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Bell RingerTake three minutes to write everything you
know or have heard about the Middle East
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Intro to the Middle East
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What is the Middle East?Complex definition
Why?o It is not a specific continent, like Africa, North
America, or Europeo The label of “Middle Eastern” is too broad to be
used as a generalization for what type of person someone is
Composed of four distinct culture areasArabTurkishIranianIsrael
These are more accurate representations for who these people are.
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Arab World
Speak ArabicTraditionally Islamic
(Muslim)We will focus more on
Islam in the coming days
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TurkeyMost people identify
themselves as TurkishMost are MuslimEuropean or Middle
Eastern?
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IranMost people
consider themselves to be Iranian or Persian
Persian is the most widely spoken language
Most are Muslim
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Israel Even more complex
Most are JewishMany are Muslim
Hebrew and Arabic are official languages
Issue of Palestine
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What are some issues found within the Middle East?Religious tensionPolitical instability Competition for
natural resources
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Religion in the Middle East
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Monotheistic Religions
Monotheistic religions preached in the existence of a single god, unlike polytheistic religions, which believed in many gods. Judaism (~1300 B.C.)Christianity (34 AD)Islam (622 AD)
Zoroastrianism? (~600 B.C.)
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JudaismTenets
Obedience to GodObey the law and atone for
sin
Holy book-Bible (Old Testament)
God- Yahweh
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ChristianityGod= Jesus Christ
Holy book- Bible and New Testament
Largest religion in the world
Major tenet:“know, love, and serve
God”
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IslamFounder- MuhammadMuhammad= the last
prophet according to Muslims
God= Allah (god in Arabic)
Qur’an (Koran)- holy book
Five pillars of IslamBeliefWorshipCharitable givingFasting during RamadanPilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) to
visit the Ka-bah
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Commonalities between Religions
Abrahamic ReligionsAll follow reference to
Abraham and God made in Hebrew bible
JerusalemHoly city for all three
religions
Idea of heaven
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Rise of Islam in the Middle East
In your notebooks, write four sentences explaining what is required for a religion to grow and spread.
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Main IdeasIslam arose in the Arabian Peninsula and
became one of the world’s major religionsArab armies were inspired by Muhammad’s
teachings and spread through parts of three continents
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Key TermsHijraJihadCaliphSunniShiitesAbbassid golden age
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Life after MuhammadSplit within Islam
Why?Questions of his successor
SunniAbu-Bakr (father in law) is successorSuccessors follow the example of Muhammad
ShiiteAli (son in law) is true successorSuccessors are divinely inspired because they are
descendents of Muhammad