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Behavior Support Planning
January 31, 2013Karen O’Brien
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Assumptions and Objectives• Assumptions
▫ You are already implementing School-wide PBIS
▫ You already conduct functional behavioral assessments
▫ You are already working with teams to build behavior support plans for individual students.
• Objectives▫ Define a process for moving from assessment to
behavior support plan.▫ Determine Desired & Replacement Behaviors; Select
Prevention & Teaching Strategies & Positive/Negative Consequences
▫ Practice writing BSPs
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Main Messages
• Know the “foundation” information BEFORE building a plan:
What, Where, When, Who, Why (FBA information) For complex plans build information about social, family,
medical and contextual issues that may be influencing behavior.
• Make the plan fit the student and the context Efficient, tailored support Make behaviors irrelevant, inefficient & ineffective
• Implement individual behavior support plans within school-wide systems.
• Establish a plan to monitor and evaluate the plan on a regular basis
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Tertiary Prevention:Specialized
IndividualizedSystems for Students
with High-Risk Behavior
Secondary Prevention:
Specialized GroupSystems for Students
with At-Risk Behavior
Primary Prevention:School-/Classroom-Wide Systems for
All Students,Staff, & Settings
~80% of Students
~15%
~5%
School-Wide Positive Behavior
& Intervention Supports
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•Behavior support is the redesign of environments, not the redesign of individuals
•Positive Behavior Support Plans define changes in the behavior of those who will implement the plan. ▫A behavior support plan describes what
we will do differently.
A Context for PBIS
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Behavior Support Elements
Problem Behavior
Functional Assessment
Content of Support Plan
Fidelity of Implementation
Impact on Behavior and Lifestyle
*Team*Specialist
*Hypothesis statement*Competing Behavior Analysis *Contextual Fit
*Implementation Plan
*Technical Adequacy* Strengths
* Preferences
* Lifestyle vision
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Behavior Support Elements
Problem Behavior
Functional Assessment
Content of Support Plan
Fidelity of Implementation
Impact on Behavior and Lifestyle
*Team*Specialist
*Hypothesis statement*Competing Behavior Analysis *Contextual Fit
*Implementation Plan
*Technical Adequacy* Strengths
* Preferences
* Lifestyle vision
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Outcomes of a Functional Behavioral Assessment• Operationally defined problem behavior(s)
▫ By response class
• Identify routines in which the problem behavior is most and least likely to occur
• Define the antecedent events (triggers; setting events) that predict when the problem behavior is most likely
• Define the ONE consequence that contributes most to maintaining the problem behavior in that routine.
• Summary Statement of findings.
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Setting Events TriggeringAntecedents
MaintainingConsequences
ProblemBehavior
FBA Summary Statement
12 34
Head Hit
In room with Noise and/or too many people
Avoid noise/peopleAllergies
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Identifying Maintaining Consequences
Given a Problem Behavior
Get: Object, Activity, Sensation
Avoid: Object, Activity, Sensation
Social Physiological Social Physiological
Precise Event
Precise Event
PreciseEvent
PreciseEvent
Object/Activity
Object/Activity
PreciseEvent
PreciseEvent
Video
What about Power, Control, Choice,
Revenge?These are large social
constructs that do not help in the design of specific behavior
support. Each can be narrowed to “what you get” or “what you
avoid.” To make functional assessment functional the
outcomes must be very specific and precise.
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Use FBA to Design Effective Support:The Design of Effective Environments
• Make problem behaviors irrelevant▫ Aversive events are removed▫ Access to positive events are more common
• Make problem behaviors inefficient▫ Appropriate behavioral alternatives are acceptable▫ Appropriate behavioral alternatives are taught
• Make problem behaviors ineffective▫ Problem behaviors are not rewarded▫ Desired behavior(s) ARE rewarded
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Using FBA to Design Effective Support:The Simple BSP
•How can we prevent problem situations?•What should we teach as an alternative
behavior?•How to increase reward of appropriate
behavior?•How to minimize reward of problem behavior?•Are negative consequences for problem
behavior needed?•Are safety routines needed?•What data to collect?
▫Are we doing the plan?▫Is the plan working?
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Selecting an “alternative behavior”•Alternative behaviors:
▫1. Produce the SAME outcome as problem behaviors
▫2. Are socially appropriate▫3. Are as (or more) efficient than problem
behavior Amount of physical effort Speed of effect Number of times performed to get reward
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Setting Events TriggeringAntecedents
MaintainingConsequences
Desired Behavior TypicalConsequences
Problem Behavior
Replacement Behavior
Tease, Taunt peers
Seat work, Alone
Obtain Attention from peers
Minimal peer contact
Do work Complete work, Get more work
?
Mitch
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Which of the Following are Appropriate Alternative/Replacement Behaviors?
▫Jason is nine and cries when asked to do difficult tasks. The crying is maintained by avoiding or escaping the tasks.
•Possible Replacement Behaviors:▫More token rewards for doing tasks▫Asking for a break from tasks▫Asking to do something other than the
tasks▫Requesting adult attention▫Asking to have soda after tasks are done
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Which of the Following are Appropriate Alternative/Replacement Behaviors?
▫Jason is nine and cries when asked to do difficult tasks. The crying is maintained by avoiding or escaping the tasks.
•Possible Replacement Behaviors:▫More rewards for doing tasks▫Asking for a break from tasks▫Asking to do something other than the
tasks▫Requesting adult attention▫Asking to have soda after tasks are done
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Which of the Following are Appropriate Alternative/Replacement Behaviors?▫Leslie is 12, has severe intellectual
disabilities, does not use words, and hits her head. Head hitting is maintained by adult attention during work periods.
•Which is the best Replacement Behavior▫hide under her desk and be ignored▫sign for “more” to another student▫take completed work up to show the teacher▫move to sit by another student▫engage in stereotypies
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Which of the Following are Appropriate Alternative/Replacement Behaviors?▫Leslie is 12, has severe intellectual
disabilities, does not use words, and hits her head. Head hitting is maintained by adult attention during work periods.
•Which is the best Replacement Behavior▫hide under her desk and be ignored▫sign for “more” to another student▫take completed work up to show the
teacher▫move to sit by another student▫engage in stereotypies
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BEHAVIOR SUPPORTPLANNING
COMPETING PATHWAYS
Make Problem BehaviorIrrelevant
Make Problem Behavior
Inefficient
Make Problem Behavior
Ineffective
And Positive Behavior
More Effective
Antecedent Events Behavior Consequence
Antecedent Strategies Behavior Strategies
Consequence Strategies
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BEHAVIOR SUPPORTPLANNING
COMPETING PATHWAYS
On Mondays when he has had little
sleep
Daily nongraded quiz on previous night’s
homework
Verbal protests, walks out of
room.
Avoids doing quiz &homework discussion.
Do quiz withoutcomplaints.
Discussion about answers & homework.
Turn in with name &sit quietly w/o interrupting.
Make problem behavior irrelevant.
Make problem behavior irrelevant.
Make problem behavior inefficient.
Make problem behavior ineffective.
Make desired behavior effective
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BEHAVIOR SUPPORTPLANNING
COMPETING PATHWAYS
On Mondays and/or when up all of the
night before.
Daily nongraded quiz on previous night’s
homework
Verbal protests, slumpin chair, walks out of
room.
Avoids doing quiz &homework discussion.
Do quiz withoutcomplaints.
Discussion about answers & homework.
Turn in with name &sit quietly w/o interrupting.
Give time to review
homework.
Give quiet time before starting.
Give easy “warm-up” task
before doing quiz.
Precorrect behavior options &
consequences.
Teach options to problem behavior:
1. Turn in blank2. Turn in with
name3. Turn in with
name & first item done.
4. Turn in with name &
50% completed.
With first sign of problem
behaviors, remove task and
request completion of
task next period.
Remove task based on step in
task analysis (STO).
Provide effective verbal praise &
other reinforcers.
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Practice writing BSPs
•Form groups of 2-3 people•Use the sample FBA summary statement
to:▫Select a replacement behavior▫Record desired behavior and consequence▫Brainstorm ideas for antecedent, behavior,
and consequence strategies
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Five steps to helping a team build a better plan of support
•Summarize the FBA Build Agreement
•Clarify core features of BSP Effective environment
•Ask questions to define intervention options
Not just one option•Select options with strong “contextual
fit” Not just “effective” but “doable”
•Define how the BSP will be implemented
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Five Steps in Leading a Team from FBA to a Behavior Support Plan• 1. Summarize FBA
Setting Events-> Antecedents -> Behavior -> Consequence
• 2. Define goals of BSP process: Make problem behavior irrelevant Make problem behavior inefficient Make problem behavior ineffective Do all this in a contextually appropriate manner
• 3. Lead discussion to identify options Ask questions, don’t give solutions Paraphrase, elaborate, integrate Always bring group back to FBA logic Produce multiple ideas (elements)
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Leading a Team from FBA to BSP• 4. Given an array of possible BSP elements, shift
discussion to contextual fit.▫What elements are feasible, acceptable, sustainable?’▫What is the smallest change that will produce the
largest effect?▫ -----------------------------------------------------------
• Contextual Fit Defined:▫The extent to which the people who will implement a
behavior support plan find the elements of the plan Consistent with their personal values Consistent with their professional skills Consistent with the resources available in the setting Consistent with the available administrative support
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Leading a Team from FBA to BSP•5. Transform ideas for BSP elements
into a formal plan for implementation▫Who will do what, when, and how will we
know?
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• Assessment (FBA, Person-Centered Plan, Wraparound) Operational Descriptions, Routines, FA Hypotheses
• Complete the competing behavior pathway flowchart
• Include the following strategies and/or interventions:
• Prevention• Teaching/Education• Rewarding desired behavior• Extinguishing problem behavior• Corrective consequences for problem behavior (if
needed)• Define safety/emergency procedures (if needed)
• Set goals
• Evaluate and Monitor for Improvement on a regular basis
Outline of a Behavior Support Plan
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Summary• Invest in building consensus around FBA summary
statement.
• Recruit strategies that are local, practical, but still consistent with FBA…(Lead don’t tell). Recruit local knowledge
• Using Competing Pathway to build efficient plans (the smallest changes that produce the largest effect)
• Ensure that the plan includes procedures for getting implementation to occur.
• Always include procedures for evaluation▫ Are we doing what we said we would do?▫ Is the process having an effect on the student?