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Becoming a World Power
Ch. 23
p.656-675
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Warm Up
• When should you get involved in the affairs of another country?
• What problems could arise because of this?• Look at the map on p. 660. How did the
location of these new U.S. territories differ from previous areas of expansions?
• Why did the U.S. want, and then acquire, these new territories?
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U.S. Continues to Expand
• Leaders of the U.S. wanted to match European powers and establish overseas colonies
• Wanted to become an imperialist country (imperialism)– The policy by which stronger nations
extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
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U.S. Expansion cont..• Why is this ironic?• The idea of this expansion was fueled by certain
beliefs:• 1. Economic Interests
– Expansion would increase money, and colonies would provide raw materials for industry
• 2. Military Interests– Would provide bases for the newly expanded navy– Easier to reach different parts of the world
• 3. Cultural Superiority– America is the best at everything– Democracy is the best form of gov’t– Everyone should be democratic
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Alaska• William Seward wanted the U.S. to expand
– How do we know him?– Sec. of State under Lincoln
• 1867, he arranged the purchase of Alaska from Russia– 7.2 million dollars
• Not a popular move, at the time– Polar Bear Garden, Seward’s Icebox is what the
papers said– Actually it was a huge bargain– Alaska is rich in natural resources– OIL!!!
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Hawaii
• Seward also wanted to purchase some volcanic rock and coral out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean– This is the Hawaiian Islands!!!
• Hawaii was inhabited by descendants of the Peloponnesian people
• 1800s Christian missionaries from the US moved their and set up sugar plantations
• These wealthy planters dominated the economy
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Hawaii cont..• 1891-Queen Liliuokalani became leader of
Hawaii• She limited the planters power--they had too
much• 1893-Planters, with the help of the US
marines, staged a revolt– Overthrew the Queen – Set up own gov’t and asked the US to annex
Hawaii
• Hawaii was annexed in 1898– What does annexed mean?
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Spanish-American War
• By the late 1800s, Spain’s rule was weakening
• They used to be THE world power
• Now they only controlled the Philippine Islands, Cuba, and Puerto Rico
• The people wanted independence
• Cuban’s started to revolt
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Spanish-American War cont.• Spain was worried and sent General
Valeriano “the Butcher” Weyler to crush the rebels
• He forced Cubans from their homes, and placed them in camps
• Thousands died of starvation• All this worried the US
– Disrupt trade with Cuba
• The USpress began publishing what was going on, and people were outraged
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Spanish-American War cont..
• The newspapers printed, and often exaggerated, what was going on and how cruel the Spanish were– This is called yellow journalism
• All of these emotions, the economic problems, and the sudden need to save the Cuban people, forced America to act
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The WAR• 1898--William McKinley was president
– Did not want a war– Fought in the Civil War, and saw enough bloodshed
to last his lifetime• “I have seen the dead piled up, and I do not want to see another”
• But, the American people and the gov’t wanted a war– Stirred on by all the yellow journalism
• McKinley was forced to take action• Demanded Spain stop its harsh treatment
– They brought Weyler home, but the treatment remained the same
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WAR cont..• January 1898, McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine
to Cuba– Riots broke out in Havana, and he sent the Maine to
protect US citizens
• February, 1898 while sitting in Cuban waters the Maine blew up!!!– Killed 262, wounded another 51
• The US press had a field day with this– The Spanish blew up the Maine!!– To Hell with Spain!! Remember the Maine!!– The Maine stayed in Cuba’s waters, half sunk, for
two years
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War cont..
• The explosion remains a mystery even until today– Some believe it was a harbor mine– Some believe it was spontaneous combustion
• Over 5 tons of gun powder, and coal in the hull of the ship
• The cause did not matter• Spain was to blame-- and now McKinley was
forced to act
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War cont..
• Remember the Maine!!! Became a call to arms
• April 20, 1898-- McKinley called for Cuba’s independence, and a withdrawal of Spanish troops– You have 3 days to comply– Spain refused-- war begins!!!