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BASIC CONCEPT OF Q.S.
BASIC CONCEPT
OF
QUANTITY SURVEYING (Q.S.)
-PREPARED BY MANIRUL ISLAM
Quantity Surveyor (Civil), Teejan, Oman1. UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
SL.NO ITEMS
UNITFOR LABOUR
WORK
UNITFOR COMPLETED ITEM(MATERIAL+LABOUR)
01 Excavation cum / cft cum / cft
02 Back filling /
soling
cum / cft cum / cft
03 Footing
(Concreting)
No. cum / cft
04 P.C.C sqm / sft cum / cft
05 Column / Beam
/ Lintel
Concreting
rm / rft cum / cft
06 Slab
concreting
sqm / sft cum / cft
07 Pardi / Chajja /
Loft
Concreting
sqm / sft cum / cft
08 Staircase
Concreting
No. (per step) cum / cft
09 Brick masonry
10cm to 15cm
thick
sqm / sft sqm / sft
10 Brick masonry
23cm thick
sqm / sft cum / cft
11 Brick masonry
35cm thick
cum / cft cum / cft
12 U.C.R.
masonry
cum / cft cum / cft
13 Plastering /
Pointing
sqm / sft sqm / sft
14 Flooring /
Tiling
sqm / sft sqm / sft
15 Skirting / Steps rm / rft rm / rft
16 Sill Patti rm / rft rm / rft
17 Kitchen otta No. or rm / rft rm / rft
18 Painting sqm / sft sqm / sft
19 Doors /
Windows
No. or sqm / sft sqm / sft
20 Plumbing rm / rft rm / rft
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pipes
21 Plumbing
fitting /
sanitary ware
No. No.
22 Water tanks ltr. ltr.
23 Septic tanks ltr. No. of users
24 Road work
(asphalting)
sqm / sft sqm / sft
25 Electrical
cabling /
Wiring
rm / rft rm / rft
26 Electrical
points
No. No.
27 Water-proofing
to terrace
sqm / sft sqm / sft
28 Water-proofing
of W.C
No. sqm / sft
29 Gardening
(lawn)
sqm / sft sqm / sft
30 Gardening
(trees /
bushes)
No. No.
2. CONVERSION TABLE
SR.NO UNIT EQUIVALENT UNITS
01 1 meter 100 centimeter
02 1 meter 3.28 feet
04 1 centimeter 0.393 inch
05 1 foot 0.305 meter
07 1 inch 2.54 centimeter/ 25.4 mm
08 1 tone 1000 kg
09 1 kg 1000 grams
10 1 kg 0.001 tone
11 1 gram 0.001 kg
13 1 sq meter 10.76 sq feet
14 1 brass 100 sq feet
15 1 brass 9.29 sq meter
16 1 cu meter 35.28 cu feet
17 1 cu meter 1000 liters
18 1 cu feet 28.315 liters
19 1 brass 100 cu feet
20 1 cu feet 0.0283 cu meter
21 1 liter 0.001 cu meter
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22 1 liter 0.0353 cu feet
23 1 cu feet 0.01 brass
24 1 cu meter 0.35 brass
3. WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIAL
SR.NO MATERIAL THEORETICAL WEIGHT IN Kg/cum
01 Cement 1440
02 Steel 7850
03 Dry sand 1600
04 River sand 1840
05 Stone 2850 to 2960
06 Water 1000
07 P.C.C 2240
08 R.C.C. (2% steel) 2420
09 Bricks 1600 to 1920
10 Brick masonry 192011 Soil 1760
12 Cement concrete block (solid) 1800
13 Cement mortar 2080
14 Lime mortar 1760
15 Lime 640
16 Glass 2530
17 Teak wood 670 to 830
18 Sal wood 990
19 Marble stone 2620
20 Granite stone 2460 to2800
21 Cuddappa 2720
22 Bitumen 1040
RATE
ANALYSIS
1. P.C.C. FOOTING (1:3:6)
Consider 10 cum volume.
Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (Adding 50 to 52% for compaction, wastages etc)
Proportion (1:3:6) = 1+3+6 = 10
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Volume of cement = 15.2/10 = 1.52 cum.
= 1.52/0.035 = 43.4 bags ~ 44 bags.
Volume of sand = 1.52 X 3 = 4.56 cum.
Volume of metal = 1.52 X 6 = 9.12 cum.
MATERIAL QTY RATE PER AMOUNT
CEMENT 44 265 Rs. Bag 11660.00
SAND 4.56 1270 Rs. Cum 5791.20
METAL 9.12 900 Rs. Cum 8208.00
LABOURS NO. RATE PER AMOUNT
HEAD MASON 02 400 Rs. Day 800.00
MASON 04 250 Rs. Day 1000.00
MALE COOLIE 16 200 Rs. Day 3200.00
FEMALE COOLIE 07 150Rs. Day 1050.00
TOTAL = 31709.2
TOOLS & PLANTS L.S. 1% = 317.092
TOTAL=31709.2+317.092 = 32026.292
WATER & ELECTRIC CHARGES 2% = 640.52
TOTAL=32026.292+640.52 = 32666.818
CONTRACTORS PROFIT 25% = 8166 .705
GRANT TOTAL= 3266.818+8166.705 = 40833.505
RATE FOR 10 CU.M = 40833.505 Rs.
RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4083.350 Rs.
2. BRICK WORK
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Considering 1:4 ratios for cement mortar in 150mm thick brickwork.
Calculation of quantity for 5 cu.m volume in brickwork as follows:
Size of brick = 19 cm x9 cm x9 cm.
Vol. of brick = (0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09) cu.m
= 0.00154cu.m.
Vol. of brick with cement mortar
= (0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1) cu.m
= 0.002 cu.m.
No. of bricks in 5 cu.m
= 5 (vol. of one brick with mortar).
= 5 0.002
= 2500
Vol. of 2500 bricks = 2500 x vol. of one brick without mortar.
=2500 x 0.00154
= 3.85cu.m.
Vol. of mortar = 5 3.85 = 1.15 cu.m.
Add 15% (Bulkage + wastage)
\ Vol. of wet mortar = 1.15 + {1.15 x (15 100)}
= 1.323cu.m
Vol. of dry mortar = 1.323 + 33% in wet mortars for interlocking =1.759cu.m
Vol. of cement = 1.759 (1+4) =0.352cu.m
\ No. of cement bags = 0.352 0.035
=10.057bags.
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10.00bags
Vol. of sand = 0.352 x 4
= 1.408cu.m.
ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY RATE RS. AMOUNT RS.
a. Material
Cement
Sand
Bricks
10 bags
1.408 cu.m
2500 Nos.
250/bag
1270/cu.m
4/no.
2500.00
1788.16
10000.00
Mason
Head Mason
Male coolie
4
1
10
250/day
400/day
200/day
1000.00
400.00
2000.00
Total 17688.16
c. Tools & Plants 1% 0f total 176.88
Total 17865.04
d. Water charges 2% Of total 357.30
Total 18222.34
e. Supervisor, Overhead & Profit 25% Of the total 4555.58
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Total 22777.92
RATE FOR 5 CU.M = 22777.92 Rs.
RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4555.58 Rs.
3. R.C.C. COLUMN
Consider 10 cum volume.
Grade of concrete M 40
Proportion (1: 1.808:1.616) 1+1.808+1.616= 4.424 {as per mix design}
Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (52% for compaction & wastages)
Volume of Cement = 15.2/4.424 = 3.435 cum.
Cement bags = 3.435/0.035 = 98.12 ~ 99 Bags.
Sand = 3.435 X 1.808 = 6.21 cum.
Metal = 3.435 X 1.616= 5.55 cum.
MATERIAL QTY RATE PER AMOUNT
CEMENT 99 265 Rs. Bag 26235.00
SAND 6.21 1270 Rs. Cum 7886.70
METAL 5.55 900 Rs. Cum 4995.00
LABOURS NO. RATE PER AMOUNT
HEAD MASON 1 400 Rs. Day 400.00
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MASON 3 250 Rs. Day 750.00
MALE COOLIE 16 200 Rs. Day 3200.00
BHISTI 7 150 Rs. Day 1050.00
CARPENTER 4 200 Rs. Day 800.00
HELPER 8 125 Rs. Day 1000.00
TOTAL = 46316.7
Tools & Plants charges 1% = 463.167
TOTAL=46316.7+463.167 = 46779.86
Water charges 2% = 935.59
TOTAL=46779.86+935.59 = 47715.45
Contractors profit 25% = 11928.8
TOTAL = 47715.45+11928.8 = 59644.31
RATE FOR 10 CUM = RS. 59644.31/-
RATE FOR PER CU.M = RS. 5964.43/-
4. INTERNAL PLASTER
12mm thick internal plaster
Considering 100sqm area
Proportion of C:M = 1:4
Summation of proportion =5
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Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum
Quantity of wet mortar = 0.012 x 100 = 1.2cum
Adding 15% wastage = 1.2 + (1.2 x 0.15) =1.38cum
Volume of dry mix = 1.38 + (1.38 x 1/3) =1.84cum
Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1
= (1.84 /5) x 1
= 0.368cum
= 0.368 / 0.035
=10.5 bags
Volume of sand = (dry volume / 5) x 4
= (1.84 /5) x 4
= 1.472 cum
MATERIALS QUANTITY RATE (RS) AMOUNT (RS)
Sand 1.472cum 1300 /cum 1913
Cement 10.5bags 250 / bag 2625
Scaffolding L.S 550 550
LABOURS QUANTITY RATE (RS) AMOUNT (RS)Mason 8nos 200 1600
Helper 12nos 90 1080
Total 7768
Tools & Plants 1% 0f total 77.68
Total 7845.68
Water charges 2% Of total 156.91
Total 8002.59
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Supervisor, Overhead & Profit 25% Of the total 2000.65
Total 10003.23
RATE FOR 100m = 10003.23Rs.
RATE FOR 1m = 100.03Rs.
5. EXTERNAL PLASTER
20mm thick external plaster
Considering 100sqm area.
Proportion for mix C:M = 1:4.
Summation of proportion = 5.
Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum.
Quantity of wet mortar = 0.02 x 100 = 2cum.
Adding 20% wastage = 2 +( 2 x 0.2 ) = 2.4cum.
Volume of dry mix = 2.4 + (2.4 x 1/3) = 3.2cum.
Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1
= (3.2 /5) x 1
= 0.64cum
= 0.64 / 0.035
= 18.3 bags
= 19 bags
Volume of sand = (dry mix / 5) x 4
= (3.2 /5) x 4
= 2.56cum.
PARTICULAR QUANTITY RATE(RS) AMOUNT(RS)
Materials
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Sand 2.56cum 1300 3328
Cement 19bags 250 4750
Scaffolding L.S. 550 550
Labors
Mason 8nos 200 1600
Helper 12nos 90 1080
Total 11708.5
Tools & Plants 1% 0f total 117.08
Total 11825.60
Water charges 2% Of total 236.512
Total 12062.112
Supervisor, Overhead & Profit 25% Of the total 3015.53
Grand Total 15077.64
RATE FOR 100m = 15077.64Rs.
RATE FOR 1m =150.77Rs.
USEFULL DATA FOR ESTIMATION
Mixer Machine Capacity:
Sr. No: Capacity Dry volume in cumWet volume incum
Output per hourPetrol consumption per hourin litre
Remarks
1 6' / '4' 0.170 0.113 2.266 1.000
Each batch of concrete requireabout 3 minutes of mixing
2 7' / '5' 0.198 0.142 2.832 1.400
3 10' / '7' 0.283 0.198 3.965 1.700
Cement Mortar:
Sr. No: Ratio Cement in Kg Cement in bag Sand in 'cum'. Remarks
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1 1 : 1' 1054 21.08 0.73
Water may be generallytaken as 140 litres per 'cum'.
50 kg. cement bag size is (400350mm x 250mm internally. Vper is = 0.035 'cum'.
2 1 : 2' 686 13.72 0.96
3 1 : 3' 491 9.82 1.02
1 1 : 4' 380 7.60 1.05
5 1 : 6' 253 5.06 1.05
6 1 : 8' 192 3.84 1.06
Cement Concrete:
Sr. No: Ratio Cement in Kg Cement in bag Sand in 'cum'. Aggregate in 'cum'. Remarks
11 : 4 : 8' NominalMix
161 3.22 0.45 0.89
21 : 3 : 6' NominalMix 212 4.24 0.44 0.88
3 1 : 2 : 4' M15 317 6.34 0.44 0.88
4 1 : 1.5 : 3' M20 403 8.06 0.42 0.84
5 1 : 1 : 2' M25 555 11.10 0.385 0.77
Remarks
Considering dry density of concrete is 1.54 'cum'.
Aggregate may be used 60% : 40% ratio of 20mm and 10mm down respectively.
Water required for concrete varies from 28 to 35 litres per bag of (50kg) cement depending on the mix and proportion.
Reinforcement (Steel) works:
Reinforcement usually required in various situation is as follows:
Culvert and foundaion = 0.5% to 1%
Slab and landing = 0.5% to 1.5%
Arch, wal, floor and flate roof = 1% to 2%
Column and brace = 2 % to 3%
Column and brace = 2 % to 3%
Pile = 2% to 5%
Remarks
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Binding or tying wire for reinforcement may be taken as 0.9 to 1.3 kg per quintal of reinforcement.
One 50 kg. bag of cement will make approximately following volume of concrete:
The equivalent size of a box for 50 kg. cement bag is 400mmx350mmx250mm internally.
0.133 'cum' of 1 : 1.5 : 3 concrete.
0.166 'cum' of 1 : 2 : 4 concrete.
0.140 'cum' of 1: 1 : 2 concrete.
0.250 'cum' of 1: 3 : 6 concrete.
0.333 'cum' of 1: 4 : 8 concrete.
0.400 'cum' of 1: 5 : 10 concrete.
0.500 'cum' of 1: 6 : 12 concrete.