. This is found by multiplying the percent of soybean meal in the mix by the total pounds of the mis
2,000 x 0.03 = 60 pounds
Pearson’s Square
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Step 6Check the mix to make sure the protein needed
is met. Multiply the pounds of corn by the percent of protein in the corn (1,940 x 0.09 = 174.6). Multiply the pounds of soybean meal by the percent of protein in the soybean meal (60 x 0.45 = 27). Add the pounds of the protein together. Divide by the total weight of the mix.
Pearson’s Square
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Step 6174.6 + 27 = 201.6
(201.6 / 2000) x 100 = 10%
Pearson’s Square
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% Pound Protein
Corn 9 X .09
Soybean 45 Y .45
Total 10 2,000 .10(2,000)
Algebraic Solution
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X + Y = 2,000
.09X + .45 Y = .10(2000)
Solve for a variable, in this case X:X + Y = 2,ooo -Y -Y
X = 2,000 - Y
Algebraic Solution
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Solve for Y.09(2000 – Y) + .45Y = 200
Substitute X with X=(2,000 – Y)180 - .09Y + .45Y = 200
Algebraic Solution
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180 + .36Y = 200 -180 -180
.36Y = 20 (Divide both sides by .36)
Y= 55.6 pounds of soybean
Algebraic Solution
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Solve for X Substitute the value of Y into the first equation X + 55.6 = 2,000 -55.6 -55.6
X = 1944.4 pounds of corn
Algebraic Solution
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CheckX = 1944.4 pounds of cornY = 55.6 pounds of soybean
Substitute to checkX + Y = 2,0001944.4 + 55.6 = 2,000
Algebraic Solution
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2,000 pounds of feed is needed to feed a lactating mare. A feeding standard table shows that a 12.5% crude protein ration is needed. Oats and linseed meal are selected as feeds. A feed composition table shows that oats has 12% and Linseed meal has 38% crude protein on as-fed basis. How much oats and linseed meal need to be mixed together for 2,000 pounds of feed?
Sample Problem
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2,000 pounds of feed is needed to feed a weanling. A feeding standard table shows that a 14.5% crude protein ration is needed. Mixed sweet feed and a commercial protein supplement are selected as feeds. How much mixed sweet feed and commercial protein supplement need to be mixed together for 2,000 pounds of feed?
Sample Problems
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2,000 pounds of feed is needed to feed a yearling. How much sorghum and soybean meal need to be mixed together for 2,000 pounds of feed?
Sample Problem