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Beginnings of Industrialization
Chapter 9Section 1
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Main Idea
• The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries.
• The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.
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Introduction • Political revolutions brought
about change in government.• Examples?• Industrial Revolution changed
the way people worked.• Increased output due to
machine-made goods.• Hand-made goods v.
machine-made goods
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Agricultural Revolution
• Farmers bought up a lot of the small farms.
• Increased acreage increased cultivation
• New farming methods increased production
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Enclosure Act• Farmers owned several strips of
land, scattered throughout open fields.
• The enclosure act gave farmers one large area of land equal to the original acreage.
• The enclosure act required farmers to fence their area.
• Many could not afford it.• RESULT?• Move to the city.• This helped lead to the Industrial
Revolution.
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Crop Rotation
Year 1
Year 2
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Why England?• Large population of
workers• Highly skilled workforce
• Extensive natural resources• Water power and coal • Iron ore (to construct
machines)• Rivers• Harbors
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Why England? (cont.)• Expanding economy
• What is needed to start or expand a business?
• Increased trade, prosperity increased demand
• Political stability• None of Britain’s wars in the
1700s occurred in Britain.• Britain had all the factors of
production.• Everything needed to
produce goods• Land, labor and capital
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Inventions
• Creativity Inventions Industrialization• Industrialization = the process of developing
machine production of goods.
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Changes in the Textile Industry• Textile = cloth• New inventions made it
possible to mass produce textiles faster and more efficiently.
• Britain was in need of clothing due to the population boom.
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Factories
• Textile merchants put inventions, like the spinning mule, in a large building called a factory.
• The machines operated on water power.• Where would be a logical place to build a
factory?• Near rivers and streams.
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Cotton• Many textiles were made from cotton• Cotton has seeds.• Can you imagine picking the seeds out by
hand?• Eli Whitney’s solution? • Invention of the cotton gin.
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Effect of the Cotton Gin
• American cotton production• 1790 – 1.5 million pounds produced• 1810 – 85 million pounds produced
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Transportation• Textile progress other industrial improvements.• Steam Engine – cheap, convenient source of power.• The early model used too much fuel.• James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more
efficiently.
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Water Transportation• Steam was also used to propel boats.• Water transportation improved with a network of
canals.• More canals decreased transportation costs
of both raw materials and finished goods.
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The Railway Age Begins
• Steam powered machinery led the industrial revolution during the late 1700s.
• After 1820, the railway led the way.
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Rocket• George Stephenson invented Rocket. • Hauled 13 tons at a speed of 24 miles per hour.
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Effects of the Locomotive
• 1. Spurred industrial growth due to cheap transportation.
• 2. Created hundreds of thousands of new jobs.
• 3. England’s agricultural and fishing industry boomed.
• 4. Encouraged country people to take distant city jobs.