Download - Bio Statistics
![Page 1: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biostatistics
Summarization Of Data
![Page 2: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Summarization of qualitative data
• Proportions• Ratios• Rates
![Page 3: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Absolute numbers do not make sense • We have to relate them to another amount so
we can understand them
![Page 4: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Class one:– Number of females is 50
• Class two:– Number of females is 100
![Page 5: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Class one :– Total number is 100
• Class two:– Total number is 400
![Page 6: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Proportion
• A proportion refers to the fraction of the total that possesses a certain attribute.
A percentage is another way of expressing a proportion. A percentage is equal to the proportion times 100.
• consists of one count as the numerator divided by another count as the denominator. – all the individuals in the numerator must also be included in the
denominator,
![Page 7: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Proportion of females in class one=50/100 = 0.5
• Percent of females in class one=50/100 X100 = 50%
• Proportion of females in class two=100/400 = 0.25%
• Percent of females in class two100/400 X 100 = 25%
![Page 8: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Table No. () year of study, medical students, International university of Africa, 2011
Study of year Frequency Percent (relative frequency)
Cumulative frequency
First year 15026.8 26.8
Second year 13023.2 50
Third year 11019.6 69.6
Fourth year 9016.1 85.7
Fifth year 8014.3 100
Total 560100
![Page 9: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Figure No. () year of study, medical students, International university of Africa, 2011
first year second year third year fourth year fifth year
26.80%
23.20%
19.60%
16.10%14.30%
![Page 10: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Figure No. () gender distribution , medical students, International university of Africa, 2011
class one class two
50%
75%
50%
25%
males females
![Page 11: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Figure No. () year of study, medical students, International university of Africa, 2011
27%
23%19%
16%
14%
first year second year third year fourth year fifth year
![Page 12: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Class one:– Number of females is 50– Number of males is 50
• Class two:– Number of females is 100 – Number of males is 300
![Page 13: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ratio
• A numerator divided by a denominator that usually does not include subjects of the numerator.
• A relation between two independent numbers
![Page 14: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Ratio of females to males in class one is:• 50/50 0r 50:50 =• 1/1 or 1:1
• Ratio of females to males in class two is:• 100/300 or 100:300 =• 1/3 or 1:3
![Page 15: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Village A total number of population = 500• number of all malaria cases in last month = 31• Number of new malaria cases in last month 30
• number of all tuberculosis cases in last month = 40
• Number of new cases of tuberculosis during last month = 2
![Page 16: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Number of new malaria cases in March =30
• Number of new malaria cases in September = 80
![Page 17: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rate
• The velocity of occurrence of an event per unit of time
• Numerator – denominator – unit of time
![Page 18: Bio Statistics](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081900/577ccece1a28ab9e788e529b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Rate of malaria occurrence last month = 30/50 X100 per month
• = 60% per month
• Rate of TB occurrence last month = 2/500 X 100 per month
• = 0.4% per month