Download - Before you jump into this slide show, you should view the Presentation on EarthquakeSeismology
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Before you jump into this slide show, you should view the Presentation on
EarthquakeSeismologySee notes for link.
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Earthquake Intensity is what you feel.What controls ground shaking and earthquake
damage?Magnitude — More energy released by larger earthquakeDistance — Shaking decreases with distanceGeology — Local geology can amplify the shakingBuilding style — Strength and building designDuration of shaking — Increases with earthquake magnitudeExample:
1994 Northridge EQ, M=6.7
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Seismic intensity is affected by rock type.
Amplitude of oscillation
How would you expect the houses to react during an EQ?
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Seismic intensity is affected by rock type.
Amplitude of oscillation increasing
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Amplification of Ground Motion
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Damage from Loma Prieta EQ 1989
West of Oakland.Marina District
of San Francisco.
Santa Cruz.
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Landslides
El Salvador January 2001 M7.6
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Liquefaction experimentWhat happens to a structure built on a weak
foundation when an earthquake strikes?
Photos: Lily RodriguezFrom website below
For the description of this liquefaction activity:http://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/activezone/liquefaction.html
Niigata, Japan 1964Source: National Geophysical Data Center
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Building design: If the resonant frequency of a building is equal to the frequency of ground oscillation, then damage or collapse is likely.
What is resonant frequency?
Discussion: Why is building damage selective?
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ResonanceOscillating buildings demonstration—3 methods.
BOSS model
Links to video demonstrations by John Lahr are in notes.
Two similar demonstrations use simpler methods:
Spaghetti & Manilla file raisins……. “Boss lite”…
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During earthquakes, buildings experience vertical AND horizontal accelerations. NOT a simple problem
to engineer earthquake resistance .. BUT can be done.
“Earthquakes don’t kill people. Buildings that collapse during earthquakes kill people.”
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Building design is critical to earthquake safety
Resistance to shear is critical.
See the video lecture on Building Strength available through link provided in Notes.
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Seismic Retrofit
1942 North Portland HouseWood frame NOT attached to
foundation.
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Seismic Retrofit
Bolting frame to foundation on exterior.
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Seismic Retrofit
Post & beam reinforcement.
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Base Isolation