Download - Bellringer January 30, 2014
BellringerJanuary 30, 2014
Why do you think living along a river would be
vital in an ancient civilization?
Grab a book.
Missing Syllabus!BlandinoBrancatiCollinsConnorFerranteKokoszka
StoutVernacchio
Student Learning
Map
Essential Question
What were the major river
valley civilizations and
how did their societal,
economic, religious, and
political characteristics
help shape world history?
Vocabulary• City-State• Cultural Diffusion• Dynasty• Empire• Fertile Crescent• Irrigation• Polytheism
Crash Course!
writing taxes
between
rivers
ziggurats
flood droughtwriting
Babylon
taxeslabor army
Assyrians
propaganda
Notes (pgs. 22-23)
Four Early River Valley Civilizations
Mesopotamia (Sumerians)Egypt
Indus (India’s subcontinent)China
Civilization #1: MesopotamiaThe Birth of Civilization
Mesopotamia’s Geography• Located in Fertile Crescent
• Between Tigris and Euphrates rivers• Rest of this area (Southwest Asia) - desert
climate• Mesopotamia (a fertile plain) - Greek for
“land between the rivers”• The rivers flooded Mesopotamia at least
once a year leaving silt behind so farmers could plant wheat and barley• This allowed villages to grow by the
rivers
• Geographical disadvantages and Mesopotamia’s solutions:• Flooding was unpredictable Solution: irrigation• No natural barriers for protection Solution: city
walls• Not many natural resources Solution: trade• It takes lots of organization to complete the above
solutions• Led to organized government
• Used to settle disputes over resources (water, land, etc.)
People and Organization• Settlement and farming - 4500 BC to 3500 BC • City-State: a city and its surrounding lands
(farming) functioning as an independent political unit
• The Mesopotamian city-states shared the same culture but developed their own governments, each with its own rulers
City-States Organization• Priests had power and controlled the government;
they were the ‘go-between’ with the gods• Farmers’ beliefs good crops=favor of the gods• Ziggurat was city hall• Priests managed the irrigation system and
demanded a portion of every farmer’s crop as taxes• Commanders/Monarchs During wars, the best
man was chosen to command the army• Since wars were constant between city-states, the
person stayed in charge and power passed to sons
Sumerian Culture• City-states had surpluses of crops so long distance trade
was expanded• Led to cultural diffusion about technology, art, religion,
etc.• Polytheism- worship of many gods (roughly 3,000 gods)• Social Classes (Hierarchy)
KingPriests
Rich People (nobles)MerchantsGenerals
ArmyCitizensSlaves
Sumerian Empires• Sumerian city-states fought each
other; this weakens them so they could not fight off attacks from other groups = beginning of empires
• Sargon of Akkad (2350 BC): from a city-state north of Sumer - controls Sumerian city-states and spreads Sumerian culture• Sargon had the first empire –
bringing together several peoples, nations, or states under the control of one ruler (imperialism)
Sumerian Empires• Babylonian Empire
(1792 BC)- the leader was Hammurabi who created a code of laws to unify the populations he controlled• Code of Hammurabi
Code of Hammurabi Activity
Reading Notes
Discussion Questions
1. What elements do you think factored in to citywide gridlock in Atlanta after the snowstorm?
2. What do you know about driving in adverse weather?
3. In the video, we hear President Obama say that Sgt. Remsburg "never quits." How might young people be inspired by Sgt. Remsburg's story?
BellringerJanuary 31, 2014
What do you know about
Ancient Egypt?
Grab a book.
Missing Syllabus!BrancatiCollins
FerranteStout
Vernacchio
Discussion Questions
If you were reporting on a cultural tradition, what elements and
perspectives would you include, and why?
Student Learning
Map
Essential Question
What were the major river
valley civilizations and
how did their societal,
economic, religious, and
political characteristics
help shape world history?
Vocabulary• Cataract• Delta• Hieroglyphics• Mummification• Papyrus• Pharaoh• Pyramid• Theocracy
Crash Course!
3000 332Nile
only
surpluseswork
Saw the afterlife as a continuation of this life
Old KingdomMiddle KingdomNew Kingdompeasants
cats
Married his sister, died young (17)
Many people think that the pyramids were built when King Tut was alive, but they were built 1000’s years prior
Notes (pgs. 23-25)
Civilization #2: Ancient Egypt
Pyramids on the Nile
Ancient Egypt’s Geography
• Nile River- longest in world (4,100 miles) with fertile soil surrounding it
• Flows South to North• Predictable Flooding
(helps flood, plant, harvest cycle)
• Good resources• Egyptians worshipped the
Nile as a god
Ancient Egypt’s Geography• Desert on both sides of Nile=natural barriers• Reduced interaction with people• Spared constant warfare that was happening
in Mesopotamia• In 3200 BC - Egyptians coming into contact
with Mesopotamia cultures and Nubia in Africa
Ancient Egyptian Kingdoms• 3100 BC: King Menes of Upper Egypt establishes a
capital at Memphis and unites Lower and Upper Egypt= First Egyptian Dynasty• 31 Dynasties over 2,800 years• Power is passed through heredity
Egyptian Kingdoms • Old Kingdom
• Power of the Pharaohs begin to decline and turmoil and weakness begin
• Middle Kingdom • A series of strong pharaohs restore law and order• Built canal from Nile to Red Sea- improves trade
• 1640 BC – Asian Nomads, the Hyksos, who were chariot riders, invaded and ruled Egypt (1640-1570 BC)
Egyptian Government• Egyptians thought the kings were not
just representatives of the gods but they were Gods• Egyptian kings were called
pharaohs• Government is a theocracy, ruler is
also considered a divine figure• Believed the pharaohs ruled after
death and had a part in continuing to govern Egypt
• The Egyptian people built pyramids, tombs for their dead pharaohs
Egyptian Social Classes• Top class - king, queen, royal family• Upper class – wealthy landowners, gov’t officials, priests, army
commanders• Middle class- merchants and artisans• Lower class (largest) – peasant farmers and unskilled laborers• People were not locked in to one class for life – education was
the key• Women had many same rights as men (own and trade property,
propose marriage)
Egyptian Religion• Polytheistic - a belief in many gods
• Isis – ideal mother and wife• Ra – the sun god• Horus – god of light• Osiris – god of the dead
• They believed in over 2000 gods/goddesses and built temples for them
• Egyptians believed in the afterlife
Egyptian Religion• To help people safely reach the other world,
Egyptians preserved dead bodies by mummification (embalming the corpse to prevent it from decaying)• Placed the organs in canopic jars so they could
use them in the afterlife
Egyptian Religion
• The Book of the Dead (buried with the body) contained scrolls with hymns, prayers, and magic spells on them to guide the soul in the afterlife• Prayers are based on the myth of the god Osiris• Believed that anyone could "become" Osiris in the afterlife,
provided that the person had lived a good life and had the proper prayers recited for him or her
• Estimate 70 million human mummies were made in ancient Egypt • Mummification was carried out in Egypt for over 3,000
years
Do you know what these mean?
• HRU • WRUD 2DAY • B HOME L8ER • G2G • CALL ME 2NITE
• Answers: • How are you?• What are you doing today?• Be home later.• Got to go.• Call me tonight.
What makes this type of communication different from the normal written
word?
What are the advantages of using this type of
communication rather than writing complete words and
sentences?
Egyptian Hieroglyphics• Before there was a written
language, people used pictures to communicate. • Ancient Egyptians used
hieroglyphics to record ideas, history and how pharaohs (that could read and write) sent messages from place to place• Written from right to left
Egyptian Inventions• Numbers for counting, adding, subtracting (mainly
for tax collection purposes)• Engineering – pyramid building• Calendar – for planting purposes – 12 months, 30
days each, five days for holidays/feasting – accurate – only 6 hours short of solar calendar (365 days)
• Medicine (splinting bones, checking pulse)
Egypt Project
DUE DATE:
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY
7TH
Reading
NotesChapte
r 2, Sectio
n 2
BellringerFebruary 4, 2014
Why do you think the Great Wall of China was built?
Grab a book.
Missing Syllabus!BrancatiCollinsStout
Vernacchio
Student Learning
Map
Essential Question
What were the major river
valley civilizations and
how did their societal,
economic, religious, and
political characteristics
help shape world history?
Vocabulary• Dynastic Cycle• Loess• Mandate of Heaven• Oracle Bone
Crash Course!
civilizations
Nomadic
Surplus
Labor
Government
Writing
5,000
largest1750
Conquest
Environmental DisasterEarthquake
Notes (pgs. 26-27)
Civilization #3: IndusPlanned Cities on the Indus
(2500 B.C.- 1500 B.C.)
Geography• A wall of mountains separates South Asia from the
rest of the continent• Mountains guard a fertile plain formed by two
rivers (Indus and Ganges)• Seasonal winds (monsoons) dominate the climate
– made wet and dry seasons• Natural boundaries (mountain and desert)
protects from invaders.• Floods were unpredictable
Indus Achievements
• Planned cities on a grid system• Cities had a citadel, a fortified area
which had the major buildings of the city
• Plumbing and sewage systems
The End of the Indus Civilization• There is no definite idea about why the
Indus Civilization ended, theories include:The Indus River changed course and,
without flooding, they could not surviveThe people overgrazed, over farmed, and
overcut trees, brush, and grassNatural disasterAttack by enemies
Civilization #4: ChinaRiver Dynasties in China
Geography• Natural barriers• Deserts (west and north)• Mountains (west) • Ocean (east)
• North is susceptible to invasion (Great Wall of China)
• Two great rivers, good for agriculture- Yangtze River and the Huang He (Yellow) River- unpredictable flooding
“The Middle Kingdom”• China saw itself as center of civilized
world• Felt there was no need for exploration
or trade with other groups• Everyone else= Barbarians
First Chinese Civilizations
• Civilization emerges by the rivers in approximately 2000 BCE
• Shang Dynasty (1532-1027 BC)- the first dynasty to leave written records, elaborate palaces and tombs and city walls but they had constant warfare
Early Chinese Society• Built walled cities because of constant war – trained
chariot riders• Social Classes- hierarchy
• King• Warrior-nobles who owned land• Peasants
• Family Relationships important• Group more important than individual – honored the
emperor and their family• Respect for Elders• Women inferior• Spirits of family ancestors – could bring good fortune or
disaster to living family members
China’s Dynastic Cycle
• Zhou Dynasty(1027-256 BC) overthrows Shang Dynasty
• “Mandate of Heaven”- The idea that the dynasty rules because of divine approval
• Zhou uses this to justify their conquest• Said God took away the Shang Dynasty’s right to
rule and gave it to Zhou• Floods, wars, and disease- were signs that god was
displeased with a dynasty and gives the mandate of Heaven to another dynasty
• Dynastic Rule until the 20th century
Chinese Zhou’s Achievements• Coined Money for Trade• Working with Iron – helped farming be more
productive• Cross-bows for warfare• New type of worker – the government/city worker
Reading
Notes
Review Sheet
Must be completed
the day BEFORE the
test!
Essential Questions
What are some key contributions of archeologists, anthropologists,
& paleontologist in regards to discoveries of early man?
What impact did the development of agriculture & domestication of
animals have upon human society?
What were the major river valley civilizations & how did their societal,
economic, religious, & political characteristics help shape world history?
Discussion Questions
1. What is meant by the term "emerging markets"?
2. What do you know about the Federal Reserve and its role in the U.S. economy?
3. What is meant by the term "undocumented immigrant"?
4. Are there any sports you'd like to see in the Winter Olympics that aren't currently part of the Games? Explain.
BellringerFebruary 6, 2014
What do you think were the accepted roles for men and women in Ancient
China?
NO CNN TODAY
Film
HomeworkThe Ballad of Mulan
REMINDERS!
• DUE TOMORROW• Unit I Packet• Unit I Review Sheet• Egypt Project
UNIT I TEST TOMORROW!
February 7, 2014 No Bellringer(write this on your sheet)
We will do CNN after the test
Take 10 minutes to STUDY
Missing Syllabus!BrancatiCollinsStout
Vernacchio
Discussion Question
How might media coverage of the Olympics
vary from country to country?
BellringerSeptember 18, 2013
How do you study for a test? Did you feel
prepared for last week’s test? Why or why not?
Test Corrections
AB