BENEFITS AND VALUE OFSPENT LIME
BENEFITS AND VALUE OFSPENT LIME
YWTG MEETINGSPRING 2009
OutlineOutline• Review Previous Research
• Value Of Nutrients In Spent Lime
• Application Methods
• MPCA Policy’s & Procedures
• American Crystal Sugar’s Recommendation
What Is Spent LimeWhat Is Spent Lime
• Calcium Carbonate Limestone Is Heated And Injected Into The Sugar Purification Process
• Captures and Absorbs The Impurities In The Juice
• By-Product Left Behind Is Spent Lime
• American Crystal Sugar Produces 350,000 Dry Tons Of Spent Lime Annually
Previous ResearchPrevious Research
• Dr. Carol Windels, U Of MN, Dr. Alan Dexter, NDSU/U Of MN, And Dr. Joe Giles, NDSU, Dr. Albert Sims And Dr. Larry Smith, U Of MN And Norman Cattanach, NDSU Have Studied Effects Of Lime On Sugarbeet Production Since The Early 1980’s
• I Would Like To Thank These Individuals In Advance, Most Of The Data I’ll Be Sharing Is Their Research
Dr. Carol WindelsLong-Term Field Trials 2005 -2008
Dr. Carol WindelsLong-Term Field Trials 2005 -2008
• Hillsboro, ND (Aph SIV = 48)• Lime Applied In October, 2003
• 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 T Wet Weight/A • (= 0, 3.3, 6.5, 13, 19.5 T Dry Weight/A)
• Breckenridge, MN (Aph SIV = 98)• Lime Applied In April, 2004
• 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 T Wet Weight/A • (=0, 2.7, 5.3, 8, 10.6 T Dry Weight/A)
No Lime
Resistant Variety45 g Tachigaren
Susceptible VarietyNo Tachigaren
5 Ton Lime
Resistant Variety45 g Tachigaren
Susceptible VarietyNo Tachigaren
10 Ton Lime
Resistant Variety45 g Tachigaren
Susceptible VarietyNo Tachigaren
15 Ton Lime
Resistant Variety45 g Tachigaren
Susceptible VarietyNo Tachigaren
20 Ton Lime
Resistant Variety45 g Tachigaren
Susceptible VarietyNo Tachigaren
2.73.020
2.93.315
3.03.310
3.24.05
3.86.10
PRS
Aph RRRbLime
(Tons/A)
a Sown May 16 and harvested September 25, 2007b Aph RRR on 0-7 scale (0=healthy, 7=root completely rotted)
Comparison Of A Susceptible (S) And A Partially Resistant (PR) Varietya
0 3 6
10 Ton LimeNo Lime
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
• P2O5 Was Spring Applied At A Rate Of 40 Pounds And 80 Pounds Per Acre
• Spent Lime (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate) From The ACSC Moorhead Factory Was Spring Applied At 5 Ton And 10 Ton Per Acre
• Starter Fertilizer (10-34-0) Was Applied As A Stand Alone Treatment
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
• Soil Test Nitrogen Plus Applied Nitrogen Totaled 130 Pounds/Acre
• Beets Were Planted On May 1, 2008
• The Soil Type In This Field Is A Perella Silty Clay Loam
• This Field Has A History Of Root Disease.
$1,064144277ab9,34010 T/A Lime
$1,137136285b9,6745 T/A Lime
$888128269ab7,9903 gal 10-34-0
$878135261a8,28480 lbs P205
$927142269ab8,50240 lbs P205
$879140273ab7,8100
GrossRev / Acre
BeetsPer 100 ftRSTRSATreatment
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
Effect of P205, starter fertilizer and precipitated calcium carbonate on sugarbeet stand, yield and quality
N. Cattanach - 2008
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
Lime Research TrialAmenia, ND
11.08.33.910 T/A Lime
10.08.23.55 T/A Lime
6.57.53.33 gal 10-34-0
12.07.03.580 lb P205
9.07.12.540 lb P205
5.57.32.30
P ppm 0-6”pH
June 25 Vigor RatingTreatment
Effect of P205, starter fertilizer (10-34-0) and precipitated calcium carbonate on sugarbeet stand, yield and quality
N. Cattanach - 2008
Dr. Carol Windels ResultsEffects Of Lime On Sugarbeets
Dr. Carol Windels ResultsEffects Of Lime On Sugarbeets
$57660832712.7160557.610.620
$48653612632.9149577.78.015
$54257932703.0145547.55.310
$44750212613.2139617.32.75
$35340212553.8140696.400
$LbLb(0-7)
StandPlants /
100’ Post Thinning
% Stand
Loss 35 DAP
pHDryT/A
WetT/A
REV/ARSARSTRRRLime Rate
Soil pH, stands, root rot ratings and harvest data for a tolerant variety planted May 17, 2007 (37 months after liming) in a field with severe Aphanomyces.
Dr. Joe Giles – Fargo, 2003Effects Of Spent Lime On Sugarbeets
Dr. Joe Giles – Fargo, 2003Effects Of Spent Lime On Sugarbeets
$929
$914
$840
$752
$906
$856 $9
63
$962
$946
$938
$873
$804
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
0 3 6 9
Tons of Lime Applied per Acre
Rev
enue
per
Acr
e
Beta 6447 Crystal 999 Mean
Dr. Larry Smith ResultsEffects Of Lime On Wheat
Dr. Larry Smith ResultsEffects Of Lime On Wheat
NSNSNSStat Sign
13.058.473.015.0
13.158.371.310.0
13.358.273.05.0
13.058.671.50
Protein(%)
Test Wt.(lbs)
Yield(bu)
Lime RateDry Tons
Effect of Lime Application on Wheat Following Sugarbeet in 2004 and Following Soybean in 2005, two year average.
32.219.247.32.5
1.5.63.3LSD05
30.020.043.010.0
31.819.345.65.0
30.019.942.20
Protein(%)
Oil(%)
Yield(bu/A)
LimeTreatment(TDM/A)
2005 Soybean yield, oil and protein following sugarbeet at different spent lime rates applied in 2004.
Dr. Larry Smith ResultsEffects Of Lime On Soybeans
Dr. Larry Smith ResultsEffects Of Lime On Soybeans
What’s In Factory LimeWhat’s In Factory Lime• Perhaps Some Impurities In The Juice Will Be
Determined By Where The Sugarbeet Was Grown?• Maybe Variability Among Processing Plants
• Test This Hypothesis:
• Collected Factory Lime From All 7 Processing Plants• Collected 3 Times During The Processing Season
• Nov 18, 2004; Jan 19, 2005; And Mar 17, 2005• Collected 3 Subsamples• Dried Factory Lime • Analyzed For Ca, Mg, K, Na, N, And P
A. Sims – 2009
Potassium In Spent LimePotassium In Spent Lime
• Spent lime K varies among factories and time of sampling.• Moorhead: 698 ppm K = 1.4 lb K (1.7 lbs K2O) ton-1 dry spent lime.• Minn-Dak: 2488 ppm K = 5 lbs K (6 lbs K2O) ton-1 dry spent lime
Factory Nov Jan Mar Average---------- ppm K ----------
Crookston 1943 1407 2252 1867Drayton 1866 1665 1369 1633EGF 1467 1152 1515 1378Hillsboro 1957 1163 1650 1590Moorhead 960 528 607 698
Minn-Dak 2097 1059 4307 2488
Southern Minn 1503 883 576 987
A. Sims - 2009
Nitrogen In Spent LimeNitrogen In Spent Lime
• Spent lime N varies somewhat among factories and time of sampling• 3000 ppm N = 6 lbs N ton-1 dry spent lime
Factory Nov Jan Mar Average---------- ppm N ----------
Crookston 3537 2870 3590 3332Drayton 3253 2583 2760 2865EGF 3177 3057 3257 3164Hillsboro 3600 3473 3117 3397Moorhead 3777 3647 3397 3607
Minn-Dak 5097 3020 3310 3809
Southern Minn 4360 3093 2937 3463
A. Sims - 2009
Phosphorus In Spent LimePhosphorus In Spent Lime
• Spent lime P varies among factories and time of sampling.• Drayton: 3827 ppm P = 7.7 lb P (17.8 lbs P2O5) ton-1 dry spent lime.• Moorhead: 5626 ppm P = 11.3 lbs P (26 lbs P2O5) ton-1 dry spent lime
Factory Nov Jan Mar Average---------- ppm P ----------
Crookston 4470 4070 4237 4259Drayton 4483 3527 3470 3827EGF 5577 4457 5370 5135Hillsboro 5997 6193 4023 5404Moorhead 6893 5553 4433 5626
Minn-Dak 5727 4453 4677 4952
Southern Minn 7043 5023 4673 5580
A. Sims - 2009
Nutrient AvailabilityNutrient Availability• Exact Nutrient Value Will Vary
• Lime Should Have Analysis Done
• How Much Is Available• May Depend On Lime Interaction With Soil• Acidic –vs- Alkaline
• New Experiment Initiated Near Clara City, Minnesota Looking At Lime Reaction On Soils With pH >8.0
• Initiated October 2008
• Greenhouse Experiments In Progress At NWROC
Soil Test OnLimed SoilsSoil Test OnLimed Soils
0-3 Inch Soil Depth
35.4768140253327.7856.630
35.4768128052107.7541.720
35.4768118546437.7431.510
35.4768109741187.6624.15
35.4768103833577.4219.50
Napmm
Kpmm
MgPpm
CappmpHOlsen P
ppmLime Wet Tons A-1
2005 Hillsboro Spent Lime Trials, Soil Collected and Analyzed in May of 2005. Dr. Sims, Dr. Windels and Dr. Bradley
Nutrient ValueNutrient Value
$15.00Total
$1.503.5K20 equiv.
$13.5020.0P205 equiv.
$ ValueLbs/Dry TonNutrient
Average Nutrient Content of Spent Lime,A. Sims, U of MN NWROC, 2005
11-52-0 @ $700 (P2O5) 0-0-60 @ $850 (K2O)
$150.00Total
$15.0035K20 equiv.
$135.00200P205 equiv.
$ ValueTotal LbsNutrient
Total Nutrient Value at Recommended Application Rate of 10 Tons/Acre
Additional BenefitsAdditional Benefits
• Windels/Brantner Noted Limed Soil Screened Better Than Non-Limed
• Better Downward Percolation And Drainage
• Raise pH Of Acidic Soils
• May Increase Beneficial Soil Microorganisms
Factory Handling & ReloadingFactory Handling & Reloading
• Policy Implemented On Hauling And Staging• Trucks Hauling Lime To Staging Area Must Be Cleaned
Prior To Loading To Prevent Any Foreign Material From Being Mixed In With Lime
• Segregation Of Lime• Juice Campaign• MDS Plants
• Designated Area For Fresh Lime• Leave Tons Un-capped
Policy’s & ProceduresPolicy’s & Procedures
• Soil Test Prior To Application
• Maintain Setbacks From Streams & Open Water
• No More Than Once Every 3 Years
• Stockpile For < 45 Days Prior To Application
Lime Application RecommendationsLime Application
Recommendations
• Apply 10 Wet Tons/Acre
• Apply 1 Year Prior To Sugarbeets For Best Results
• Spread As Evenly As Possible
• Incorporate Thoroughly With Tillage
• Contact Ag Staff For Any Assistance With Procedure
Lime CalculatorLime Calculator
• www.crystalsugar.com
• Ag Tools
• Ag Calculators
• Lime Value Calculator
Take Home MessageTake Home Message
• Increase Soil pH Of Acidic Soils
• Addition Of Numerous Micro-Nutrients To Soil
• Benefits Of Lime Could Last 6 To 8 Years, Or More
Take Home MessageTake Home Message
• No Detrimental Effects On Rotational Crops
• Increase Yields Of Sugarbeet Crops With Severe Aph
• Every Ton Of Lime Applied Will Increase Soil Test P By 1 ppm
THANK YOU FORYOUR TIME
THANK YOU FORYOUR TIME
Any Questions