Biogeochemical Cycles
• Defined: Movement of water through the atmosphere
• 75% of the earth is water
• 99% of water undrinkable (salty & frozen)
• Water recycles over and over
• Water rises into the atmosphere in two ways:– Evaporation: Heat changes water from a liquid to
a gas– Transpiration: Water evaporates from the leaves
of plants through openings called stomata
• Warm, moist air rises and eventually cools– Condensation: process where water vapor turns
into a liquid• Rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls when water drops
become heavy (Precipitation)
• Runoff: Water runs down hill into rivers, lakes, streams, oceans…
• Infiltration: Water soaks into the soil and collects as groundwater
• Process repeats
Animation ChallengeWhose water cycle animation is
better?
Some guy on the Internet???Or
Mr. Kobe’s??
Water evaporates and risesAnimation #1
Condensation: Clouds formsAnimation #1
Precipitation: Water falls(rain, snow, sleet, or hail)
Animation #1
Runoff: Water runs downhillAnimation #1
Infiltration: Water soaks into the soilAnimation #1
Cycle Repeats!Animation #1
The Hydrologic CycleAnimation #2
The Hydrologic CycleAnimation #2
The Hydrologic CycleAnimation #2
The Hydrologic Cycle
RUNOFFINFILTRATION
Animation #2
The Hydrologic CycleAnimation #2
Oxygen Cycle
• Autotrophs: Release O2 into atmosphere via photosynthesis• All life: Absorbs O2 to be used during cellular respiration
– Respiration: creates ATP energy for cells
O2
O2
Carbon Cycle
• Carbon = (organic molecules) carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
• Plants & autotrophs:– Intake: Absorb CO2 from atmosphere
Create glucose & sugar via photosynthesis– Output: Release CO2 during respiration
CO2
CO2
Carbon Cycle
• Consumers– Intake: Carbon moves up the food chain as 1 feeds on another– Output: Release CO2 during respiration
CO2
CO2C
C
Carbon Cycle
• Decomposers– Input: Feed on dead organic matter– Output: Release CO2 during respiration– Output: Organic molecules returned to soil during decomposition
C C
C
Carbon Cycle
• Human Industry– Output: Release CO2 into atmosphere when fossil fuels (coal, oil,
natural gas) are burned
CO2
Nitrogen Cycle
• N = 78% atmosphere (most unusable)• Soil Bacteria
– Nitrogen fixation: convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia– Nitrification: ammonia converted into nitrates
N2
Ammonia Nitrates
Nitrogen Cycle
• Plants– Absorb nitrates through their roots
Nitrates
Nitrogen Cycle
• Animals– Ingest nitrates through the food chain (plants eaten)
Nitrates
Nitrogen Cycle
• Decomposers– Return ammonia to soil by feeding on dead matter
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Nitrogen Cycle
• Lightning– Energy breaks atmospheric nitrogen into Nitrogen oxide– Nitrogen oxide falls in rain to soil
Phosphorus (P) Cycle• No
phosphorus in atmosphere
• Rocks– Phosphorus
released by weathering of rocks
PP
Phosphorus (P) Cycle
• Plants– Absorb P into
their roots
P
Phosphorus (P) Cycle
• Animals– Ingest P when
plants eaten– P continues to
move up food chainP
Phosphorus (P) Cycle• Decomposers
– Breakdown dead matter and release P into soil
PP
Phosphorus (P) Cycle
• Human Contribution– Adding
excess P from fertilizers
– P washes into lakes, etc…
– Excess P causes extreme algae growth
PP
P P
PP
Kobe Kuiz1) Name and define the 6 stages of the water cycle.2) How is oxygen released into the atmosphere?3) In which cellular process is oxygen removed and used
from the atmosphere?4) Which organic molecule is created by photosynthesis?5) In which cellular process is carbon dioxide released into
the atmosphere?6) How are humans disrupting the carbon cycle?7) How does nitrogen fixation and nitrification differ?8) How do plants obtain nitrogen?9) Which objects release phosphorus over time?10) How are humans disrupting the phosphorus cycle?