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Best Practices for Managing Processed Ortho Imagery
Cody A. Benkelman
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Characteristics of Processed Ortho Imagery
• Typically 8 bit (sometimes 16)• Typically 3 spectral bands (sometimes 4)
- RGB or Color IR
• May/may not have been color corrected• File layout
- Typically delivered as regular edge-joined tiles OR- Multi-image mosaics (e.g. NAIP “compressed county mosaics”, mosaics from UAS flights)
• Sources: - USDA NAIP program- Custom collections for state/local governments
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Typical Uses of Processed Ortho Imagery
• State/county/city government web sites- Background imagery- Change analysis- Growth planning- Pervious/Impervious surface mapping- Public use (Tourism, Real Estate, Hunting, Hiking…)
• Manual feature extraction- Road/Highway infrastructure- Wetlands- Forestry- Boundary mapping
Best Practices for Managing Processed Ortho Imagery
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Usage Modes of Processed Ortho Imagery
• Visual Interpretation - (most common)- May desire access to image metadata- Manual feature extraction- Large numbers of Users
• Technical image analysis- (less common)- Users need data values- 4 band, 16 bit
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Prairie dogs & Black footed ferrets…http://esriurl.com/WWFBelknap
Drone Imagery
Data courtesy of: World Wildlife Fund, Topcon, Behron LLC, Idaho State University, Eagle Digital Imaging, Fort Belknap Fish and Wildlife Department
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Data Management Objectives
• Share imagery with users
• Manage Cost vs. Performance- Implement In-house, DIY Cloud, AGOL?
• Ensure scalability & maintainability- Apply automation
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Image Management Workflow Using Mosaic DatasetsHighly Scalable, From Small to Massive Volumes of Imagery
Create Catalog of Imagery• Reference Sources• Ingest & Define Metadata• Define Processing to be Applied
Apply:• On-the-fly Processing• Dynamic Mosaicking
Access as Image or Catalog
Mosaic DatasetLarge Image Collections
Desktop
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Mosaic Dataset Design
• Key metadata Attribute Table- Dates acquired (start, end)- Date published- Horizontal Accuracy (CE90)
• Handling NoData
• Source / Derived Model with Raster Functions
• Automation!
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File Layout – one of three cases
Edge matched or overlapping ortho tiles Individual orthophotos
Orthorectified mosaic (compressed, *SID or *JP2)
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Handling NoData – Set “NoData Value”
Edge matched or overlapping ortho tiles
Orthorectified mosaic (compressed, *SID or *JP2) Individual orthophotos
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Handling NoData – Build Footprints
Edge matched or overlapping ortho tiles Individual orthophotos
Build footprints Clip to footprints to remove NoData
Orthorectified mosaic (compressed, *SID or *JP2)
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Source Imagery
SourceMosaic
Datasets
Source / Derived Data Model – begin with “Source” Mosaic Datasets
2007
2004
2010
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Source Imagery
SourceMosaic
Datasets
2007
2004
2010
Source Mosaic Datasets – Direct to Raster Tile Cache (optional)
Raster Tile
Cache
Tile CacheService
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GP Tools for generating, attributing, and publishing cache
• http://esriurl.com/CacheTools
• Recorded live training seminar (LTS) for image caching: http://esriurl.com/ImageCacheLTS
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NC OneMap: http://arcg.is/1GpdjLPTime Enabled
Data courtesy of: State of North Carolina
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Source Imagery
SourceMosaic
DatasetsDerived
Mosaic Dataset
Combine into Derived Mosaic Dataset
Use TABLERaster Type
Advantage: All image data available in a single location
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Source Imagery
SourceMosaic
DatasetsDerived
Mosaic Dataset
Full Image Service
f
Single image service with multiple server functions
On-the-fly Products using Server Raster Functions
…many other functions
True Color
NDVI
Color Infrared
Pan Sharpened
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Source Imagery
SourceMosaic
DatasetsDerived
Mosaic Dataset
ff
f
f
ReferencedMosaic Datasets
Alternative design using Referenced Mosaic DatasetsDynamic
Image Services
Available since ArcGIS 10.0Appropriate for serving to WMS clients
True Color
NDVI
Color IR
Pan Sharp
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Source Imagery
SourceMosaic
DatasetsDerived
Mosaic Dataset
ff
f
f
When the Derived parent is updated, all services synchronize automatically
Update with new dataReferenced
Mosaic DatasetsDynamic
Image Services
True Color
NDVI
Color IR
Pan Sharp
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Image Management Workflows
• Resource Center landing page http://esriurl.com/6005
• Guidebook in Help System http://esriurl.com/6007
• ArcGIS Online Group http://esriurl.com/6539
- Downloadable scripts & sample data
• Recorded webinars- Image management http://esriurl.com/LTSImgMgmt
- Image caching http://esriurl.com/ImageCacheLTS
• Source code on GitHub http://esriurl.com/MDCS
Best Practice Workflows for Image Management
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Image Management WorkflowsAutomation Demo
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Summary – Key considerations
• Raster Tile Cache vs. Dynamic Image Services- Cache: fastest performance for large # of users- Dynamic: if > 8 bit, or > 3 bands, or need imagery in overlap
• If cache, is original metadata important?
• Time enabled?
• Data format: Tiles, Ortho Files, or Orthomosaic
• Apply automation!
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