Download - Basics of Turbine Governing System
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BTPS, NTPC LTDH K SETHI
WELCOME
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SPRING
DISC
TURBINE
GENERATOR
CONTROL VALVE
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TURBINE
CONTROL VALVE
GEN
M M M M
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TURBINE ROTOR
WORM GEAR
SPRING
FLY WEIGHT
FIXED FULCRUM
CONTROL VALVE
SLEEVE
V
0
maxn1
n3n2
(n1-n3) x 100Droop (in %) =
(n1+n3) /2
H
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FREQUENCY VS LOAD CURVE
50 Hz 52.5 Hz51.25 Hz
100%
50%
0% Frequency in Hz
Load in %
Assumption, Droop = 5 %
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CHARACTERISTICS OF FREQUENCY INFLUENCE
Droop = 4 %
Droop = 8 %
48 5250
Frequency (in Hz)
+50 %
- 50 %Load
49 51
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VARIATION IN LOAD IN A GRID
DROOP
3 % 4 % 5 %
100 % 1.5 Hz 2 Hz 2.5 Hz
50 % .75 Hz 1 Hz 1.25 Hz
25 % .375 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.625 Hz
10 % 0.15 Hz 0.2 Hz .25 Hz
5 % 0.075Hz 0.1 Hz 0.125 Hz
EFFECT OF DROOP SETTING ON GRID REQUENCY
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INDIAN POWER SECTOR (DEMAND AND SUPPLY)
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Region Energy Demand
Energy Available
Energy Shortage
Peak Demand
Peak Met
Peak Shortage
MU MU MU % MW MW MW %
Northern
82,885 76,077 -6,808 -8.2 24,092 21,889
-2,203 -9.1
Western 88,896 78,353 -10,543
-11.9
25,937 20,736
-5,201 -20.1
Southern
71,332 63,829 -7,503 -10.5
22,205 18,892
-3,313 -14.9
Eastern 26,301 25,569 -732 -2.8 8,076 7,676 -400 -5
North-Eastern
3,120 2,996 -124 -4.0 1,161 981 -180 -15.5
All India 2,72,534
2,46,824 -25,710
-9.4 79,443 68,581
-10,862
-13.7
INDIAN POWER SCENARIO (FROM APRIL – SEPT 2002)
Data taken from proceedings of National Seminar on “Grid Operation & Management” conducted by CBIP, New Delhi
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Data taken from proceedings of National Seminar on “Grid Operation & Management” conducted by CBIP, New Delhi
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Time
Region wise Frequency Profile (From Apr - Sept' 02)
< 48.5 Hz 1.12 24.09 72.46 4.96
48.5 – 49.0 Hz 8.18 17.58 13.11 11.62
49 – 50.5 Hz 73.85 53.05 13.13 48.05
50.5 – 51 Hz 14.18 4.54 1.29 15.7
> 51 Hz 2.67 0.74 0.01 19.67
Northern Western Southern Eastern & NE
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EXAMPLE OF NORTHERN GRID
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY= 28000 MW NORMALLY AVAILABLE POWER (APPROX.) = 17000 MW PEAK LOAD DEMAND IN A DAY (APPROX.) = 19000 MW HENCE TOTAL SHORTFALL IN A DAY = 2000 MW
(APPROX. 10%) THEREFORE, VARIATION IN GRID FREQUENCY
SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 0.25 Hz (=.1*2.5Hz). BUT
IN ACTUAL THE VARIATION IN FREQUENCY IS OF THE
ORDER OF 1-1.5 Hz.
ASSUMPTION :- DROOP = 5 %
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FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION
(FGMO)
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WHAT IS FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ?
THE MAIN PURPOSE OF FREE GOVERNOR OPERATION IS
TO MAINTAIN NATIONAL GRID FREQUENCY AT 50 Hz
FREE GOVERNOR OPERATION ALLOWS THE MACHINE
TO LOAD OR UNLOAD DEPENDING UPON WHETHER
FREQUENCY IS LOWER THAN 50 Hz OR MORE THAN 50 Hz
RESPECTIVLEY
VARIATION IN GRID FREQUENCY CAN BE MINIMIZED BY
PUTTING ALL THE GENERATING STATIONS ON “FREE
GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ”
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GOVERNING SCHEME PART-1
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GOVERNING SCHEME PART-2
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GOVERNING SCHEME PART-3
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GOVERNING SCHEME PART-4
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GOVERNING SCHEME PART-5
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GOVERNING SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
SETTING
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S.N.
Gov Bellow
Aux F/U Piston
F/U Piston
Aux SOP
HP SOP IPSOP HPCV 1/2
IPCV 1/2
(Stroke in mm) (in Kg/cm2) (v/v Stroke in mm)
1. 0 0 0 2.3 2.5 - 0 -
2. 0.57 1.05 0.95 2.52 2.79 2.5 2.5 0
3. 1 1.84 1.66 2.68 3 3.18 4.5 6.8
4. 1.18 2.18 1.95 2.75 3.09 3.47 5 10.5
5. 1.3 2.4 2.16 2.79 3.15 3.66 5.5 16
6. 1.6 2.95 2.41 2.91 3.3 4.12 7 30
7. 2 3.69 3.32 3.06 3.5 4.76 8.8 75
8. 2.15 3.96 3.57 3.12 3.57 5 9.5 95
9. 2.5 4.61 4.15 3.25 3.75 11.8
10. 3.2 5.9 5.31 3.52 4.1 16.4
11. 3.9 7.19 6.47 3.78 4.45 25.5
12. 4.5 8.3 7.47 4.01 4.75 28.8
13. 5 9.22 8.3 4.2 5 50
GOVERNING SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS SETTING
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Governing System Characteristics
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Stro
ke in
mm
GOVERNOR BELLOWS AUX. FOLLOW UP PISTON FOLLOW UP PISTON
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Governing System Characteristics
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Oil
Pres
sure
in K
g/cm
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Valv
e st
roke
in m
m
AUX SOP HP SOP IP SOP HPCV1/2 IPCV1/2
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LMW GOVERNING SCHEMES
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THANK YOU