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Bioenergy at
UF/IFAS
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•Jay
•Milton Marianna•
•Quincy•Live Oak
Gainesville
•Apopka
•Brooksville
•Lake Alfred
•Balm
• Immokalee
• Homestead
Bioenergy Feedstocksin Florida
15 million acres of forest land10 million acres of farm land
• #1 in sugarcane and citrus• #1 in forest residues• #1 in urban wood waste
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PotentialEnergy Crop in
FL
Potential Output
(Dry Tons/Acre/Year)
Potential Acres for
Production
Potential Total Dry
Tons (millions)
Is It Ready for
Production? Yes/No
Research Projects
Underway?Yes/No
Agricultural CropsSugarcane 25 250,000 6.25 Yes YesSweet Sorghum 13 100,000 1.3 Yes YesBunch Grasses (elephantgrass, energycane)
22 100,000 2.2 Yes Yes
Silage Corn 3 100,000 0.3 Yes YesPotatoes 3 50,000 0.15 Yes Yes
Sweet Potatoes 2 20,000 0.04 Yes Yes
Hay 2.5 500,000 1.25 Yes YesForest Trees
Pines 8 5,000,000 40 Yes YesEucalyptus 14 1,000,000 14 Yes Yes
Cottonwood 10 1,000,000 10 Yes YesAgricultural & Forestry Waste
Veg/Fruit Waste 0.8 500,000 0.4 Yes Yes
Urb. Tree Waste 1 5,000,000 5 Yes YesFor./Mill Residue 1.4 9,000,000 12.6 Yes Yes
Sweet Sorghum
Silage Corn
Grasses
Trees
Urban Tree Waste
Vegetable Waste
Sugarcane
Data Compiled and Calculated by Drs. Mary Duryea & George Hochmuth; UF/IFAS; May 2007
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Our Potential in Florida:
Agricultural Crops: 11.49 mill tons/yr
Tree Crops: 64 mill. tons/yr
Ag/Forestry Waste: 18 mill. tons/yr
93.5 million dry tons biomass x (60 to 100 gal ethanol/ton) =
• Florida currently uses 8.6 billion gallons of gasoline per year
Cellulosic Biomass for Ethanol
93.5 million dry tons/yr
inFlorida
(7% of U.S. total)
Potential Production of Ethanol
Sweet Sorghum
Silage Corn
Grasses
Trees
Urban Tree Waste
Vegetable Waste
Sugarcane
5 to 9 billiongallons of
ethanolper year in
Florida
The DOE reports that the U.S. can produce over 1.3 billion tons of cellulosic biomass per year.
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Acid Hydrolysis
Hemicellulose Syrup
Fiber Residue (cellulose+lignin)
Residue to Boiler
Beer
E.coli (cellulase)
K.oxytoca (cellulase)
FungalCellulase
Nutrients Nutrients
SSF
ETHANOETHANOLL
Di
s
t
i
l
l
a
t
i
on
Cellulase
Co-products
Syrup“Detox”
Biomass to Ethanol ProcessBiomass to Ethanol Process
Team headed by Dr. Lonnie Team headed by Dr. Lonnie IngramIngram
• Over 20 patents for cellulosic ethanolOver 20 patents for cellulosic ethanol•e.g. “Ethanol production from e.g. “Ethanol production from lignocellulose”, “Ethanol lignocellulose”, “Ethanol production using engineered production using engineered E.coli”E.coli”
• 2 spin-off companies2 spin-off companies• Verenium (Ethanol)Verenium (Ethanol)• BioEnergy (Organic Acids)BioEnergy (Organic Acids)
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UF/IFAS&
Cellulosic Ethanol
• New Center of Excellence – Biofuel Pilot Plant $2.25 million – under construction in Gainesville
• New Research and Demonstration Cellulosic Ethanol Plant$20 million from State Legislature– To be located at FL Crystals near Belle Glade
Goals =
• To accelerate commercial development of cellulosic ethanol processes and
• To provide alternative income sources for Florida agriculture and forestry.
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UF/IFAS & Bioenergy:
• Developing Energy Crops: Increasing yield Improving processing efficiency
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1. Developing Energy Crops –Energycane, Grasses, and Sweet Sorghum
• 45 sugarcane hybrids selected for biomass production are being evaluated at Everglades REC
• The best performing hybrids will be evaluated for cellulosic conversion to ethanol
• hybrids could produce over 2,000 gallons of ethanol per acre
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1. Developing Energy Crops –Grasses -- High Biomass Crops
• Other high biomass crops being investigated include:
– Giant reed– Erianthus– Elephantgrass– Miscanthus
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• Research is being conducted to:– Determine the best
varieties for Florida– Evaluate fertilizer and
water requirements
• Results will help investors and growers make informed decisions on sweet sorghum as an energy crop
1. Developing Energy Crops –Sweet Sorghum
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John DavisMolecular Genetics/Genomics
Dudley HuberQuantitative Genetics/Tree Improvement
Matias KirstQuantitative Genetics/Genomics
Eric JokelaProduction Ecology/Silviculture
Tim MartinTree Physiology/Ecophysiology
Gary PeterBiochemistry/Molecular Genetics
Multidisciplinary Forest Genomics Team
2. Developing Energy Crops –Improving Processing Efficiency
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wood specific gravity
Wood properties are genetically controlled.
cell wall chemistry
lignin
hemicellulose
cellulose
early late
2. Developing Energy Crops –Improving Processing Efficiency
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Target Traits for Bioenergy Production
• Fast Growth - high yield per unit input
• Biological Conversion– High carbohydrate content– High ‘easy-to-utilize’
carbohydrates– Low lignin, low extractives
• Thermal Conversion– High energy content– High wood density, low water– High lignin, high extractives
cell wall chemistry
lignin
hemicellulose
cellulose
2. Developing Energy Crops –Improving Processing Efficiency
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2. Developing Energy Crops –Improving Processing Efficiency
Discovered a new gene that will help ethanol production –
Naturally occurring gene in the tree species Populus Leads to a reduction in lignin content by almost half Results in faster growth and Has higher cellulose content. This combination is highly favorable for increased ethanol production.
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Environmental Impacts & SustainabilityWater, Waste, Air, Soil, Wildlife, Climate, Energy Balance,
Life Cycle Studies, …
Energy Crops and Agricultural & Forestry
WasteCrops: Grasses,
Sugarcane, Sorghum, Trees; Waste: Forest &
Mill Residue, Urban Wood Waste, Dairy Waste, Bagasse, …
Conversion EngineeringHydrolysis /
Fermentation/ Distillation,
Thermal Conversion, Anaerobic Digestion,
Gasification, ….
BioenergyCellulosic Ethanol,
Biodiesel, Biogas,
Bioelectricity, Bioproducts,
Butanol; By-products, ….
Economics & PolicySubsidies, Incentives, Taxes, Rural Development,
Incorporating Market Externalities e.g. C Credits, …
Bioenergy Research & Extension at UF/IFAS
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We can:• Advance the science of bioenergy.• Accelerate the commercialization of renewable
biofuels and chemicals.• Contribute substantially to global sustainable
energy supply.
With:
UF’s expertise in bioenergy+
UF/Industry/Government/Private partnerships+
Florida’s capacity to grow biomass