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R C S : DOI-1005Form No. 10-306 Rev. 10-74)UNITE STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL PARK SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
INVENTORY NOMINATION FORMF O R F E D E R A L P R O P E R T I E S
SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETENATIONAL REGISTER FORMSTYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS
HISTORICArtillery District o Honolulu__________________________________A N D / O R C O M M O N Battery Randolph Fort D e R u s s y ) a n d Batteries S e l f r i d g e , J a c k s o n ,H a w k i n s , Hawkins A n n e x and Hasbrouck ( F o r t Kamehameha^_______________
S T R E E T N U M B E R Building 32 Kalia Road Fort D e Russy and Buildings 420 430 440450. and 460. Fort Kameharoeha _ N O T F O R P U L I C T I O NCITY. TOWNHonolulu
STATEHawaiiVICINITY OFCODE15
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
COUNTY CODEHonolulu 3HJCLASSIFICATION
CATEGORYDISTRICT_BUILDING(S)STRUCTURESITEOBJECTJDHEMATIC
GROUP
OWNERSHIPXPUBLICPRIVATEBOTH
PUBLIC ACQUISITIONIN PROCESSBEING CONSIDERED
STATUSX-OCCUPIEDUNOCCUPIEDWORK IN PROGRESS
ACCESSIBLEX_YJ[S: RfSTBICTED .v Fort Karaenaraeha/LYES: UNRESTRICTED^ort DeRussy
PRESENT USE_GRICULTURE J&UJSEUM _ _Fort DeRussCOMMERCIAL PARKEDUCATIONAL PRIVATE RESIDENCEENTERTAINMENT RELIGIOUSGOVERNMENT SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL TRANSPORTATIONXMILITARY, _ T H E R :
;Fort KaroehamenaREGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: If applicable
ST R EET N U MBERDirectorate ofCITY T O W NFort Shafter
Engineering and Housing VICINITY OF STATEHawaii 96858
LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTIONCOURTHOUSE.REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC. US Army Support Command . Hawaii
Directorate of Engineering and HousingCITY. TOWN STATE
Hawaii 96858REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYST I T L U S Army Support C o m m a n d , H a w a i i , Historical Property Inventory and Ev aluationReport ( b y B e r n i c e P . Bishop Museum)__________________________________
D AT EApril 1 9 7 7 X F E D E R A L _STATE _COUNTY L O C A L
CITY. TOWNFort Shafter STATEHawaii 96858
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EXCELLENTX-GOOD_FAIR
CONDITIONDETERIORATED
RUINS_NEXPOSED
CHECK ONEUNALTEREDX-ALTERED
CHECK ONEX-ORIGINALSITE
MOVFD DATF
A . Description o f t h e Thematic G r o u p . T h e Artillery District o f Honolulu w a s establishby WD GO N o . 7 4 o n 2 4 April 1 9 0 9 a n d consisted o f F o r t s R u g e r , D e R u s s y , K a m e h a m e h a , a n dA r m s t r o n g . T h e District was renamed Headquarters C o a s t D e f e n s e s o f Oahu s o m e t i m e betwee1 9 1 1 1 9 1 3 . Following World War I a n d u n t i l t h e e n d o f World War I I , a d d i t i o n a l c o a s t abatteries were constructed a t t h e above-mentioned a n d o t h e r l o c a t i o n s throughout t h eI s l a n d , For t h e most p a r t t h e s e l a t e r fortifications a n d even t h o s e o r i g i n a l structuresremaining a t Fort Ruger and Fort Armstrong, a r e no l o n g e r under Army-control. F o r t sRuger and Armstrong h a v e s i n c e been returned o r s o l d t o t h e State o f H a w a i i . Otherfortifications r e m a i n under military ownership o r , in a f e w c a s e s , private o w n e r s h i p .T h e r e f o r e , only t h o s e structures a t Forts DeRussy and K a m e h a m e h a , under Army-controla n d reflecting t h e Roosevelt-Taft period o f expanding American i n t e r e s t i n t h e P a c i f i c ,a r e presently included i n t h e Thematic G r o u p .B . G e n e r a l P h y s i c a l Description o f t h e S t r u c t u r e s . T h e attached T a b l e ( I n c l 1 ) brieflysummarizes t h e information referenced i n paragraphs 6 and 9 . Attached a t I n c l 2 a r einventory f o r m s a n d drawings f o r a l l individual p r o p e r t i e s . O r i g i n a l s of t h e drawingsmay b e found in t h e National Archives < R G 7 7 , O f f i c e o f t h e C h i e f o f E n g i n e e r s , GeneralCorrespondence 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 2 3 , N o . 6 8 , 2 5 8 ) .C . Maps and P h o t o g r a p h s . Maps (7.5-Minute S e r i e s ) showing t h e location of BatteryR a n d o l p h , Fort DeRussy ( I n c l 3 ) a n d t h e g e n e r a l locations o f fortifications a tF o r t Kamehameha ( I n c l 4 ) are a t t a c h e d . Detailed maps showing t h e s a m e structure a r ealso included ( F o r t DeRussy a t I n c l 5 a n d Fort Kamehameha a t I n c l 6 ) . Photographsshowing various aspects of most o f t h e fortifications a r e attached a t I n c l o s u r e s 7through 1 6 . T h e following information i s supplied on t h e back o f each p h o t o g r a p h :
1 . Name o f t h e p r o p e r t y .2 . City and State where l o c a t e d .3 . Name o f t h e photographer.4 . D a t e o f t h e p h o t o g r a p h .5 . Location of photograph n e g a t i v e .6 . Description of view indicating direction o f c a m e r a .7 . Photograph n u m b e r .
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No. 10-300a10-74
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F THE INTERIORNATIONAL PARK SERVICE
REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY NOMINATION FORM
FOR N FS
CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 3
2 . T h e Army mission i n H a w a i i was defined i n 1 9 2 0 a s t h e d e f e n s e o f P e a r l HarborN a v a l Base against d a m a g e f r o m n a v a l o r aerial bombardment o r b y enemy sympathizersa n d attack b y enemy expeditionary f o r c e o r f o r c e s , supported o r unsupported by anenemy f l e e t o r f l e e t s , t h e batteries a t F o r t K a m e h a m e h a , a s t h e coast d e f e n s e f o rP e a r l H a r b o r , was t h e k e y s t o n e o f t h i s m i s s i o n . Batteries a t F o r t Weaver a n d FortBarrette (constructed i n 1 9 3 5 ) completed pre-World W a r I I c o a s t a l defense network f o rP e a r l H a r b o r . Batteries a t F o r t D e R u s s y , including Battery R a n d o l p h , and F o r t R u g e r ,were responsible f o r t h e d e f e n s e o f Honolulu H a r b o r . W h i l e n o n e o f t h e l a r g e caliberg u n s were ever f i r e d e x c e p t i n p r a c t i c e , t h e secondary anti-aircraft g u n s o f c o a s t a lartillery u n i t s a t Fort K a m e h a m e h a were credited with shooting d o w n a number o f attaca i r c r a f t o n t h e morning o f 7 December 1 9 4 1 . During t h e y e a r s t h a t followed a n dcontinuing t o t h e end o f World War I I , t h e batteries had a calming eff ect o n t h el o c a l p o p u l a c e . T h e following quotation f r o m Blake Clark s Remember P e a r l Harborpublished i n 1 9 4 2 provides a feeling o f t h e t i m e s i n 1 9 4 1 a n d 1 9 4 2 i n H a w a i i :
B u t s u p p o s e t h a t t h e J a p s break through t h e outer ring? T h e y d i d i to n c e . No matter whe re an enemy l a n d s o n O a h u , h e w i l l meet a murderousbarrage o f f i r e . From Diamond Head t o W a i a n a e , t h e artillery o f concealedf o r t s - - R u g e r , D e R u s s y , K a m e h a m e h a , Shafter and more--covers e v e r y inch o fo c e a n a n d b e a c h . When they open u p with big c a n n o n , five-inch AA g u n s a n d9 , 1 2 , and 1 5 - i n c h r i f l e s , t h e whole e n d o f t h e island s h a k e s a s i f i nviolent earthquake.
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SIGNIFICANCEPERIOD
1500-15991600-16991700-17991800-1899
AREAS O F SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOWARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORICARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC_AGRICULTUREJ&XRCHITECTUREARTCOMMERCECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNITY PLANNINGCONSERVATIONECONOMICSEDUCATION.^ENGINEERINGEXPLORATION/SETTLEMENTINDUSTRYINVENTION
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURELAW_LITERATURE.XMILITARYMUSICPHILOSOPHYPOLITICS/GOVERNMENT
RELIGIONSCIENCESCULPTURESOCIAL/HUMANITARIANTHEATERTRANSPORTATIONOTHER (SPEC' cv\
SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECTSTATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE. Architectural and Engineering Significance o f Batteries a t Forts D eRussy andK a m e h a m e h a .
1 . I n 1 9 0 5 , President Roosevelt convened a g r o u p , headed by Secretary o f W a rWilliam Howar d T a f t , t o review t h e entire c o a s t a l defense program a n d bring i t u p t od a t e . T h e T a f t B o a r d n o t only accelerated t h e installation o f many modern f e a t u r e s i nexisting batteries reco mmended and cons tructed by t h e earlier E n d i c o t t Board ( c a 1 8 8 5 ) ,b u t i t also proposed construction o f new f o r t i f i c a t i o n s outside t h e continental UnitedS t a t e s . These new f o r t s were designed t o protect newly acquired insular possessionsin t h e Philippines, H a w a i i , and t h e C a n a l Z o n e . T h e M a n i l a Bay works were badly damagedduring World W a r I I . T h o s e remaining i n H a w a i i a n d t h e C a n a l Z o n e , i n c o n t r a s t , tend t ob e i n excellent condition although lacking any o f their original a r m a m e n t . While manyo f t h e s e structures a r e architecturally similar in appearance t o t h e many heavy-caliber,dispersed batteries remaining f r o m t h e Endicott period ( r e f 9 a ) , t h e y a r e products o f adifferent e r a a n d expanding f o r e i g n p o l i c y . In f a c t , Battery Randolph a n d t h e c o a s t a latteries a t Fort Kamehameha a r e but a few examples o f structures recommended by t h eT a f t B o a r d and s t i l l under United States c o n t r o l .
2 . Battery Randolph a t Fort DeRussy a n d t h e batteries a t Fort Kamehameha ( S e l f r i d g eJ a c k s o n , H a w k i n s , Hawkins A n n e x , and H a s b r o u c k ) demonstrate t h e s h i f t i n emphasis f r o mfortification structures to t h e weapons contained t h e r e i n . I n contrast t o t h e s t a r k ,v e r t i c a l walls o f older f o r t s , t h e new works o f reinforced concrete were designed tos o f a r a s p o s s i b l e , into t h e surrounding l a n d s c a p e . The l o w p r o f i l e , massivemplacements a l l possess concrete f r o n t a l walls a s much a s twenty f e e t thick behind 3 0or m o r e additional f e e t o f e a r t h . T h e batteries were ( a n d s t i l l a r e ) a l l but invisibleand invulnerable f r o m t h e seaward d i r e c t i o n . T h e permanency of construction i s alsoevident by their p r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n .B .
1 . T h e historical r o l e played by t h e Hawaiian C o a s t Artillery Command i s bestdescribed i n a n article by t h e C o u n c i l o n Abandoned Military P o s t s ( C A M P ) entitledC o a s t Defenses o f Hawaii ( r e f 9 b ) , and by Appendix G a n d Appendix I o f A Historyo f F o r t S h a f t e r ( r e f 9 c ) .
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A . L e w i s , B . I U , 1 9 7 9 , Seacoaat Fortifications o f t h e United S t a t e s . Leeward P u b l i c a t i o n s I n c . , Annapolis, M D .B , C l a r k , R . N . S , , 1 9 7 3 . Coast Defense o f H a w a i i . C o u n c i l o n Abandoned MilitaryP o s t s ( C A M P ) P e r i o d i c a l . 5 ( 2 ) : 1 5 - 2 5 .C , A History o f Fort Shafter d a t e d 3 1 December 1 9 7 4 . Unpublished manuscriptavailable f r o m Deputy Ins tallation C o m m a n d e r , Fort S h a f t e r , U S A S C H .
6.7 Acres
ZO N E
Battery Randolph Fort DeRussy.B Approximate center of fortifications at Fort Kamehameha
I6l2.0l7.0i0l I 2. 3J5t3l7i5.0| flip .-.ri Ifi I'Q.7J6'. S.fl| i ?. 3 J S.ftiZONE EASTING NORTHINGA ST IN Gu _ - L - l N O R T H I N GI . I . I J-JL Z O N EJ L - L- L J L
t h e thematic group c o n s i s t s o f Building 3 2 a t Fort DeRussy and Buildings 4 2 0 , 4 3 0 ,4 4 0 , 4 5 0 , a n d 460 a t Fort K a m e h a m e h a , including any earthen w a l l s , seaward o f t h e s es t r u c t u r e s .
STATE CODE COUNTY CODE
NAME/TITLEA l v i n L . C h a r . E n v i ro n me n t al P r o t e c ti o n S p a e ia l is t
ORGANIZATION DATEDirectorate o f Engineering and H o u s i n g , U S Army Support C o m m a n d , H a w a i i , ( 8 0 8 > 6 5 5 * 0 6 9 1
STREETS NUMBER TELEPHONE
CITY O R TOWNPort- Sha friar
STATE
C E R T IF IC A TI O N O F NOMINATIONSTATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER RECOMMENDATI
STATE OfllC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATUREIn compliance with Executive Order 11593,1 hereby nominate this property to the National Register, certifying that the StateHistoric Preservation Officer has been allowed 90 days ip which to present the nomination to the State Review Board and toevaluate its significance. The evaluated level of signi^^nce is^/__Nalio/ijl 8^3iQJ__Local.FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE
TITLE
OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HJST0RIC PRESERVATION
GPO 899-214
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N o . 1 0 - 3 0 0 a1 0 - 7 4
UNITED ST TES DEP RTMENT OF THE INTERIORN TION L P RK SERVICE
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY NOMINATION FORM
F O R N F S u s e
D TEENTiBI
CONTINU TION SHEET ITEM NUM R 10 P A G E
1 0 . G E O G R A P H I C A L DATA. The information provided on this C o n t i n u a t i o n Sheets u p e r s e d e s that pre v iou s ly p r o v i d e d for Item Number 1 0 ( G E O G R A P H I C A L DATA ),I n c l o s u r e 1 ( Approximate Area o f S t r u c t u r e and E a r t h Ber m ), and I n c l o s u r e 2( UTM COORDI NATES ).Total A c rea g e o f N omi n a t e d P r o p e r t y 9 . 3 acres
A . A c rea g eo f I n d i v i d u a lP r o p e r t i e s
2.5
B . UTMRe f eren c e sZone E a s t i n g N o r t h i n g
FJ 620700 2353750
B a t t e r y S e l f r i d g eBldg N o . 4 2 0 ,Fort Kamehameha
B a t t e r y J a c k s o nBldg N o . 4 3 0 ,Fort Kamehameha
B a ttery H a w k i n sBldg N o . 4 4 0 ,Fort Kamehameha
B a ttery H a w k i n s A n n e xBldg N o . 4 5 0 ,F o r t Kamehameha
2.5
1. 1
0.5
0.1
2 . 6
F J 60835 0 2358 080
F J 6079 20 235815 0
F J 6 0 7 5 2 0 2358 280
F J 6 0 7 5 0 0 2 3 5 8 3 8 0
FJ 607 400 235 8880
C . VerbalB o u n d a r yD e s c r i p t i o nRe f eren c e originalfenceline o n 1916 p l a tmap (Inclosure 2 ) ,excluding the areaformerly o c c u p i e d byB a ttery Dudley. F e n c ei s n o longer present.Re f eren c e originalfenceline o n 1916 platmap (Inclosure 2 ) .Original fence i s nolonger present.Re f eren c e o r i gi n a lfenceline o n 1916 platmap (Inclosure 2 ) .Fence i s no longerpresent.Re f eren c e o r i gi n a lfenceline on 1916 platmap (Inclosure 2 ) .Fence i s n o longerpresent.Rein f or c e d c o n c r e t estructure and earthberm only.Re f eren c e originalfenceline on 1916 p l a tmap (Inclosure 2 ) .Fence i s n o longerpresent.