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Bell Work
Do Now: Define the term fad, then make a list of fads from your generation.
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The Roaring 20’s: Chp. 20 (659-687)
• In a teams of 4 identify and list themes/events in the 1920’s that attach to each of the listed topics
• Out of the 5 topics, what do you think is the crucial topic of the roaring 20’s?
Topics:
1. Politics
2. Economics
3. Values
4. Cultural innovations
5. African American Culture
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On your poster
Politics Economics Values Cultural Innovations
African American Culture
•Jazz
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• Post War America• Recession 1919
• 15% Inflation
• Labor Strife• Boston Police Strike 1919
• Racial Strife• Chicago 1919• Tulsa 1921
• Failure of the Treaty of Versailles• Isolationism
The Twenties and the New Era
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• 1918 Influenza Pandemic (Spanish Flu)– First Reported in
Spain– 675,000 Americans
Die– Over 50 Million World
Wide
I had a little bird, Its name was Enza. I opened the window, And in-flew-enza. —Children's Rhyme, 1918
The Twenties and the New Era
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• Red Scare and the Palmer Raids• Bolshevik Revolution 1917
• 1919• Communist International • Strike!
• 4 million worker (1in 5)
• Bomb Threats
• Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer• Palmer Raids• “Soviet Ark” 1920
• 249 Citizens Deported
Conflict of Cultures
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• Sacco and Vanzetti•Italian Immigrants•Anarchists•Guilty 1920•Executed 1927
• Significant questions about the evidence and fairness of the trial
Conflict of Cultures
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Conflict of Cultures
• Nativism- Again•Emergency Quota
Act 1921•Quotas set on 1910
Census (3%)
•National Origins Act of 1924•Quotas set on 1890
Census (2%)
Targets Southeastern
Europeans
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Images of Nativism
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Were the Immigration Quotas Effective?
Total Immigration, 1920-1960
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• The New Klan 1915•Defending “Traditional
Values”•Rural/Urban Divide•Against “Moral Corruption”
of Cities•Fought “Un-American”
Values•Target Blacks, Jews,
Catholics, and immigrants
•Membership peaked at 4 Million in 1924
Conflict of Cultures
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• Failure of Prohibition•18th Amendment-
Volstead Act 1919•Alcohol and
Organized Crime•Bootlegging•Speakeasies
•21st Amendment 1933•Repeals prohibition
Conflict of Cultures
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• Modernists vs. Traditionalist
• Scopes Monkey Trial 1925•Evolution vs.
Creationism•Clarence Darrow vs.
William Jennings Bryan•Scopes found guilty•Influence of Radio
The Twenties and the New Era
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• Mass Entertainment•The Movies
•Hollywood•1929 – 100 Million
•Radio and “Broadcasting”•1929- 10 million
• Mass Marketing
The Twenties and the New Era
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• 19TH AmendmentWomen’s right to vote
• Professional Women• Limited
opportunities• 10 Million Workers
by 1930• Few Managers
• The “Flapper”• Automobiles• Mobility
“Our Dancing Daughters”By Dorothy ParkerThe Playful flapper here we see, The fairest of the fair. She's not what Grandma used to be, -- You might say, au contraire.Her girlish ways may make a stir, Her manners cause a scene, But there is no more harm in her Than in a submarine.
She nightly knocks for many a goal The usual dancing men. Her speed is great, but her control Is something else again.All spotlights focus on her pranks. All tongues her prowess herald. For which she well may render thanks To God and Scott Fitzgerald.
Her golden rule is plain enough - Just get them young and treat them rough.
The Twenties and the New Era
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The Twenties and the New Era
• Education and Youth•Increased
Attendance•Truancy Laws•Americanization
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• Lost Generation’s Critique•Rejected Success•Rejected
Consumerism/ Materialism
•Rejected Idealism•F. Scott Fitzgerald•Ernest Hemingway•T.S. Eliot
The Twenties and the New Era
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• The Harlem Renaissance• Great Migration• African-American Pride
• “New Negro”
• NAACP• Anti-Lynching Crusade• Integration
• Marcus Garvey• Self Reliance• “Back to Africa”
The Twenties and the New Era
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Harlem Renaissance
• Common Themes:– Alienation
– Marginality
– The use of folk material
– The use of the blues tradition
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Harlem Renaissance• More than just a literary
movement:– Included racial consciousness– Celebration of African
traditions– “Folk” Culture
• Explosion of music particularly jazz, spirituals and blues
• Painting, dramatic revues, etc.
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• Jazz!•Roots in Dixieland
and Ragtime•New Orleans – Up
River•Kansas City•Chicago
•New York- Harlem
• Louis Armstrong• Duke Ellington
Conflict of Cultures
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Technology and Economic Growth• Automobiles
• Where people live and work
• Aviation and Trains• Travel and
interdependence
• Radio• What people hear and know
• Consumer Goods• What people want and need
The Twenties and the New Era
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• Impact of the Automobile•Social•Family Structure
•Challenges Stability
•Work•Commuters
The Twenties and the New Era
Breaking Down Rural Isolation:
The Expansion of Travel Horizons
in Oregon, Illinois
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• Consumerism•Growing Mass
Consumption•Mass Marketing/
Advertising
• Easy Credit•Installment Plan•Buying on Margin
The Twenties and the New Era
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• A New Economy• Economies of
Scale/Mass Production
• Assembly Line• Henry Ford
•$5.00 a day
The Twenties and the New Era
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• The New Economy•Improved Conditions for
Workers- “Welfare Capitalism”•Increased Productivity•Increased Standard of living•Decline in Working Hours
•1929- $1,500 vs. $1,800??•Hard Times for Organized
Labor•Open Shops- “American
Plan”
The Twenties and the New Era
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• Hard Times on the Farm•New Agricultural
Technology•Mechanized Farming•Overproduction
•Tariffs•Increasing Debt
•Farm Tenancy
•Nature•Drought
The Twenties and the New Era
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Farm Tenancy
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• Republican Government• Warren G. Harding
• “Return to Normalcy”• Isolationism/Neutrality• Washington Naval
Conference 1922• Raised Tariffs (Ford-
McCumber Act) • Smaller Government
• Cut Regulation (FTC)
• Cut Taxes• Top tax rate reduced from
50% to 25%
The Twenties and the New Era
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• Republican Government
• Warren G. Harding•Scandals
•“Ohio Gang”•Veteran’s Bureau Scandal
•Charles Forbes
•Tea Pot Dome•Albert Fall
The Twenties and the New Era
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• Republican Government
• Calvin Coolidge•Silent Cal•Traditional
Conservative•“The business of
America is business.”
•1924- Easily Wins Reelection
“The man who builds a factory, builds a temple. The man who works there, worships there.”
The Twenties and the New Era
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The Twenties and the New Era
•Calvin Coolidge• “The expenses of the
government reach everybody. Taxes take from everyone a part of his earning and force everyone to work for a certain part of his time for the government.”
• “. . . I want the people of America to be able to work less for the government and more for themselves.”
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• Divided Democrats • Regional Splits- Rural/
Urban• Ethnic/Religious Divisions• Alcohol- Wets vs. Dries
• Failed Elections• 1920- James Cox and
Roosevelt• 1924- John M. Davis and
Lafollette• 1928- Al Smith and
Robinson
The Twenties and the New Era
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Isolationism/Neutrality in the 1920’s
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• World Affairs- Harding and Coolidge•Return to Isolationism
•Reject Treaty of Versailles•Reject League of Nations
•Arms Control•Washington Conference
1922• 4-5-9 Power Treaties• Open Door in China
•Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
The Twenties and the New Era
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The Twenties and the New Era
• World Affairs- Finance• Post War Economic Crisis
• German Reparations• French and British War
Debts- 10 Billion• High U.S. Tariffs
• Dawes Plan 1926
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“We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land.” Herbert Hoover
“. . . The average man won’t really do a day’s work unless he is caught and cannot get out of it.” Henry Ford
Herbert Hoover 1928 “The Engineer”
•Rugged Individualism
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Sources of Immigration, 1920-1960Total Immigration, 1920-1960