Bellwork• Open your notebook to the bellwork
section,• What is the first thing that comes to mind
when you think of the following terms:– Astronomy– Chemistry– Physics– Biology
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CHAMPS• C-Conversation- NO
• H-Help- Raise your hand
• A- Activity- We are taking notes
• M- No movement
• P- sit quietly, eyes on paper, teacher or board. Writing
• S- signal
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Study of Biology
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What is Biology?•Biology is the study of all living things.
•Bio-life•Logy-study of• Living things are called organisms
• Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals
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All Organisms are made of Cells
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Basic Structure of a Cell
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Cell Size and TypesCell Size and Types• Cells, the basic units of organisms,
can only be observed under microscope
• Three Basic types of cells include:
Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial
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Prokaryote Vs. EukaryoteProkaryote Vs. Eukaryote• Prokaryote (Unicellular) –
composed of one cell ex. bacteria
• Eukaryote (Multi cellular)- composed of many cells ex. Animal cell and plant cell
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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
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OrganellesOrganelles
•Very small (Microscopic)•Perform various functions for
a cell•Found in the cytoplasm•May or may not be
membrane-bound
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Animal Cell OrganellesAnimal Cell Organelles
NucleolusNucleus
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (attached)Ribosome (free)
Cell Membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Centrioles
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Cell or Plasma Membrane Cell or Plasma Membrane (Honors)(Honors)
Outsideof cell
Insideof cell(cytoplasm)
Cellmembrane
Proteins
Proteinchannel Lipid bilayer
Carbohydratechains
• Surrounds outside of ALL cells
• Controls what enters or leaves the cell
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•Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
Cytoplasm of a Cytoplasm of a Cell Cell
cytoplasm
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•Controls the normal activities of the cell
•Contains the DNA in chromosomes
•Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores
•Usually the largest organelle
The Control Organelle - The Control Organelle - NucleusNucleus
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Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear Envelope
• Double membrane surrounding nucleus
• Also called nuclear membrane
Nuclear pores
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Inside the Nucleus -The genetic material (DNA) is
found
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What Does DNA do?What Does DNA do?DNA is the hereditary
material of the cell
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Nucleolus
• Inside nucleusInside nucleus• Directs the Directs the
nucleus. nucleus.
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MitochondrionMitochondrion(plural = mitochondria)(plural = mitochondria)
• “Powerhouse” of the cell
• Generate cellular energy (ATP)
• More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria
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Interesting Fact ---Interesting Fact ---
• Mitochondria Come from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization
Therefore …• You inherit your
mitochondria from your mother!copyright cmassengale
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)(Rough ER)
• Has ribosomes on its surface
• Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell
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Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum
• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface
• Is attached to the ends of rough ER
• Makes cell products that are USED INSIDE the cell
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Ribosomes are made of Ribosomes are made of proteinsproteins
Can be attached to Rough ER
OR
Be free (unattached
) in the cytoplasm
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Golgi BodiesGolgi BodiesLook like a stack of pancakes
Modify, sort, & packagemolecules from ERfor storage OR transport out of cell
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Golgi AnimationGolgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by
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LysosomesLysosomes• Contain Contain digestive digestive
enzymesenzymes
• digestdigest the food & get ridrid of wastesof wastes
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Lysosome DigestionLysosome Digestion
• Cells take in food by phagocytosis
•
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Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion (movement)(movement)
• Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells
• Flagella are longer and fewer
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VacuolesVacuoles• Fluid filled sacks for
storage
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Cell SizeQuestion:
Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?
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Cell SizeQuestion:
Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?
About the same size, but …
The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!
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